Assunto recorrente na literatura econômica, o desenvolvimentismo latino-americano passou a ocupar a agenda da pesquisa acadêmica a partir dos anos 1950, quando a sua gênese e o seu significado histórico como fenômeno econômico e político tornaram-se objeto de estudo de distintos cientistas sociais. Este trabalho parte da concepção de que, em suas origens, três foram as correntes as quais se amalgamaram para a sua formação: nacionalismo, industrialização e papelismo. Assim, embora haja relativo consenso de que, no Brasil, a política desenvolvimentista aparece de forma mais nítida após 1930 com o processo de substituição de importações, esta tese propõe-se a analisar a obra de três autores, típicos representantes de cada uma dessas vertentes, com o propósito de levantar evidências para robustecer a hipótese de que se trata de um fenômeno cuja origem remonta ao final do século XIX. Para tanto, destaca-se a originalidade do pensamento de Serzedello Correa, Amaro Cavalcanti e Rui Barbosa, autores os quais, em período de pleno domínio da ortodoxia econômica, procuraram não apenas afastar-se do paradigma tradicional, como também avaliar a pertinência de tais ideias ao que entendiam ser a realidade de um país exportador de produtos primários. Indo além, fizeram uma precoce e enfática defesa da intervenção estatal, da industrialização e da necessidade de “construção nacional”, motivo pelo qual podem ser considerados como precursores do desenvolvimentismo brasileiro que ganhou expressão ao longo do século XX. / A recurrent issue in economic’s literature, Latin-American developmentalism started to occupy the academic research agenda from the 1950’s on, when its genesis and its historical meaning as an economic and political phenomenon became the object of study of several social scientists. This work stems from the conception that, in its origins, there were three elements which amalgamated for its formation: nationalism, industrialization and papelism. This way, despite the consensus that, in Brazil, the developmentalist policies appear in a clearer way after 1930 with the importation substitution process, this thesis aims to analyze the oeuvre of three authors, typical representatives of these currents of thought, with the purpose of bringing out evidences to fortify a hypothesis related to a phenomenon whose origins remounts to the end of XIX century. In order to achieve this, it highlights the originality of Serzedello Correa, Amaro Cavalcanti and Rui Barbosa’s economic thoughts, which attempted not only to move away from the traditional paradigm, but also to adapt and validate the relevance of those ideas to what was deemed to be the country’s reality, marked as a primary products export economy. Moreover, they made a premature and emphatic defense of the industrialization and of the necessity of a “national breeding”, reasons why they can be considered one of the Brazilian and Latin-American developmentalist precursors that gained importance along the XX century.

Orientador: Sinclair Mallet-Guy Guerra / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T09:00:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Macedo_GustavodeConti_M.pdf: 1565469 bytes, checksum: 58228056c109197eafabf5d39f37ed23 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Em que medida os sistemas energéticos de cada período histórico repercutem na elaboração das teorias econômicas? Esta é a pergunta que se tenta responder neste trabalho. A resposta é interessante. A atividade de produção de energia torna-se muito importante a partir da Revolução Industrial européia, pois desde então uma falha na oferta de insumos energéticos colapsaria toda a produção de bens de consumo levando ao caos e à morte centenas de milhares de pessoas. Os autores econômicos, por sua vez, na edificação de suas obras, são certamente influenciados por questões a eles contemporâneas, e os problemas no campo da energia são uma categoria que tem direcionado sistematicamente, em várias medidas, os argumentos teóricos do funcionamento das relações econômicas entre os agentes. A relação dialética entre tecnologia, energia e ciência é vista aqui segundo os principais eventos histórico-científicos desde o século XVI até o final do século XX, do carro de boi às células fotovoltaicas / Abstract: In which measure the power systems from each period of history affect the economic theory building? Answer this question is the meaning of this work. The answer is interesting. The activity of power production became very important since the European Industrial Revolution. Since then, a gap in the power supply would collapse the production of all goods, bringing chaos and death to society. Contemporaneous energy issues, on the other hand, have influenced scientists and economic writers (and their theories about how people are economically related with themselves) in many ways. The dialect relationship among technology, power and science is seen here following the main historical-scientific events, since the XVI century till now, from water wheels to photovoltaic cells. Key Words Political economic paradigms, power systems, energy, history of science, history of economic thought / Mestrado / Planejamento de Sistemas Energeticos / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

