The thesis is focused on the phenomenon of walking and it's influence on the human perception of the environment. Walking is conceived here as a sustainable way of life and is discussed in three different dimensions: social, environmental and spiritual. It therefore maps the meaning of walking in the human life and it's impact on the environmental concern. The social, environmental and spiritual dimension of walking is presented in the theoretical part of the thesis. There is an analysis of the influence of walking on human health, formation and evolution of hiking trails and ways of the human life within them. In addition, it also deals with the concept of the perception of the nature and the human relation to it. The empirical part of the thesis introduces quantitative research of the pedestrians environmental concern which was carried out in the form of a questionnaire survey. The data from this research is then compared with the data from a representative sample of the population of the Czech Republic obtained in the framework of ISSP Environment III research. Key words: walking, sustainable way of life, perception of nature, environmental concern

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第17960号 / 工博第3808号 / 新制||工||1583(附属図書館) / 30790 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 藤井 聡, 准教授 SCHMOECKERJan-Dirk, 准教授 神田 佑亮 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

No description available.

BACKGROUND: Recent epidemiological data indicate that one-third of the U.S. adult population is obese. As a result, healthcare professionals and policy makers are looking to identify creative methods to address this critical health concern. One way that may show promise to promote positive health changes is to convert mechanical energy produced through exercise into stored electricity via energy harvesting (EH) exercise. Previous research has linked pro-environmental attitudes with increased participation in sustainable behaviors. Other research has examined associations between consumption of fruits and vegetables and exercise participation. However, little research examines the association between exercise behavior and environmental concern. And more specifically, EH exercise. OBJECTIVE: To identify if EH exercise can act as a motivating factor to increase exercise participation. METHODS: Phase 1: Qualitative data were collected through a series of one-hour focus groups with ENERGIA Studio members who participate in EH exercise. Four focus groups were completed with 1-5 participants per group (n=12). Topics examined included: 1) perceived effect of EH exercise on the environment and its ability to act as a motivating factor to increase exercise participation; 2) participation in sustainable behaviors and attitudes toward energy conservation and environmental concerns; and 3) perceived benefits of and barriers to fruit and vegetable consumption and exercise participation. Data were used to inform a survey to examine the relationship between how environmental concern influences exercise and dietary practices. Phase 2: Fifteen participants from UMass Permaculture who had irregular exercise participation and pro-environmental beliefs completed an online survey. RESULTS: Significant results were found for associations between: environmental concern and sustainable and organic fruit and vegetable purchasing (p=0.008; p=0.048) among non-exercisers; health concern and organic purchasing (p=0.015) among exercisers; and sustainable practices and fruit and vegetable intake (X2 (1, 12) = 5.285, p=0.022) among non-exercisers. No significant results were found between environmental concern and EH exercise self-efficacy or exercise and fruit and vegetable intake. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides additional research examining how environmental concern may affect dietary and exercise habits. Using the threat of the environment may serve as a potential motivator to increase EH exercise participation and fruit and vegetable intake.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2018-09-19T13:24:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Maria da Concei??o Gomes Valle.pdf: 723947 bytes, checksum: 32d6cc2b293622a0f6421b98fec77fcf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-19T13:24:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Maria da Concei??o Gomes Valle.pdf: 723947 bytes, checksum: 32d6cc2b293622a0f6421b98fec77fcf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-01 / The general objective of this investigation was to analyze environmental education, a discipline offered to undergraduate students in Administration, Agronomy, Economics, Domestic Economics, History, Agricultural Engineering, Food Engineering, Forest Engineering and Zoo Technology at the UFRRJ. The specific objectives were: Verify whether the Core Curriculum of the Undergraduation courses under study meet the propositions of the Curricular Guidelines in relation to the environmental issue; Analyze the Analytical Programs of the disciplines in the Core Curriculum of each course under study in order to identify contents related to the environmental issue; Compare with the Core Curriculums of the courses at the UFRRJ considering environmental education; Determine how concerned students are about the environment. This investigation was carried out Descriptively, by means of Documenting and using Field Research. This study provides a qualitative and quantitative analysis of students? education taking into consideration the aspects that involve the environmental dimension. The methods that were used are the following: Quantitative, Qualitative and Comparative. In a total of 682 seniors registered in the courses where the survey was carried out, 404 filled out a form. We found out that students from all the courses were deeply concerned about the environment. And also that the introduction of the environmental issue in the Core Curriculum, with an interdisciplinary focus, requires a theoretical and methodological reform of the academic structure. The interviewees had a tendency to consider: environmental education deficient in Administration, Economics and History, fair in Agronomy, Agricultural Engineering, Food Engineering, Zoo Technology and Domestic Economics and good only in Forest Engineering. / O objetivo geral nesta investiga??o consistiu em analisar a forma??o ambiental recebida pelos estudantes dos cursos de Administra??o, Agronomia, Ci?ncias Econ?micas, Economia Dom?stica, Hist?ria, Engenharia Agr?cola, Engenharia de Alimentos, Engenharia Florestal e Zootecnia da UFRRJ. Os objetivos espec?ficos foram: Verificar se a Matriz Curricular dos cursos de Gradua??o, em estudo, atende ?s proposi??es das Diretrizes Curriculares quanto ? tem?tica meio ambiente; Analisar os Programas Anal?ticos, das disciplinas da Matriz Curricular, de cada curso em estudo, para identificar conte?dos relativos ? tem?tica ambiental; Realizar uma compara??o entre as Matrizes Curriculares dos Cursos da UFRRJ quanto ? forma??o ambiental; e Determinar o grau de preocupa??o ambiental dos estudantes. Foram articuladas as modalidades de pesquisa: Descritiva, Documental e Pesquisa de Campo. Tratase de uma an?lise quantitativa e qualitativa da forma??o dos alunos quanto aos aspectos que envolvem a dimens?o ambiental. Foram utilizados os m?todos de pesquisa: Quantitativo, Qualitativo e Comparativo. Foi aplicado um survey a 402 alunos, de um total de 682 matriculados nos ?ltimos per?odos. Verificou-se que os alunos de todos os cursos apresentaram alta preocupa??o ambiental e que a introdu??o da tem?tica ambiental na Matriz Curricular, a partir de um enfoque interdisciplinar, necessita de uma reformula??o te?rica e metodol?gica da estrutura acad?mica. Os entrevistados indicaram uma tend?ncia em considerar: deficiente a forma??o ambiental nos cursos de Administra??o, Ci?ncias Econ?micas e Hist?ria; regular nos cursos de Agronomia, Engenharia Agr?cola, Engenharia de Alimentos, Zootecnia e Economia Dom?stica; e boa apenas no curso de Engenharia Florestal.

