Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-04-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:56:05Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000737488.pdf: 765065 bytes, checksum: 2838b9b15f0909a0ee3d2a23a324a1dd (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / The objective of this research was to determine the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites and molecularly characterize the species of Cryptosporidium spp. in stool samples from lambs under one year old in the city of Alambari, São Paulo. A total of 193 samples were collected in 126 and the same was done counting eggs per gram of feces (EPG) Gordon and Whitlock (1939), to determine the presence of helminths and coccidia of the genus Eimeria. All samples were evaluated by nested-PCR amplification of DNA fragments subunit 18S rRNA gene for Cryptosporidium. By using the Chi- square and/or Fisher was significant association of the presence of intestinal parasites in relation to gender, race and age of the animals. Of the 126 samples analyzed, 71.4% were positive by OPG, identifying 58.9% of eggs of Strongyles, 5.6% of oocysts of Eimeria spp.; Coinfection in 14.4% of Strongyles and Moniezia spp., and 15.5% Strongyles and Eimeria spp., and 5.6% infection by the three parasites. Stool cultures were positive in 16 samples, with observation of genres: 31.3% Haemonchus spp., 12.5% Trichostrongylus spp.; Oesophagsotumum spp. in one, and 50% mixed infection with Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus. To Eimeria spp., the incidence was 19% of the animals, identifying the species: E. crandallis; E. faurei; E. marsica; E. ovinoidalis; E. pallida; E. parva and E. weybridgensis. The nPCR was positive in 15% and sequencing was performed in 19 samples with detection of species: C. xiaoi in 15 samples, C. ubiquituim three, and C. meleagridis in a sample, the latter being considered zoonotic species / FAPESP: 10/52542-3

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been implicated in mediating both innate and adaptive immune responses in inflammatory and infectious diseases. The sequence and structure of MIF is highly conserved across the avian phylogeny, which underlies high sequence homology and functional similarities between turkey and chicken MIFs. Turkey MIF (TkMIF) inhibited cell migration and promoted cell proliferation with production of inflammatory mediators, comparable to the biological properties of chicken MIF (ChMIF), thus indicating the biological cross-reactivity between turkey and chicken MIFs. This study identified the cell surface receptor(s) that could bind ChMIF and the biological roles triggered by such interactions. In addition to CD74, a previously identified receptor, CXCR4 also interacts with ChMIF. Moreover, the formation of receptor complexes was shown between CXCR4 and CD74. MIF signaling through CXCR4 and CD74 led to cell chemotaxis and proliferation activity as well as intracellular calcium influx. Intriguingly, Eimeria MIF (EMIF), a homologue secreted following parasitic infection, also interacted with CD74 leading to comparable biological functions to those of ChMIF. Given such observations, we hypothesized that CXCR4 and CD74 are receptors for ChMIF leading to the functional consequences similarly manifested by EMIF interaction with the corresponding receptors. EMIF, predominantly secreted from the invasive merozoite stage, may help the parasite exploit the host immune response by interacting with common ChMIF receptors. This may lead to functional mimicry thus provoking the question of whether EMIF would modulate the biological functions of ChMIF to manipulate the host defense that allows more efficient invasion of the host. To evaluate this concept, a transgenic E. tenella lacking MIF was generated by in vivo passage of E. tenella transfected with a CRISPR plasmid targeting EMIF. Although not fully disrupted, reduction of EMIF expression was observed in the transgenic E. tenella itself as well as in inoculated cells, which resulted in enhanced survival of host cells. Herein, we achieved a better characterization of the functional