O presente trabalho busca discutir o papel político das idéias econômicas em um contexto de transformação estrutural. A Argentina enfrentou, durante os anos 80 e 90, os dilemas próprios de um processo de reformas estruturais. O giro para estas reformas foi produzido sob o impacto da crise da dívida externa. A resposta inicial à emergência econômica, que teve um alcance limitado, não comportou mudanças apreciáveis na organização das instituições econômicas. Este alcance das políticas de ajuste foi correspondido com os diagnósticos do momento que postulavam que os desequilíbrios macroeconômicos eram, fundamentalmente, de curto prazo. O governo lançou, em 1985, um plano de estabilização heterodoxo. Os economistas heterodoxos, chamando a atenção para os componentes inerciais da dinâmica inflacionária, sustentaram que as políticas ortodoxas, eram ineficazes e custosas para resolver o problema inflacionário. Contudo, esse programa não conseguiu estabilizar a economia. O fracasso da experiência heterodoxa abriu as portas para a ortodoxia. A partir do final dos anos 80 a agenda governamental foi dominada por uma onda de reformas estruturais. Em 1989, o governo eleito estabeleceu uma nova orientação em política econômica, a partir da qual levou adiante um profundo processo de ajuste. Para entender a modalidade de mudança estrutural seguida pela Argentina existem alguns elementos fundamentais. Em primeiro lugar, aqueles de caráter econômico relacionados com o impacto da crise. Contudo, embora a crise econômica tenha constituído um estímulo poderoso para o início de um programa de reformas estruturais, por si só não foi suficiente para definir quando, como e em o que medida era necessário fazer o ajuste. A interpretação das causas da crise foi central na direção da inovação política. Assim, o debate de idéias cumpriu um papel chave na entrada das reformas econômicas na agenda pública. Para a direção da inovação política foi central a interpretação das causas dos desequilíbrios econômicos. A controvérsia entre alternativas de políticas, que se levou a cabo tendo como pano de fundo a emergência econômica, constituiu a primeira via de entrada das reformas estruturais na agenda pública. Portanto, o desenlace da disputa de interpretações que se estabeleceu durante esses anos acerca da definição da natureza dos desequilíbrios é o foco central de nosso trabalho. / The present work seeks to discuss the political power of the economic ideas in a context of structural transformation. Argentina faced, during ´80 ´90, the dilemmas characteristic of a process of structural reform. The turn toward the structural reform took place under the impact of the crisis of the foreign debt. The initial answer to the economic emergency that had a limited reach, didn\'t behave appreciable changes in the organization of the economic institutions. This limited reach of the adjustment belonged together with the diagnoses of the moment that postulated that the macroeconomic imbalances, were fundamentally imbalances of short term. The government rushed, in 1985, a heterodox stabilization plan. The heterodox economists, getting the attention on the inertial components of the inflationary dynamics, they sustained that the politicians of orthodox, were ineffective and expensive to solve the inflationary problem. However the program was not able to stabilize the economy. The failure of the heterodox experience opened the doors for the orthodoxy. From ends of the years eighty, the government agenda was dominated by a wave of political of structural reforms. In 1989, the elect government established a new orientation in economic politics, starting from which took a deep adjustment process ahead. To understand the modality of structural change continued by the Argentina, some fundamental elements exist. In the first place, those of economic character related with the impact of the crisis. But, although the economic crisis constituted a powerful stimulus for the setting in march of a program of structural reform, by itself it was not enough to define when, how and in what measure it must make the adjustment. The interpretation of the causes of the crisis was central in the address of the political innovation. The debate of ideas completed a key role in the entrance of the economic reform in the public calendar. For the address of the political innovation it was central the interpretation of the causes of the economic imbalances. The controversy among alternative of political that was taken to end on the backdrop of the economic emergency, it constituted the first road of entrance from the structural reform to the public agenda. Therefore, the outcome of the bid of interpretations that was begun in those years about the definition of the nature of the imbalances is the central focus for our work.

