Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O Programa Dinheiro Direto na Escola (PDDE) e o Plano de Desenvolvimento da Educação (PDE) repercutiram diretamente nas ações cotidianas das escolas através da reivindicação da participação da comunidade escolar nos processos de aplicação financeira. Esta pesquisa definiu como problema: Até que ponto a participação democrática é estimulada por meio das ações do PDDE e do PDE e de que formas essas propostas se relacionam?. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as ações do PDDE e do PDE ligadas ao financiamento e à participação democrática no interior de uma escola pública, suas contradições e seus impactos na gestão escolar, através da realização de uma pesquisa qualitativa caracterizada como um estudo de caso. O PDDE foi implementado com vistas à descentralização da aplicação financeira nas escolas. O seu objetivo principal é agilizar a assistência financeira da Autarquia FNDE aos sistemas públicos de ensino. O PDE iniciou em 2007, inclui metas de qualidade para a educação básica. O plano prevê acompanhamento e assessoria aos municípios com baixos indicadores de ensino. Em sua versão Escola, o PDE tem por objetivo fortalecer a autonomia da gestão escolar a partir de um diagnóstico dos desafios de cada escola e da definição de um plano para a melhoria dos resultados, com foco na aprendizagem. Conhecer os mecanismos operacionais dessas duas propostas em um contexto escolar trouxe possibilidades de desvelar ações que merecem ser analisadas pelos que se interessam pelos processos de financiamento da educação. Foi selecionada uma escola da rede estadual do Rio de Janeiro. O Instituto de Educação Carmela Dutra é um estabelecimento de ensino de educação básica, que atende turmas de Ensino Médio. Foram realizadas observações em campo. Foram aplicados questionários aos diversos segmentos escolares e foi efetivada uma entrevista com o diretor, interrogando sobre a as repercussões que essas verbas trouxeram para a autonomia da escola, sobre os processos de gestão e participação na escola. Pôde-se depreender que nesta realidade escolar, os sujeitos participam da elaboração e execução de alguns processos pedagógicos, porém no que se refere à aplicação financeira, as decisões ficam aos encargos da gestão do Instituto. Os níveis de conhecimento acerca do PDDE e do PDE por parte da comunidade escolar e o planejamento/execução desses programas ainda mostram-se restritos aos setores administrativos. As falas mostram diferenças focais entre o proclamado e o vivido. A necessidade de democratização das relações sociais dentro dos espaços escolares se revela fundamental aos estudos sobre gestão.

The thesis deals with the understanding of metaphors and symbols by children of older school age, i.e. the period of adolescence. Subsequently it turns to the conception of metaphors and symbols in individual areas of human life and thinking. It is concerned with the area of aesthetics, in particular with art, drama, music and literature. Further, it studies the conception of metaphors and symbols in philosophy, sociology, psychology (especially social and depth psychology), religion and bible studies. The practical part sums up the findings introduced in the theoretical part and infers from them the consequences for the religious pedagogy and didactics of symbol focused on the older school age. In the final part, several exemplary teaching lessons are outlined, which correspond to the introduced theoretical and practical pedagogical findings and which aim at helping the adolescents to disclose the world of metaphors and symbols not only in religious sphere.

Essa dissertação descreve ferramentas e mecanismos do processo de projeto da FDE (Fundação Pelo Desenvolvimento da Educação), órgão responsável pela execução de projetos e obras de escolas públicas no Estado de São Paulo. Dentre outros aspectos, foram identificadas e examinadas a sistematização e a padronização realizadas pela Fundação, além da caracterização de projetos contratados. Foram também estudadas metodologias ainda pouco utilizadas no processo de projeto do setor público, tais como a certificação de escolas pela AQUA-HQE (Alta Qualidade Ambiental- Haute Qualité Environmentale). Os elementos analisados nesta dissertação sugerem que as ferramentas e procedimentos adotados pela FDE possam ser adaptados e utilizados por outras instituições, servindo como uma referência tanto para entidades quanto para agentes e prestadores de serviços envolvidos no processo de projetos de obras públicas. Este trabalho visa trazer contribuições para a melhoria da qualidade do processo de projeto de arquitetura no setor público. / This study describes tools and mechanisms of design process applied in FDE (Foundation For Education Development), which is the company responsible for project and construction of public schools in São Paulo. The systematization and standardization processes carried out by the Foundation have been identified and examined in this paper, as well as the characterization of these projects. They were also studied methodologies not so used in the public sector regarding to the design process, such as certification of schools by AQUA-HQE (High Quality environmentally- Haute Qualité Environmentale). The elements analyzed in this paper suggest that the tools and procedures adopted by the FDE can be adapted by other institutions, serving as a reference for both entities and for service providers involved in the process of public construction projects. This study aims to bring contributions to improving the quality of the architectural design process in the public sector.