roles of both avian and parasite MIFs underlying the interaction with common host receptors, along with the essential role of parasite MIF promoting host cell death during parasitic infection. / PHD / When animals get infected or injured, their immune system senses invading pathogens or damaged tissues as danger signals, which often elicits the production of inflammatory mediators. These are chemical messengers secreted mostly by immune cells that initiate cellular communication and infiltration of immune cells to the infection/damaged site leading to inflammatory responses to eliminate the infectious agents and repair damaged tissues. Among many inflammatory mediators, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is involved in inflammatory and immune response by regulating cell migration. Interestingly, MIF is secreted by Eimeria parasites (that cause the costly coccidiosis disease in poultry) as well as by chickens (host animal) after infection with this pathogen. Toward a better understanding of the impacts of both avian and parasite MIFs on the host immune response, three specific studies were completed. First, MIF displayed high degree of gene sequence identity and functional similarity between chicken and turkey, supporting the evolutionarily conservation of MIF across birds. The second study identified the MIF receptors and their complexes, which engage in the biological functions of chicken MIF. Through binding to these cell surface receptors, chicken MIF can regulate cell migration and proliferation with calcium release. Intriguingly, Eimeria MIF secreted after parasitic infection is able to bind the same receptors leading to comparable biological functions to those of chicken MIF. Lastly, the role of Eimeria MIF was further evaluated by disrupting its gene in the parasite. Although not fully disrupted in the transgenic parasites, its expression was decreased resulting in enhanced survival of host cells, thus suggesting a deleterious effect of Eimeria MIF on the host, as well as its potential as a therapeutic target to control coccidiosis in poultry.

Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, die Stallkokzidiose bei Sauglämmern in drei verschiedenen Lämmermastbetrieben anhand der klinischen Ausprägung und parasitologischer Parameter zu charakterisieren und zu vergleichen. Daneben wurden die Prävalenzen der am Infektionsgeschehen beteiligten Eimeria spp. untersucht und verglichen sowie morphometrische Merkmale ihrer Oozysten bestimmt. Des Weiteren wurde die Effektiviät einer metaphylaktischen Behandlung mit Toltrazuril im Vergleich zu unbehandelten Kontrolltieren untersucht. Ebenso wurden jeweils metaphylaktische und therapeutische Behandlungen mit Toltrazuril und Diclazuril miteinander und mit unbehandelten Kontrolltieren verglichen. Die Daten wurden im Zuge zweier Feldstudien erhoben, wobei die Kontrollgruppen für die epidemiologischen Untersuchungen genutzt wurden. In Studie 1, welche multizentrisch in drei verschiedenen Lämmermastbetrieben (A, B und C) in Sachsen-Anhalt und mit 120 Lämmern durchgeführt wurde, wurden zwei Gruppen gebildet: eine Kontrollgruppe und eine Toltrazuril-behandelte Gruppe, deren Lämmer metaphylaktisch eine einmalige orale Behandlung mit dem Wirkstoff (Baycox® 5% Suspension, Bayer HealthCare, Leverkusen) in der Dosierung von 20 mg/kg Körpergewicht etwa 12 Tage nach dem angenommenen Infektionszeitpunkt erhielten. Bei Studie 2, welche nur in Betrieb C stattfand, wurden aus weiteren 86 Lämmern drei Gruppen gebildet: eine metaphylaktische und eine therapeutische Diclazurilgruppe (Vecoxan®, Janssen, Belgien, Dosierung von 1 mg/kg Körpergewicht) und eine therapeutische Toltrazurilgruppe (Dosierung wie bei Studie 1). Diese wurden mit den Gruppen aus Studie 1 (Betrieb C) verglichen. Die therapeutische Behandlung wurde nach Beginn der Oozystenausscheidung (innerhalb von 48 Stunden nach Ausscheidung bei mindestens 10 % der Tiere der entsprechenden Gruppe) verabreicht. Es erfolgten über einen Zeitraum von 37 Tagen regelmäßige Entnahmen von Kotproben, bei denen die Oozystenausscheidung sowie die Kotkonsistenz bestimmt wurden. In