This thesis maps development of money illusion through the history of economic thought and analyzes relevance of the concept in these days. The story begins in 1928 with Irving Fisher, who saw money illusion as a failure to perceive changes in purchasing power of money. Different notion was developed by John Maynard Keynes when he proposed a non-homogeneous labor supply. In the 1970s, the success of rational expectations theory led to a dismissal of the original theories of money illusion and Tobin's critique revealed also an inconsistency of the Keynesian notion. Since then, money illusion lost its position in the mainstream economic science. The modern theories were, however, able to align money illusion with rational expectations and provided the phenomenon with a psychological framework. Money illusion became described as a tendency to think in nominal rather than real terms. While the concept was revived as a part of behavioral and New Keynesian economics, the question of its aggregate effects remains as the Keynes' inconsistency have not been resolved until these days.

Nous démontrons qu’il existe une récurrence dans la pensée de Keynes en matière de fluctuations, à savoir que l’investissement est le facteur majeur guidant les fluctuations économiques. La première partie explore les écrits datant d’avant 1925 environ, en analysant les thématiques et problèmes qui en émergent et qui anticipent ceux du Treatise on Money (1930). La seconde partie se focalise sur le Treatise à proprement parler, ainsi que la transition de cet ouvrage à la Théorie Générale de l’Emploi, de l’Intérêt et de la Monnaie (1936) suite à la crise économique du début des années 1930. La troisième et dernière partie aborde ainsi la réponse apportée par la Théorie Générale à ce problème, en démontrant que la théorie de l’investissement qui y est développée est au coeur de son analyse des fluctuations et cycles économiques. / The dissertation argues that there is a recurrence in Keynes’s thought as regards economic fluctuations: investment is considered as the primary factor driving these fluctuations. The first part explains how, in the author’s early writings, some topics and problems that would be discussed in the Treatise on Money (1930) would emerge out of an interest for monetary instability. The second part focuses on the Treatise as such, but also on the transition between this book and the General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (1936) following the economic crisis of the Great Depression. Finally the third part discusses the answer given by the General Theory to this problem, by showing that investment as understood and explained in this book is at the center of an analysis of economic fluctuations and business cycles.

Missing from the discussion surrounding the use of coinage in select burials within southern Italian Greek necropoleis in the fourth and third centuries BCE is an attempt to reconstruct the ancient conception of the ritualistic function of coinage. It is through a chronological survey of epigraphical evidence for temple finances that we can trace the concurrent developments of the recognition of a fiduciary value to money, on one hand, and the acceptance of a ritualistic function to coinage on the other. Both occur simultaneously in Magna Graecia where the earliest coins in burial have been found. The case study of Metaponto, an archaeological site around the Lucanian Apennines, reveals a correspondence between an Oscan assemblage of funerary equipment and the presence of coinage. One tomb in particular contains an old coin’s ceramic impression, a clear representation of a value above that of its monetary model. Indigenous Italian agency ought therefore be considered when explaining, not just the ritualistic deposition of bronze coinage in Italy, but also a broader recognition of the sacred and fiduciary value to coinage which led to its deposition. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA) / When did humans start conceptualising the abstract notion of value which underpins modern paper money? The time of Socrates’ death was one of economic transition, when coins were first integrated into funerary rituals, used as religious dedicatory offerings, and minted in a new metal, bronze. These concurrent developments stemmed from the need for Greeks, using silver, to exchange with indigenous Italians who used bronze. This created a symbolic value for the bronze coins which was manifested in the contemporaneous acceptance of coinage in religious rituals. The case study of Metaponto, a Greek city founded in southern Italy, demonstrates the indigenous Italian impetus to include coinage in funerary assemblages, and by extension, their involvement in redefining the economic conception of money. A ceramic impression of an older coin found in one of these burials, is similar to paper money in that it represents a value abstracted from its silver model.