<p>Environmental consciousness among the Swedish population has considerably increased over the last decade. However, to be concerned with environmental questions does not automatically lead to greater ecological awareness and behaviour in everyday life. It is, according to previous research findings, important to consider aspects of socialisation and the structural aspect of social life in order to understand the different individual expressions of ecological behaviour. De-emphasised importance of individual social backgrounds regarding an individual’s choices towards a more environmentally friendly lifestyle is therefore, according to several previous research findings, surprising. However, considering the major increased environmental consciousness among the Swedish population that has been shown, the objective of my master thesis was to analyse whether environment has become an area that engages all kinds of individuals, despite social backgrounds. Within the study, the two social factors that have been considered in most depth were generation and occupation. In order to get a deeper understanding of how people in Sweden view the individual responsibilities within the work towards a healthier environment, a literature study as well as an interview study was conducted. In the interview study, which was performed in Umeå, Sweden, interviews with scientists and day nurses born in the fifties and seventies were made. When considering the possible influences that generation and choice of occupation have on the individual’s choices towards a more environmentally friendly lifestyle, the result of my interview study did not indicate a direct relation between generation and occupation in one instance and rate of ecological behaviour in another. Instead individual differences among the scientists and day nurses from both considered generations were visible.</p> / <p>Miljömedvetenheten hos den svenska befolkningen har vuxit betydligt under det senaste årtiondet. Men att vara miljömedveten leder inte automatiskt till ett ekologiskt beteende i individers vardag. Enligt tidigare forskning är det viktigt att undersöka strukturella aspekter av socialisering, samt aspekter av det sociala livet för att närmare förstå olika individuella uttryck av ekologiskt beteende. Att den individuella sociala bakgrunden har mindre betydelse för en individs val av en mer miljövänlig livsstil ter sig därför överraskande enligt ett flertal tidigare forskningsresultat. Men, med tanke på den allt mer växande miljömedvetenheten hos den svenska befolkningen var syftet med min examensuppsats att undersöka om miljö har blivit ett område som engagerar alla individer bortsett från sociala bakgrunder. De två sociala faktorerna som undersöktes mer ingående i studien var generationstillhörighet och yrke. För att få en närmare förståelse av hur människor i Sverige ser på individens ansvar inom miljöarbetet utfördes en intervjustudie samt en litteraturstudie. I intervjustudien som utfördes i Umeå, Sverige, intervjuades forskare och förskollärare som var födda på femtiotalet och sjuttiotalet. Min intervjustudie visade inte en direkt relation mellan generationstillhörighet och yrke å ena sidan och grad av ekologiskt beteende å andra sidan. Istället, var individuella skillnader hos forskarna och förskollärarna födda på femtiotalet och sjuttiotalet synliga.</p>