Stichproben wurden die beteiligten Eimeria spp. differenziert. Ebenso wurden die Lämmer regelmäßig klinisch untersucht und die Gewichtsentwicklung anhand dreier Wägungen bestimmt. Kokzidiosen, welche sich subklinisch oder mit milden bis moderaten klinischen Symptomen manifestierten, traten in allen drei untersuchten Betrieben auf. Jedes Lamm schied mindestens einmal im Verlauf der Studie Oozysten aus, und die Erkrankung breitete sich rasch im Bestand aus. Ein typischer Verlauf der Befallsintensität, mit einem raschen Anstieg zu einem Maximum mit folgendem stetigen Absinken, konnte beobachtet werden. Insgesamt wurden 9 (Betrieb B) bzw. 12 (Betriebe A und C) Eimeria-Arten identifiziert. Es handelte sich (in absteigender Reihenfolge nach ihrer Prävalenz) um: E. ovinoidalis, E. faurei, E. parva, E. bakuensis, E. granulosa, E. crandallis, E. pallida, E. marsica, E. weybridgensis, E. ahsata, E. punctata und E. intricata. E. ovinoidalis war die prädominierende Art, sowohl bei der Höhe der Oozystenausscheidung und auch hinsichtlich der Prävalenz (> 90% in allen drei Betrieben). Das Auftreten von E. punctata in Deutschland wurde mit der vorliegenden Arbeit erstmals beschrieben. Infektionen mit drei bis fünf Eimeria spp. überwogen. Morphometrische Daten der Oozysten der nachgewiesenen Eimeria-Arten wurden dokumentiert und können als Hilfestellung für Diagnostik oder spätere Studien dienen. Durch die metaphylaktische Gabe von Toltrazuril wurden Höhe und Dauer der Oozystenausscheidung im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe in allen Betrieben signifikant reduziert (Studie 1). Im Hinblick auf die pathogenen Arten E. ovinoidalis und E. crandallis wurde eine signifikante Reduktion des Vorkommens sowie der Ausscheidungshöhe beobachtet. Ebenso wurde die Dauer des kokzidienassoziierten Durchfalls in der Toltrazuril-behandelten Gruppe signifikant im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe reduziert. In Studie 2 wurde die Oozystenausscheidung durch Toltrazuril und Diclazuril sowohl nach metaphylaktischer als auch therapeutischer Gabe signifikant reduziert. Die Ausscheidung von E. ovinoidalis-Oozysten wurde, mit Ausnahme der metapylaktischen Diclazurilgruppe, in den Behandlungsgruppen im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe gesenkt. Der kokzidienassoziierte Durchfall wurde ebenfalls in allen behandelten Gruppen im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe reduziert. Im Hinblick auf die untersuchten Parameter konnte für das Toltrazuril eine höhere Wirksamkeit im Vergleich zu Diclazuril festgestellt werden. Bezüglich der Gewichtsentwicklungen wurden in beiden Studien im Versuchszeitraum aufgrund der milden bis moderaten bzw. subklinischen Manifestation der Kokzidiose keine signifikanten Unterschiede festgestellt. Bei Lämmermastbetrieben mit intensiver Haltung ist eine Überwachung der Lämmer in der kritischen Phase (2-8 Wochen nach der Geburt) angezeigt, da mit Eimeria-Infektionen jedes Tieres und einer daraus resultierenden Kokzidiose zu rechnen ist und die Gefahr eines kritischen Vorkommens von E. ovinoidalis besteht. Für die medikamentelle Bekämpfung der Lämmerkokzidiose sind sowohl Diclazuril als auch Toltrazuril geeignet, wobei für das Toltrazuril eine deutlich höhere Reduktion der Oozystenausscheidung und des damit assoziierten Durchfalls festgestellt werden konnte. / The aim of the present studies was to characterise and compare coccidiosis in housed lambs of three different lamb fattening farms on the basis of the clinical symptoms and parasitological parameters. In addition, prevalences of the Eimeria spp. involved in the infection were determined and compared and morphological characteristics of their oocysts were determined. Furthermore, the efficacy of a metaphylactical treatment with toltrazuril was investigated in comparison to untreated control animals. Likewise efficacies of metaphylactical as well as therapeutical treatments with toltrazuril and diclazuril were compared with each other and to untreated controls. The data were collected in the course of two field studies, whereby the control groups were used for the epidemiological