Communication can be divied into two broad areas namely, the verbal and nonverbal levels. While attention has been paid to nonverbal communication in the literature, few studies address the nonverbal communication that takes place in the natural setting of a therapeutic session. The present study provides such a naturalistic study, where the verbal content of actual therapy sessions are integrated with the nonverbal content to yield a holistic view of the session. An ecosystemic epistemology is adopted in this study, and represents a move away from more traditional approaches to nonverbal behaviour which are largely confined to a positivistic framework of thought and design. Symlog Interaction Scoring is employed as a practical method of assisting observers in distinguishing nonverbal behaviours, which are usually perceived unconsciously, and lifting them into consciousness, allowing this infonnation to be integrated with the meanings and hypotheses generated during therapy. By deliberately including descriptions of nonverbal behaviour, the descriptions of therapy were broadened, thereby providing a more holistic approach to therapy. / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)

Clinical Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)

Text in Afrikaans / Die tradisionele Newtoniaanse wetenskapsbeskouing berus op drie basiese aannames, naamlik lineere oorsaaklikheid, reduksionisme en objektiwiteit. Ernstige kritiek word al hoe meer teen hierdie basiese aannames van die Newtoniaanse benadering geopper. Veral vanuit die sistemiese en ekosistemiese benaderings is alternatiewelike denkraamwerke tot hierdie benadering voorgestel. Die mees kontemporere denkraamwerk (epistemologie), naamlik die ekosistemiese benadering, is gebaseer op outonomie, struktuurgedetermineerdheid, attribusie van betekenis en konstruktivisme. Hierdie ekosistemiese beginsels is in hierdie studie gebruik om gevangenisproblematiek (wat tot op hede gekenmerk was deur Newtoniaanse denke) te herkonseptualiseer. Die nuwe konseptualisering is prakties in die psigoterapeutiese proses met gevangenes ge'lllustreer. In hierdie proses is outonomie op drie vlakke (die van gevangene, terapeut en gevangenisstelsel) bevorder. Hierdie konseptualisering skyn dus 'n wetenskaplikverantwoordbare basis te bied waarbinne gevangenisstelsels beskou kan word. / The traditional Newtonian approach to science is based on three fundamental assumtions, namely linear causality, reductionism and objectivity. Serious criticism is increasingly being brought against these fundamental assumptions of the Newtonian approach. Specifically the systemic and ecosystemic approaches have presented alternative ways of thought (epistemology). The mos t contemporary epistemology, namely the ecosystemic approach, is based on autonomy, structure-determinism, attribution of meaning and constructivism. These ecosystemic principles were used in this study to reconceptualize problems associated with prisoners, problems previously approached in a Newtonian way. This new conceptualization was practically illustrated in the psychotherapeutic process with prisoners. In this process autonomy of the prisoner, therapist and the prison system was promoted. This conceptualization present a scientifically justified basis for thinking about correctional systems. / Psychology / M.A. (Sielkunde)

Custody disputes have traditionally been considered a legal matter. More recent trends have seen the recognition of divorce and custody as both legal and psychological events. This necessitated the involvement of professionals of the helping services in custody recommendations. Such a multidisciplinary approach is currently taken by the Office of the Family Advocate, Pretoria, in disputed custody matters. It is suggested that the way in which the problem of custody is currently defined, is on a pragmatic level, and does not include a higher-order awareness as implied by an ecosystemic epistemology. Such an awareness denotes self-reflexivity, and calls for a more aesthetic emphasis. The dialectic between aesthetics and pragmatics is maintained by means of a descriptive look at the various systems involved in a disputed custody case. Adopting an ecosystemic epistemology is recommended, through the metaphor of mediation, as a further evolution of an already changing process. / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)

Text in Afrikaans / Die komplementariteit tussen afstand en intimiteit in die terapeutiese verhouding word ge"illustreer en bespreek aan die hand van 'n enkeie gevallestudie. Die klem is op rekursiewe en selfverwysende prosesse wat tussen die terapeut en kiient plaasvind, sodat die vvyse waarop intiemer en meer afstandelike interaksies ge-kokreer is, uitgelig word. Die terapeutiese proses word binne die raamwerk van die ekosistemiese en sosiale konstruksionistiese epistomologie bespreek. Navorsing word uitgevoer volgens die naturalistiese navorsingsparadigma en raakpunte tussen die navorsingsparadigma en epistomologie wat bespreek is, word aan die hand van die gevaliestudie ge"illustreer. In die studie word daar ook verwys na verwante kwessies, soos aanraking en grense in die terapeutiese verhouding, terapie as 'n a-sosiale konteks, terapie as 'n paradoksale situasie en die neutraliteit van die terapeut, wat aansluit by die tema van hierdie studie. Hierdie temas word geintegreer tydens die bespreking van die gevallestudie. / An individual case study is used in this study, to discuss the complementarity between distance and intimacy in the therapeutic relationship. The focus is on recursive and selfreflective processes between the therapist and the client in order to explain the way in which intimate and distant interactions were coconstructed. The therapeutic process was discussed in the context of ecosystemic and social constructionist epistemologies. Research was done according to the principles of the naturalistic research paradigm and overlaps between this research paradigm and epistemologies that were discussed are brought forward through the discussion of the case study. There are also references in this study to related issues, such as touching and boundaries in the therapeutic relationship, therapy as an a-social and paradoxical context, and the neutrality of the therapist, which connect with the theme of this study. These themes are integrated in the discussion of the case study. / Psychology / M.A. (Kliniese Sielkunde)