<p>The aim was to study consumer attitudes to and perceptions of organic and genetically modified (GM) foods and factors influencing the purchase/non purchase of these two types of foods. Data were collected by two questionnaire surveys (random nation-wide samples of 2000 consumers, response rate 58% and 39% respectively) and one interview study (n=40).</p><p>A majority of the consumers had positive attitudes towards purchasing organic foods but few reported purchasing organic foods regularly. The most common beliefs about organic foods were that they are more expensive and healthier. Choice of organic foods was related to the perceived consequences for human health and to environmentally friendly behaviour. Perceived positive health consequences appeared to be a stronger motive for purchasing organic foods than were environmental benefits.</p><p>Attitudes towards genetic engineering (GE) appear to be dependent on the application area. Medical applications were generally more easily accepted than were food and agricultural applications. However, all medical applications were not equally accepted. Consumers had generally rather negative attitudes towards GM foods, which were perceived as not being healthy. GM of animals for food production was perceived more negative than GM of plants. Tangible benefits of GM foods, like being better for the environment or healthier, seemed to have a potential to increase willingness to buy.</p><p>The results indicate that the attitudes to organic and GM foods differ: the attitude to organic foods is positive while the attitude to GM foods is more negative. Further, the perceptions of organic and GM foods are opposed in relation to health. The purchase of organic foods and the potential willingness to purchase GM foods appear to be related to positive consequences for health and the environment.</p>

The aim was to study consumer attitudes to and perceptions of organic and genetically modified (GM) foods and factors influencing the purchase/non purchase of these two types of foods. Data were collected by two questionnaire surveys (random nation-wide samples of 2000 consumers, response rate 58% and 39% respectively) and one interview study (n=40). A majority of the consumers had positive attitudes towards purchasing organic foods but few reported purchasing organic foods regularly. The most common beliefs about organic foods were that they are more expensive and healthier. Choice of organic foods was related to the perceived consequences for human health and to environmentally friendly behaviour. Perceived positive health consequences appeared to be a stronger motive for purchasing organic foods than were environmental benefits. Attitudes towards genetic engineering (GE) appear to be dependent on the application area. Medical applications were generally more easily accepted than were food and agricultural applications. However, all medical applications were not equally accepted. Consumers had generally rather negative attitudes towards GM foods, which were perceived as not being healthy. GM of animals for food production was perceived more negative than GM of plants. Tangible benefits of GM foods, like being better for the environment or healthier, seemed to have a potential to increase willingness to buy. The results indicate that the attitudes to organic and GM foods differ: the attitude to organic foods is positive while the attitude to GM foods is more negative. Further, the perceptions of organic and GM foods are opposed in relation to health. The purchase of organic foods and the potential willingness to purchase GM foods appear to be related to positive consequences for health and the environment.