investigations. In study 1, which was conducted as a multicentric study in three different lamb fattening farms (A, B and C) in Saxony-Anhalt using 120 lambs, two study groups were formed: a control group and a toltrazuril-treated group. Lambs of the latter received a single oral treatment with toltrazuril (Baycox® 5% Suspension, Bayer HealthCare, Leverkusen) in a dose rate of 20 mg/kg body weight on the 12th day after the supposed infection time. In study 2, which was conducted only in farm C, three study groups with different treatment regimens were formed out of 86 additional lambs: a metaphylactical and a therapeutical diclazuril-group (Vecoxan®, Janssen, Belgien, dose rate 1 mg/kg body weight) and a therapeutical toltrazuril-group (dose rate as in study 1). These groups were compared with the study groups of study 1 (farm C). Therapeutical treatment took place after the onset of oocyst excretion (within 48 hours after 10% of the lambs of the respective groups showed oocyst excretion). During a time period of 37 days faecal samples were collected regularly and oocyst excretion and faecal consistency were determined. In randomly chosen samples the Eimeria spp. involved were differentiated. In addition, clinical examination of the lambs was carried out regularly and the body weight was determined at three time points of the study. Coccidiosis with subclinical or mild to moderate clinical manifestation occurred in all three investigated farms. Every lamb excreted oocysts at least once during the study, and the disease spread rapidly within the herd. A typical course of excretion intensity with a rapid incline to a maximum followed by a continuous decline, was encountered. A total of 9 (farm B) or 12 (farms A and C) Eimeria species were identified, respectively. The following species were recorded (in decreasing order according to their prevalence): E. ovinoidalis, E. faurei, E. parva, E. bakuensis, E. granulosa, E. crandallis, E. pallida, E. marsica, E. weybridgensis, E. ahsata, E. punctata and E. intricata. E. ovinoidalis was the predominant species both with regard to the oocyst excretion rate and the prevalence (> 90% in all farms). The occurrence of E. punctata in Germany was described by the present study for the first time. Infections with three to five Eimeria species were the most common. Morphometrical data of the oocysts were collected and may provide assistance for diagnostic purposes or prospective studies. In all farms rate and duration of oocyst excretion were significantly reduced by metaphylactical treatment with toltrazuril (study 1). With regard to the pathogenic species E. ovinoidalis and E. crandallis a significant reduction of occurrence and excretion rate was observed. Likewise, the duration of the coccidia-related diarrhoea in the toltrazuril-treated group was reduced significantly compared to the control group. In study 2 oocyst excretion was reduced significantly after both metaphylactical and therapeutical treatment with toltrazuril and diclazuril compared to the control group. Excretion of E. ovinoidalis-oocysts was reduced in the treated groups, except for the metaphylactical diclazuril group. Coccidia-related diarrhoea was reduced in all treated groups in comparison to the untreated control group. With respect to the examined parameters a higher efficacy of toltrazuril was observed compared to diclazuril. Regarding the development of body weight in both studies no significant group differences were observed due to the mild to moderate clinical symptoms of coccidiosis or due to the subclinical manifestation, respectively. In lamb-fattening farms with an intensive rearing system the monitoring of lambs in the critical phase (2-8 weeks after birth) is advisable because Eimeria-infection of every lamb resulting in coccidiosis have to be expected and a risk of critical occurrence of E. ovinoidalis has to be taken into account. For the control of lamb coccidiosis metaphylactical as well as therapeutical application of toltrazuril or diclazuril are suitable. However, toltrazuril showed a higher reduction of oocyst excretion and coccidia-related diarrhoea.