The purpose of this study was to trace the development of education, including higher education, in the United Arab Emirates. In order to complete this study, a computer search of available literature in the English and Arabic languages was constructed. The findings of this study revealed that although education at all levels has been expanded and improved, enrollment in vocational education and science remains low at the secondary level. Students also seem to avoid science and education at the college level. Based on the results of this study, further research should be conducted to determine the perceptions of alumni educational experience, community involvement in education, the role of national and multi-national cooperations in education, and women's education in relation to their participation in the labor force.

The purpose with this study is to problematize implementation of the concept of universal design for learning (UDL), (Meyer, Rose & Gordon, 2014) in higher education. The study focuses on what university teachers express regarding their experiences of the concept of UDL two or three years after having taken part of a series of workshops to learn UDL. The analysis was done using content analysis (Cohen, Manion & Morrison, 2011) and the theoretical framework of Designs for Learning (DFL) was used in order to highlight the results (Marie Leijon & Lindstrand, 2012; Selander, 2008; Selander & Kress, 2010). The results cannot be generalized but imply that UDL, without any particular adaptation for a Swedish context, is a concept for widening participation. After participating in a workshop series on UDL the concept has had a lasting impact with the respondents. The respondents use all three of the main principles of UDL; provide multiple means for engagement provide multiple means for representation and provide multiple means for action and expression. UDL is indicated to be a concept towards student centered learning and teaching, towards improving student’s possibilities of learning to learn and as a concept for manifesting a mindset for widening participation. UDL is by the respondents in this study also seen as a concept to develop widening participation. They see UDL as a concept for management to strategically implement widening participation. which is missing and asked for by the respondents. The possible drawbacks with the concept is just that, that few use UDL, few know about it and there is no recommendation from management to use UDL. Another drawback is that it takes time implementing UDL, though some respondents point out that it saves time in the end.

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The diploma thesis I touch, taste, smell, hear, see, create! deals with the significance of sensibility in reaching visual literacy in mentally impaired pupils. The theoretical part, based on special literature, devotes the first chapter to mental impairment definitions, education of people and characteristics of individual stages of mental impairment. The second chapter deals with the school subject visual arts education itself and its anchoring in the FEP (The Framework Educational Programme), school visual arts education curriculum at special school in Vrchlabí, specific features of graphic activity in children with mental impairment and visual literacy. The third chapter classifies sensual perception and describes the specifics of each sense individually in a mentally impaired pupil. The introduction of the practical part deals with the characteristics of the special primary school, an interview with a head teacher and the characteristics of individual children. The practical part is based on a proposal of a creative project of special education for mentally impaired pupils. Each didactic line is devoted to a particular development of senses: eyesight, hearing, touch, smell and taste. This creative project was tested at Special Primary School in Vrchlabí with four selected pupils aged from 10...