Individual distress in the work-place has been cited as the cause of enormous loss of productivity and income, and has therefore attracted much attention from researchers and therapists alike. However, an extensive literature study reveals that in the field of work-related distress and its management, there appears to be discontinuity, a diversity of opinion and even confusion with regard to definitions, causes and possible remedies for the problem. It is suggested that this situation has been brought about and is being perpetuated by the Newtonian/Cartesian epistemological foundation on which most thinking in the field is based. It is further suggested that an epistemology informed by ecosystemic, constructivist principles could facilitate a way of thinking which would be more useful in this context. A case study was done in accordance with the above-mentioned ideas, which served as an investigation of their usefulness in a situation of reported work-related stress. On the basis of the information which emerged from the study, it is concluded that an ecosystemic approach can indeed provide a useful basis for understanding such situations. Furthermore, it is suggested that there are certain commonalities between such situations which are primarily founded in contexts in which the individual finds himself faced with contradictory demands which are not acknowledged as such. Finally, the point is made that if, in accordance with a constructivist viewpoint, "stress" is understood to be a social construction rather than an absolute condition, then the traditional way of thinking provides us with descriptions of man, society and the relationship between them, which are negative and may also be reflexively destructive. However, since constructivism allows for a different construction to be brought forth, we may utilise ecosystemic thinking to provide a more optimistic view. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)

In this study an ecosystemic approach to self-hypnosis was utilised as a tool to explore and describe the healing of sport injuries. Four injured Subjects, from four different sporting activities participated in the study. Self-hypnosis/hypnosis was used as a linguistic means to perturb the problem-defining ideas within which the sport injury was embedded. Problem dis-solution involved a process of reframing each Subject's current reality through dialogue, and a new reality for each respective Subject was co-constructed through consequent linguistic differentiation. The hypnotist, participating in the linguistic domain as an equal participant, looked for intended meanings in each respective conversational exchange with the athletes, and synthesised information creatively. This process and the thinking behind each case study is described in detail in this dissertation. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

The word "cancer" has different meanings for different people. In general, it is synonymous with fatality, either imminent or in the forseeable future. How each person perceives and attributes meaning to this personal experience, varies according to idiosyncratic factors. These factors are constituted by each individual's unique internal make up and by external influences and it is the combination of the multiplicity of factors that bring about the personal attributions of meaning for each individual. The thesis examines the attributions of meaning of a sample of 42 women with breast cancer, through administration of a semi-structured interview and questionnaire, with follow up interviews. The theoretical concepts which are explored, examine the shift away from the traditional, Newtonian, linear-causal, neutral observer model (as in the traditional medical model), towards an ecosystemic, a-causal, contextual, holistic stance. Ecosystemic thinking is utilised in this research work, and this way of thinking is applied to the findings. In addition, a qualitative, descriptive approach is adopted, so that an in depth emphasis rather than a quantitative, empirical view of the patients in the sample, is undertaken. The applied questionaire focuses on the patient's experience of cancer diagnosis, with more specific reference to the side effects of the chemotherapy. The emphasis is towards the issue of anticipatory nausea and emesis and the possible use of hypnosis in relation to these effects. Each patient's attribution of meaning to these aspects forms the core of the thesis. The study discloses the wide variety of attributions of meaning held by different women in a similar predicament towards different aspects of that predicament. Concomitantly, the study highlights the limitations of the traditional, medical model which contribute to diminishing the personal understanding of each patient, and the impact of this on both treatment and outcome for each patient. / Psychology / D.Phil. (Psychology)