A study was made of the effects of temperatures and chemicals on the unsporulated and sporulated oocysts of Eimeria stiedae. In general, oocysts were affected by temperatures lower than -10 C and above +39 C, while normal development occurred between these temperatures. Unsporulated oocysts were more tolerant to temperature extremes, as they survived up to 8 days at 39 C and 12 days at -28 C. Sporulated oocysts were killed after 24 hours storage at 39 C and 4 days at -28 C. Oocyst resistance to low temperatures was not improved if unsporulated and sporulated oocysts were conditioned before and after storage at a low temperature. Presumably, the conditioning period only increased the time oocysts were exposed to cold temperatures and, therefore, reduced their development. Most chemicals and bactericidal agents had little effect on the oocysts. Only ethyl alcohol (95%), ammonium hydroxide (1 M), phenol (.1 M), and mercuric chloride (10-5 M) of those tested prevented sporulation of unsporulated oocysts. With the exception of ammonium hydroxide (1 M), sporulated oocysts developed after treatment with these chemicals.

Five experiments were conducted comparing differential intestinal immune responses to two isolates of Eimeria acervulina (EA), EA1 and EA2. In three experiments, broiler chicks were divided into control (non-challenged), EA1, or EA2 challenged (14 days of age) groups. On day 6 post-challenge (PC), changes in body weight were determined, intestinal lesions were scored, and duodenal tissue was evaluated for morphometric alterations and mucosal mast cell responses. EA1 produced duodenal lesions and reduced villus height to crypt depth ratios when compared to controls; however, no differences were found in mast cell counts. EA2 produced differing results, and observed data were suggestive of an intestinal secretory response when compared to EA1 or controls. In Experiment 4, tissues were analyzed from day 2 through day 6 PC. Villus atrophy and crypt hyperplasia were heightened on day 5 PC in both challenged groups. Mast cell counts were significantly greater on days 3 and 4 PC in EA1 birds. In Experiment 5, EA2 oocysts were cleaned with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite to evaluate the possibility of a bacterial contaminant contributing to the pathogenesis of intestinal alterations. Weight gains were decreased by challenge and villus heights and crypt depths were significantly altered in challenged birds, resulting in lower villus to crypt ratios, however, there were no differences in mast cell number. These data are indicative of differential host response and immunovariability between different isolates of the same Eimeria species and are suggestive of mast cell involvement in coccidial immunity in broiler chickens. / Master of Science

No presente trabalho avaliou-se o efeito antiparasitário de uma preparação probiótica constituída por quatro espécies de lactobacilos, L. casei ATCC 7469, L. plantarum ATCC 8014, L. fermentum ATCC 9338 e L. acidophillus ATCC 4536, no tratamento da eimeriose aviária causada por Eimeria acervulina. Para tanto, foram utilizados 120 animais, da espécie Gallus gallus, machos, com 14 dias de idade, distribuídos em seis grupos, sendo o Grupo 1 constituído por animais tratados apenas com água e ração (controle negativo); Grupo 2 constituído por animais que receberam diariamente uma dose da preparação probiótica contendo 1x108 UFC/mL; Grupo 3 constituído por animais infectados experimentalmente com 2x105 oocistos esporulados de Eimeria acervulina (controle positivo) e Grupo 4 onde os animais receberam diariamente uma dose da preparação probiótica contendo 1x108 UFC/mL durante o período do experimento e após 7 dias do início do tratamento, foram infectados com 2x105 oocistos esporulados de E. acervulina; no Grupo 5 os animais foram infectados com 2x105 oocistos esporulados de E. acervulina e paralelamente receberam uma dose diária da preparação probiótica em estudo contendo 1x108 UFC/mL; no Grupo 6 os animais foram infectados com 2x105 oocistos esporulados de E. acervulina e após o surgimento dos sinais clínicos da infecção passaram a receber diariamente uma dose da preparação probiótica contendo 1x108 UFC/mL, até o final do experimento. Durante 28 dias, semanalmente, amostras de sangue e fezes foram