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Engineering education is both academic, emphasising theory in a range of subjects, and professional, preparing students for engineering practice. Ideally, these aspects are also in a meaningful relationship in the curriculum, but the dual nature ideal is simultaneously a source of tensions. This theme is explored in the context of engineering education development, represented by the CDIO (Conceive, Design, Implement, Operate) approach. Cases on programme and course level illustrate how the dual nature ideal is pursued in the integrated curriculum. CDIO is also compared with PBL (problem/project-based learning), and opportunities to further emphasise research in the CDIO community are explored. Two critical accounts suggest widening the perspective from curriculum development per se, to the organisational conditions. First, the views of Carl Richard Söderberg (1895-1979) are compared with CDIO, showing considerable similarities in ideals, arguments, and strategies. This leads to a critique of the swinging pendulum metaphor. Then, experiences of unsustainable change leads to a model called organisational gravity, explaining the stability of programmes and implying two change strategies, with different availability, risks, resource demands, and sustainability of results. Refuting a rationalist view on organisation, an institutional logics perspective is used to analyse the tensions within engineering education. It is suggested that the logics of the academic profession dominates over the logics of the engineering profession, hence favouring “teaching theory” over “teaching professionals”. The integrated curriculum strategy is contingent on educators’ ability to unite theoretical and professional aspects in courses, and on the collegial capacity for coordination. Finally, the CDIO initiative is conceptualised as a field-level driver of institutional innovation, identifying some strategies for legitimacy. / <p>QC 20171108</p>

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The school environment presents a valuable opportunity for the identification, monitoring and support of children made vulnerable by HIV/AIDS and poverty. Many children are caring for parents suffering from AIDS-related illnesses and/or they are the main breadwinner of the household. As a result of HIV/AIDS and poverty therefore, children might be dropping out of school, or their ability to perform adequately at school might be significantly reduced. The aim of this study was to use a case study approach to explore and describe support provision in a South African formal school, examining, in particular, the relative significance of leadership, organisational development and gender-related matters in addressing the needs of children made vulnerable by HIV/AIDS and poverty. The availability and quality of this support is analysed within the context of the Western Cape Education Department (WCED) transforming itself from a system focused on controlling schools to a system focused on supporting schools. The reflexive qualitative research approach was decided upon m order to describe and understand how, and to what extent, the teachers and the principal of a poverty-stricken primary school might benefit from the WCED's systemic change processes when addressing issues related to HIV/AIDS and poverty. The methodological rationale for this qualitative research approach forms part of a search for meaning within the cultural context(s) of the school in an effort to understand issues related to HIV/AIDS in schools. The research's second aim was to establish principles for an approach to educational support, which would be applicable in similar situations elsewhere. In the case study, the focus is on the WCED supporting the principal and teachers at a poverty-stricken primary school in carrying out their roles as leaders, teachers and caregivers. In order for the principal and teachers to provide quality support to the learners, they themselves need to receive appropriate forms of support from the education system. For this research to be contextually grounded, questions around HIV/AIDS and the growing number of orphans and vulnerable children in many communities were considered. One of the central questions was: How are the challenges of daily life in the running of a school met where issues related to poverty and health are dominant? Gender-based sexual violence and sexual abuse of children, as well as other social problems affecting learners in the school investigated for this thesis were included in the addressing of the main questions The complexity of the issues involved when exploring the research questions became increasingly more apparent during the research journey of this thesis. I experienced fully the potential of the case study to provide a 'thick' description and contribute significantly to an in-depth understanding of a complex phenomenon from a local and holistic perspective. I was able to focus on how the macro-narratives of support policy connected to the micro-narratives of teachers in primary schools. Based on the findings of the research, I concluded that the problems of HIV/AIDS-affected children, families and communities do not only overlap considerably with the problems related to poverty - a widely held view among researchers - but that poverty-related problems may, indeed, conceal the very existence of HIV/AIDS. The investigation shows that the wide-spread poverty affecting the case school learners, seems to have 'blinded' teachers in terms of 'seeing' the learner in a context of HIV/AIDS. This phenomenon in the case school was observed in spite of the HIV/AIDS Programme Coordinator claiming that the district's teachers had learned to 'see' the learner in ways which they had not prior to the introduction of the WCED's HIV/AIDS Life Skills Programme I trust that the different stakeholders within the field of education and HIV/AIDS will benefit from the findings and recommendations flowing from this investigation. First and foremost, I believe that the lessons learnt from the fieldwork, could be of use to South African stakeholders generally, and, in particular, to the Western Cape Education Department and those working as school support staff at district level (the EMDCs). The findings of the study may provide valuable feedback to the current practices of the school support structures, including the voluntary HIV/AIDS support structure, and form a basis for informed further action by the relevant government departments and other stakeholders in education. In this way, the thesis could contribute to improved formal school support provision in the context of HIV/AIDS, and therefore, serve to enhance the quality of education for all children.