L’entre-deux-guerres représente une période charnière dans l’évolution de la pensée économique au Canada. Le contexte économique et social des années 1920-1940 est des plus favorables au foisonnement de nouvelles idées et de nouvelles approches. Face à la crise et à l’urgence d’en sortir, les économistes, les intellectuels et les milieux politiques commencent à se questionner sérieusement sur les dysfonctions du capitalisme et de l’économie de marché. Pénétrée par des courants émergents, dont le keynésianisme et le corporatisme, et en parallèle avec une discipline économique en pleine formation, la pensée économique évolue considérablement durant ces années alors que les économistes s’interrogent sur les orientations des politiques gouvernementales. L’étude des deux grandes revues d’économie-politique, L’Actualité économique et le Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Sciences, ainsi que l’analyse des travaux des principaux économistes de l’époque, incarnés par Harold A. Innis, W. A. Mackintosh, Esdras Minville et Édouard Montpetit, révèlent les nouvelles orientations face aux problèmes qui confronte le Canada. / The interwar period represents a period of transition in the evolution of the economic thought in Canada. The economic and social context of the 1920-1940’s was highly favorable to the expansion of new ideas and new approaches. In the face of the crisis, economists and intellectuals began to question the fundamentals of capitalism and the market economy. Under the influence of Keynesianism and Corporatism in conjunction with the professionalization of the discipline, economists’ approach to issues of public policy changed considerably during the period. I study the two major political-economy journals, L’Actualité économique, and the Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science, as well as the work of leading economists of the time, Harold A. Innis, W. A. Mackintosh, Esdras Minville and Édouard Montpetit, to showcase new economic approaches to the changing social and economic realities of Canada.

Cette thèse étudie la trajectoire historique des enquêtes psychologiques produites au Survey Research Center de l’Université du Michigan à l’initiative de George Katona. Aujourd’hui, on ne retient de ces enquêtes que les indicateurs de confiance produits chaque mois par plus de cinquante pays pour analyser la conjoncture. Pourquoi continue-t-on à produire et à utiliser ces enquêtes et ces indicateurs alors qu’un consensus s’est produit en macroéconomie et en microéconomie autour d’un ensemble de modèles qui n’en font pas l’usage ? Pour répondre à cette question, on étudie plusieurs controverses qui se sont produites autour des enquêtes du Michigan entre 1944 et 1960. On montre que l’époque est caractérisée de décisions au sein des gouvernements et du monde des affaires. La thèse montre que si ces débats sont peu connus des économistes aujourd’hui, c’est parce qu’ils se sont poursuivis dans des champs disciplinaires périphériques à l’économie. Ces disciplines sont concernées par des problèmes pratiques dont les économistes théoriciens se sont progressivement détournés. En proposant une analyse des liens entre la théorie économique et sa mise en pratique, cette thèse offre une nouvelle manière d’appréhender l’histoire de la macroéconomie récente et de l’économie comportementale. L’histoire des dynamiques intellectuelles d’après-guerre ne se résume ni à des innovations théoriques, ni à un nouveau rapport entre la théorie et l’empirie. En effet, ces dynamiques reposent aussi sur la redéfinition des frontières entre la science et son art ; entre d’un côté l’économie et de l’autre le marketing et la conjoncture. / This dissertation looks at the historical development of George Kantona's psychological surveys at the Survey Research Center at the University of Michigan. The main legacy of this work has been the widespread adoption of confidence indicators. They are used each month by more than fifty countries and widely implemented by business managers and forecasters. How do we explain the widespread usage of these indicators despite a prevalent consensus in macroeconomics and microeconomics that does not consider them as important tools? In order to answer this question, we study several controversies that occurred around Michigan surveys between 1944 and 1960. It is shown that this era is characterized by many interdisciplinary exchanges guided by the practical needs of decision-makers in governments and private companies. I show that if economists know little about these debates, it is because they were maintained in disciplinary fields on the periphery of economics. These fields are centered on practical problems that theoretical economists progressively abandoned. This thesis offers a new way of understanding the history of recent macroeconomics and behavioral economics by proposing an analysis of the links between economic theory and its application in practice. For instance, the history of post-war intellectual dynamics cannot be reduced to theoretical innovations or to a new relationship between theory and empiricism. Indeed, these dynamics rely also on the transformation of the boundaries between the science and its art; between the economy on the one hand and marketing and forecasting on the other.