coletadas para determinação de OoPG, testes bioquímicos e parâmetros zootécnicos. Exames de fezes foram realizados diariamente para se determinar os períodos pré-patente e patente do parasita, bem como o efeito da preparação probiótica no combate a infecção. Os resultados demonstraram que a preparação probiótica em estudo reduziu a infecção intestinal causada por Eimeria acervulina, contribuindo para o bem estar animal. Referente aos parâmetros bioquímicos verificou-se efeito significativo sobre o perfil lipídico no 4º dia pós infecção, não sendo observado diferenças significativas para os demais parâmetros. No tocante ao desempenho zootécnico, verificou-se que a preparação probiótica não resultou em diferenças significativas em relação ao ganho de peso, eficiência e conversão alimentar dos animais avaliados. / This study evaluated the antiparasitic effect of a probiotic preparation which consisted of four species of lactobacilli (Lactobacillus casei ATCC 7469, L. plantarum ATCC 8014, L. fermentum ATCC 9338 and L. acidophilus ATCC 4536) in the treatment of eimeriosis in broilers caused by Eimeria acervulina. Therefore, during 28 days, 120 animals of Gallus gallus species, males, 14 days old, were distributed in six groups, as follow: Group 1 the animals received only feed and water \"ad libidum\" (negative control); Group 2 consisted of animals that received a daily dose of probiotic preparation which contained 1x108 CFU/mL; Group 3 the animals were experimentally infected with 2x105 oocysts of Eimeria acervulina (positive control); Group 4 the birds received a daily dose of probiotic preparation containing 1x108 CFU / mL during the experiment and after 7 days of the treatment beginning, these animals were infected with 2x105 oocysts of E. acervulina; Group 5 was composed by animals that were infected with 2x105 oocysts of the parasite and simultaneously received a daily dose of probiotic preparation containing 1x108 CFU / ml, Group 6 the animals were infected with 2x105 oocysts of E. acervulina and after clinical signs of infection were noticed, the birds were treated daily with a dose of the probiotic preparation containing 1x108 CFU / mL until the end of the experiment. During 28 days six blood and feces samples were collected and parameters such as oocyst elimination, histopathological, and biochemical were evaluated. Stool examinations were performed daily to determine the parasite prepatent and patent periods, and the probiotic effect on the infection. The results showed that the probiotic preparation under study reduced the intestinal infection caused by Eimeria acervulina, contributing to animal welfare. Regarding the biochemical parameters there was a significant effect on the lipid profile on the 4th day after infection, and no significant differences were observed for the other parameters. With regard to zootechnical performance, it was found that the probiotic preparation resulted in no significant differences in weight gain, and in feed conversion efficiency.

Eimeria tenella é umas das principais espécies que causam a coccidiose aviária. Para se estudar o perfil de expressão gênico quantitativo em estágios infectantes bibliotecas de LongSAGE foram geradas a partir de merozoítos e esporozoítos. Mais de 35.000 tags foram obtidas, das quais, 9.516 eram únicas. Para a identificação e anotação de genes diferencialmente expressos, as tags foram extraídas, contadas e analisadas estatisticamente por um pacote desenvolvido pelo nosso grupo, SAGE Analysis. Um total de 197 seqüências foram reconstruídas e anotadas automaticamente. Foi observado uma expressão estágio-específica e perfil transcricional distinto entre os estágios. Em merozoítos, foram encontradas proteínas envolvidas na tradução e manutenção da conformação protéica e em esporozoítos, os resultados positivos foram relacionados à cromatina, transporte e atividade catalítica. Para validação da técnica, a expressão diferencial de um pequeno conjunto de genes foi quantificada por RT-qPCR. Os resultados demonstraram uma boa correlação entre estas duas plataformas. / Eimeria tenella is one of the most important causing agents of poultry coccidiosis. To study the quantitative gene expression profile in zoite stages of LongSage libraries were generated from merozoites and sporozoites. More than 35.000 tags