Ce travail de recherche propose une exploration des ouvrages de référence du courant de pensée dit« de Palo Alto » ainsi qu’une immersion dans l’univers de la pratique de l’intervention systémiquebrève, qui n’est autre que l’application hors champ thérapeutique de la thérapie brève systémiqueconçue et développée par ce groupe de chercheurs transdisciplinaire à partir des années 1960 auxEtats-Unis. L’ISB connaît aujourd’hui un rayonnement international, et les plus grandesorganisations publiques ou privées font appel à des spécialistes de ce modèle pour résoudre leursproblèmes de communication. Pourtant, celui-ci reste encore peu reconnu par les professionnels dessciences de l’information et de la communication (SIC).Articulée en deux parties complémentaires (la première étant consacrée aux fondements théoriquesdu modèle, et la seconde à ses modalités d’application au sein des organisations), cette étude a pourobjectif de nourrir les réflexions actuelles sur la place à accorder au sein des SIC à ce modèle derésolution des problèmes de communication au sein des organisations ainsi qu’au rôle que celui-cipourrait jouer dans la prévention des risques psychosociaux et dans la responsabilité sociétale desorganisations. / This research proposes an exploration of the works of reference of the Palo Alto' school thought andan immersion in the world of the practice of brief systemic intervention, which is the application -outside the therapeutic field - of the brief systemic therapy designed and developed by a group ofinterdisciplinary researchers from the 1960s in the United States. Brief systemic intervention isexperiencing an international reputation, and the largest public and private organizations employspecialists of this model to solve their communication problems. However, it is still not widelyapproved by professionals in sciences of information and communication (SIC). Articulated in twocomplementary parts (the first one is devoted to the theoretical foundations of the model, and thesecond one to its implementing rules within organizations), this study aims to stimulate the currentreflections about the place given in the SIC to this communication problems solving model withinorganizations and the role that it could play in the prevention of psychosocial risks and thecorporate social responsability.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-06-06T16:32:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberto Zimmer Araujo_.pdf: 3083647 bytes, checksum: a3bc2539bd5eb24fc4d6befbc345926e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-06T16:32:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberto Zimmer Araujo_.pdf: 3083647 bytes, checksum: a3bc2539bd5eb24fc4d6befbc345926e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-20 / Nenhuma / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo descrever formas de contribuição do design estratégico para o desenvolvimento de uma cultura de sustentabilidade por meio da projetação de negócios no segmento da moda. O Design Estratégico é compreendido como uma área de conhecimento na qual o designer atua em todo processo estratégico da organização e que gera dispositivos de natureza diversa, inclusive modelos de negócio, e considera as relações ecossistêmicas que se estabelecem. O segmento da moda é um setor no qual se observam iniciativas de projetação de modelos de negócio com propósito sustentável, e a partir das relações ecossistêmicas o fenômeno de disseminação dos valores relacionados a sua visão de sustentabilidade. Para compreender como negócios no segmento da moda contribuem para a construção de uma cultura sustentável com a projetação de seus modelos de negócio, foram estudados três casos de negócios sociais neste segmento: Revoada, Colibrii e Tiê Moda Sustentável. O estudo é de natureza qualitativa e sustenta-se no paradigma construtivista-interpretativo. O plano de ação consiste em entrevistas em profundidade e pesquisa documental, além de análise de conteúdo. Como resultados, constatou-se que estes negócios são criados por pessoas que se identificam com a perspectiva da sustentabilidade na vida pessoal e, na projetação do negócio, percebem a possibilidade de praticar e disseminar tal perspectiva. Com isso, percebe-se a influência do designer para transição rumo a sustentabilidade a partir de projetos que estimulem estilos de vida mais sustentáveis e transformação cultural. O designer expressa no modelo de negócio que projeta elementos de sua subjetividade relacionados a sustentabilidade na forma de relações sociais e com o meio ambiente, inclusive não apenas no negócio em si, mas também na cadeia de fornecimento e operações externas para que seu objetivo de impacto positivo seja atingido. Nas relações ecossistêmicas estabelecidas pelo modelo de negócio, os valores sustentáveis são disseminados nas trocas materiais e imateriais, evoluindo a consciência de todos os atores conectados. O modelo de negócio deve ser compreendido como um sistema aberto para recriações de si em função da evolução da consciência gerada a partir das relações ecossistêmicas. / This research aims to describe ways of contributing of strategic design to development of a culture of sustainability through projecting business in the fashion segment. Strategic design is understood as a knowledge area that consider the designer in all process of the strategy of the organization and generates a diversity of devices types, including business models, and consider the ecosystemic relations that are stablished. The fashion segment is a sector in which there are initiatives to design business models with sustainable purpose, and from ecosystemic relations the phenomenon of values related to its vision of sustainability. To understand how fashion business contribute to the construction of a sustainable culture through the design of business models there were studied three social business cases: Revoada, Colibrii and Tiê Moda Sustentável. The study is of a qualitative nature and is based on a constructivist-interpretative paradigm. The action plan consists in depth interviews and documental research, and content analysis. As results, it was perceived this business are creates from entrepreneurs identified with sustainability in personal live, and when they design the business perceived the possibility to practice and disseminate this perspective. With this, it’s perceived the influence of designer to transition toward sustainability from projects that stimulate more sustainable lifestyles and cultural transformation. The designer express on the business model that projects elements of its subjectivity in the form of social relations and with the environment not just in the business itself, but too all the supply and operative chain to do the impact intended. In the relations established with other actors in the business model the sustainable values are disseminated in material and immaterial exchanges, evolving the conscience of all connected actors. The business models should be understood as an open system for recreating process of themselves in consequence of the evolution of the conscience from the ecosystemic relations.