L’hypothèse à l’origine de ce travail est que les remises en question récentes du concept de capital humain sont inextricablement liées aux conditions dans lesquelles cette théorie a émergé. En conséquence, remonter aux origines de la révolution du capital humain permet d’apporter un éclairage nouveau sur les problèmes de définition et de mesure que le conceptrencontre aujourd’hui. Dans une perspective d’histoire de la pensée économique, nous nous proposons d’analyser les ondements conceptuels du cadre théorique du capital humain qui a émergé à la fin des années 1950 sous l’impulsion de trois auteurs : Gary Becker, Jacob Mincer et Théodore Schultz. Au début des années 1950, Schultz utilise le concept de capitalhumain pour expliquer le résidu de croissance. Le programme de recherche qu’il lance s’inscrit ainsi dans le corpus des théories de la croissance. Schultz parvient immédiatement à faire la preuve de la pertinence de ce facteur de production oublié. Au même moment, c’est-à-dire au milieu des années 1950, Mincer travaille lui aussi sur le concept de capital humain, mais comme déterminant de la distribution des revenus individuels. Quant à Becker, ce n’est qu’à la fin des années 1950 qu’il s’intéressera au capital humain : il propose d’analyser les choix individuels de formation au moyen de la théorie du choix rationnel et d’étudier le taux de rendement privé de l’investissement dans l’éducation. Le modèle microéconomique élaboré par Becker sera immédiatement utilisé par Mincer et va s’imposer aux dépens de l’approche macroéconomique de Schultz. / The hypothesis underlying this work is that the recent criticism faced by human capital concept are inextricably linked to the emerging conditions of the theory. Getting to the roots of the human capital revolution gives a new perspective on both theoretical and measurement issues. Using the history of economic thought perspective, we analyse the conceptual foundations of the human capital theory developed by Gary Becker, Jacob Mincer and Theodore Schultz in the late fifties. In 1950, Schultz used the concept of human capital in order to explain growth residual. His research program is embodied in the corpus ofgrowth theory. Schultz promptly succeeds to show the importance of this forgotten factor. Simultaneously, Mincer works on the same concept considering it as the main determinant of the personal income distribution. Few years later, Becker tried to understand the individual choice of training using the rational choice theory, and study the private rate of return of investment in education. His model, immediately adopted by Mincer, will establish itself as the standard model, vanishing the macroeconomic approach of Schultz.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-03-29T12:28:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Leon Santiago Mendes Suhett.pdf: 1120014 bytes, checksum: 56768b4d1a17546dab7d4c7a8dbd1c1b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-29T12:28:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leon Santiago Mendes Suhett.pdf: 1120014 bytes, checksum: 56768b4d1a17546dab7d4c7a8dbd1c1b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-20 / The present dissertation analyzes the evolution of the Latin American economic thought between the decades of the 1950s and 1970s. The starting point of the research takes the creation of the Economic Comission for Latin America (CEPAL) as its landmark in 1949. One considers its institutionalization led by Raúl Prebisch, as the opening process of a constructive authentic critical thought in the region. The theories developed by André Gunder Frank and Ruy Mauro Marini are analyzed within the scope of mesuring its advances as well as the shortcomings of these contributions. In this essay one approaches the main concepts and categories as given by each one of these authors. Therefore, by this token, one considers the André Gunder Frank theories as playing one intermediate role by providing elements for the rupture with the reformist trends of the CEPAL think tanks as well as establishing some pillars which will allow the construction of the Marxist Theory of Dependence / Esta dissertação analisa a evolução do pensamento econômico latino-americano entre as décadas de 1950 e 1970. O início da pesquisa possui como marco a criação da Comissão Econômica para América Latina, em 1949, pois entendemos que a institucionalização da Comissão, encabeçada por Raúl Prebisch, inaugura o processo de constituição de um pensamento crítico e autêntico na região. As obras de André Gunder Frank e Ruy Mauro Marini são analisadas sob o intuito de compreender os limites e avanços destas contribuições. Em nosso estudo, abordamos os aqui considerados principais conceitos e categorias ensejados por cada autor. Dessa maneira, imputamos à obra de André Gunder Frank um papel de intermediação, ao proporcionar elementos para o rompimento com os anseios reformistas dos intelectuais cepalinos e estabelecer alguns pilares que permitirão a construção da Teoria Marxista da Dependência