were obtained, whose 9.516 were unique. For identification and annotation of differential expressed genes, tags were extracted, counted and submitted to statistical analysis by Sage Analysis, software developed by our group. A total of 197 tags were reconstructed and automatic annotated. Stage-specific expression genes and distinct transcriptional profile were observed between these stages. In merozoites the results were related to protein translation and folding, and in sporozoites the proteins were involved to chromatin structure, transport and catalytic activity. To LongSAGE validation, differential expression was quantified using RT-qPCR to a small group of genes. Good correlation was observed between these platforms.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:16:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruno Pereira Berto1.pdf: 2100000 bytes, checksum: 7c975b30da67285bf2c8d87c9e105bc9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-02 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Coccidiosis associated with the genera Eimeria Schneider, 1875 and Isospora Schneider, 1881 in the order Passeriformes are reported for more than two centuries. This study aimed to contribute to the morphology and systematic of coccidian parasites of the order Passeriformes, providing scientific basis for identification of parasite species of birds from North, South and Central America. The coccidia were organized and grouped according to the family of the host, following the concept widely recognized of family-specificity and the systematic of the class Aves updated. Isospora tiesangui, I. marambaiensis, I. sepetibensis, I. cadimi, I. navarroi, I. ramphoceli, I. mionectesi, I. feroxis, I. cagasebi, I. coerebae, I. piacobrai e Eimeria sicki were identified and characterized according to their respective hosts of the order Passeriformes, which inhabit the Atlantic forest of the Marambaia Island, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The main feature of differentiation and identification of these species was the Stieda and substieda bodies, since the morphometric parameters did not provide sufficient differentiation. The specificity of coccidia occurred at the family level, because Ramphocelus bresilius dorsalis and the new hosts Dacnis cayana and Thraupis palmarum, family Thraupidae, were described for the species I. tiesangui, I sepetibensis and I. navarroi, and, similarly, Myiarchus ferox and Leptopogon amaurocephalus, family Tyrannidae, were described for E. sicki. Finally, dichotomous keys for identification were effective for the families Thraupidae and Tyrannidae. / Coccidioses associadas aos g?neros Eimeria e Isospora na ordem Passeriformes s?o relatadas h? mais de dois s?culos. Este trabalho objetivou contribuir para a morfologia e sistem?tica de cocc?dios parasitos da ordem Passeriformes, fornecendo embasamento cient?fico para identifica??o de esp?cies parasitas de aves das Am?ricas do Norte, do Sul e Central. Os cocc?dios foram organizados e agrupados de acordo com a fam?lia do hospedeiro, seguindo o conceito fam?lia-espec?fico, amplamente reconhecido e a sistem?tica da classe Aves atualizada. Isospora tiesangui, I. marambaiensis, I. sepetibensis, I. cadimi, I. navarroi, I. ramphoceli, I. mionectesi, I. feroxis, I. cagasebi, I. coerebae, I. piacobrai e Eimeria sicki foram identificadas e caracterizadas de acordo com seus respectivos hospedeiros da ordem Passeriformes, os quais habitam o bi?topo de sub-bosque da Mata Atl?ntica, Ilha da Marambaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A principal caracter?stica de diferencia??o e identifica??o destas esp?cies foi o complexo corpo de Stieda e substieda, uma vez que o estudo morfom?trico n?o forneceu par?metros suficientes de diferencia??o. A especificidade ocorreu em n?vel de fam?lia, pelo fato de Ramphocelus bresilius dorsalis e os novos hospedeiros Dacnis cayana e Thraupis palmarum, da fam?lia Thraupidae, terem sido descritos para as esp?cies I. tiesangui, I. sepetibensis e I. navarroi, e, da mesma forma, Myiarchus ferox e Leptopogon amaurocephalus, da fam?lia Tyrannidae, foram descritos para E. sicki. Por fim, chaves dicot?micas de identifica??o de esp?cies de cocc?dios parasitas de aves Passeriformes foram efetivadas para as fam?lias Thraupidae e Tyrannidae.