Environmental consciousness among the Swedish population has considerably increased over the last decade. However, to be concerned with environmental questions does not automatically lead to greater ecological awareness and behaviour in everyday life. It is, according to previous research findings, important to consider aspects of socialisation and the structural aspect of social life in order to understand the different individual expressions of ecological behaviour. De-emphasised importance of individual social backgrounds regarding an individual’s choices towards a more environmentally friendly lifestyle is therefore, according to several previous research findings, surprising. However, considering the major increased environmental consciousness among the Swedish population that has been shown, the objective of my master thesis was to analyse whether environment has become an area that engages all kinds of individuals, despite social backgrounds. Within the study, the two social factors that have been considered in most depth were generation and occupation. In order to get a deeper understanding of how people in Sweden view the individual responsibilities within the work towards a healthier environment, a literature study as well as an interview study was conducted. In the interview study, which was performed in Umeå, Sweden, interviews with scientists and day nurses born in the fifties and seventies were made. When considering the possible influences that generation and choice of occupation have on the individual’s choices towards a more environmentally friendly lifestyle, the result of my interview study did not indicate a direct relation between generation and occupation in one instance and rate of ecological behaviour in another. Instead individual differences among the scientists and day nurses from both considered generations were visible. / Miljömedvetenheten hos den svenska befolkningen har vuxit betydligt under det senaste årtiondet. Men att vara miljömedveten leder inte automatiskt till ett ekologiskt beteende i individers vardag. Enligt tidigare forskning är det viktigt att undersöka strukturella aspekter av socialisering, samt aspekter av det sociala livet för att närmare förstå olika individuella uttryck av ekologiskt beteende. Att den individuella sociala bakgrunden har mindre betydelse för en individs val av en mer miljövänlig livsstil ter sig därför överraskande enligt ett flertal tidigare forskningsresultat. Men, med tanke på den allt mer växande miljömedvetenheten hos den svenska befolkningen var syftet med min examensuppsats att undersöka om miljö har blivit ett område som engagerar alla individer bortsett från sociala bakgrunder. De två sociala faktorerna som undersöktes mer ingående i studien var generationstillhörighet och yrke. För att få en närmare förståelse av hur människor i Sverige ser på individens ansvar inom miljöarbetet utfördes en intervjustudie samt en litteraturstudie. I intervjustudien som utfördes i Umeå, Sverige, intervjuades forskare och förskollärare som var födda på femtiotalet och sjuttiotalet. Min intervjustudie visade inte en direkt relation mellan generationstillhörighet och yrke å ena sidan och grad av ekologiskt beteende å andra sidan. Istället, var individuella skillnader hos forskarna och förskollärarna födda på femtiotalet och sjuttiotalet synliga.

Purpose: To explore and reveal specific factors that affect consumers’ environmental concern, attitude and intention to use carsharing. Background: Due to the current environmental problems especially air pollution, the consumption of sustainable products has developed to be an upcoming trend. Consumers are increasingly concerned of the environmental issues and are more willing to act on those concerns. However, this willingness is not always translated into sustainable consumer behavior due to different reasons such as availability, affordability, convenience, product performance, skepticism and force of habit. One of the examples of sustainable consumption is carsharing which is often referred to as an alternative to owning a car. The service is eco labeled and all the cars in the fleet are driven on alternative and environmentally friendly fuel. Carsharing in Sweden is not so developed as in other European countries and companies which provide this service predominantly turns to business companies and municipalities. There is quite little research conducted when it comes to carsharing use by private households. The main focus of this study is to look at carsharing as a part of the sustainable consumption, studying consumers’ environmental concern, attitude and intention to use carsharing. Method: In order to answer the purpose a deductive approach has been applied where the data was collected through the questionnaires. Theories and previous research has been used in order to form the hypothesis which later has been tested. The data retrieved through the research has been processed and analyzed using SPSS software. Conclusion: The results show that personal environmental concern has an influence on attitude and intention to use carsharing. Control beliefs and behavioral beliefs have a stronger impact on formation of attitude and intention compare to normative beliefs which has a low impact. Perceived consumer effectiveness has a strong impact on intention to sustainable behavior where respondents believe that carsharing can contribute to a better environment. Government regulations and information about the service are strong triggering factors for intention to use carsharing. The study showed that consumers have insufficient amount of information about carsharing service and indicate that local authorities and government should provide incentives in order to facilitate usage of this service.