No presente trabalho avaliou-se o efeito antiparasitário de uma preparação probiótica constituída por quatro espécies de lactobacilos, L. casei ATCC 7469, L. plantarum ATCC 8014, L. fermentum ATCC 9338 e L. acidophillus ATCC 4536, no tratamento da eimeriose aviária causada por Eimeria acervulina. Para tanto, foram utilizados 120 animais, da espécie Gallus gallus, machos, com 14 dias de idade, distribuídos em seis grupos, sendo o Grupo 1 constituído por animais tratados apenas com água e ração (controle negativo); Grupo 2 constituído por animais que receberam diariamente uma dose da preparação probiótica contendo 1x108 UFC/mL; Grupo 3 constituído por animais infectados experimentalmente com 2x105 oocistos esporulados de Eimeria acervulina (controle positivo) e Grupo 4 onde os animais receberam diariamente uma dose da preparação probiótica contendo 1x108 UFC/mL durante o período do experimento e após 7 dias do início do tratamento, foram infectados com 2x105 oocistos esporulados de E. acervulina; no Grupo 5 os animais foram infectados com 2x105 oocistos esporulados de E. acervulina e paralelamente receberam uma dose diária da preparação probiótica em estudo contendo 1x108 UFC/mL; no Grupo 6 os animais foram infectados com 2x105 oocistos esporulados de E. acervulina e após o surgimento dos sinais clínicos da infecção passaram a receber diariamente uma dose da preparação probiótica contendo 1x108 UFC/mL, até o final do experimento. Durante 28 dias, semanalmente, amostras de sangue e fezes foram coletadas para determinação de OoPG, testes bioquímicos e parâmetros zootécnicos. Exames de fezes foram realizados diariamente para se determinar os períodos pré-patente e patente do parasita, bem como o efeito da preparação probiótica no combate a infecção. Os resultados demonstraram que a preparação probiótica em estudo reduziu a infecção intestinal causada por Eimeria acervulina, contribuindo para o bem estar animal. Referente aos parâmetros bioquímicos verificou-se efeito significativo sobre o perfil lipídico no 4º dia pós infecção, não sendo observado diferenças significativas para os demais parâmetros. No tocante ao desempenho zootécnico, verificou-se que a preparação probiótica não resultou em diferenças significativas em relação ao ganho de peso, eficiência e conversão alimentar dos animais avaliados. / This study evaluated the antiparasitic effect of a probiotic preparation which consisted of four species of lactobacilli (Lactobacillus casei ATCC 7469, L. plantarum ATCC 8014, L. fermentum ATCC 9338 and L. acidophilus ATCC 4536) in the treatment of eimeriosis in broilers caused by Eimeria acervulina. Therefore, during 28 days, 120 animals of Gallus gallus species, males, 14 days old, were distributed in six groups, as follow: Group 1 the animals received only feed and water \"ad libidum\" (negative control); Group 2 consisted of animals that received a daily dose of probiotic preparation which contained 1x108 CFU/mL; Group 3 the animals were experimentally infected with 2x105 oocysts of Eimeria acervulina (positive control); Group 4 the birds received a daily dose of probiotic preparation containing 1x108 CFU / mL during the experiment and after 7 days of the treatment beginning, these animals were infected with 2x105 oocysts of E. acervulina; Group 5 was composed by animals that were infected with 2x105 oocysts of the parasite and simultaneously received a daily dose of probiotic preparation containing 1x108 CFU / ml, Group 6 the animals were infected with 2x105 oocysts of E. acervulina and after clinical signs of infection were noticed, the birds were treated daily with a dose of the probiotic preparation containing 1x108 CFU / mL until the end of the experiment. During 28 days six blood and feces samples were collected and parameters such as oocyst elimination, histopathological, and biochemical were evaluated. Stool examinations were performed daily to determine the parasite prepatent and patent periods, and the probiotic effect on the infection. The results showed that the probiotic preparation under study reduced the intestinal infection caused by Eimeria acervulina, contributing to animal welfare. Regarding the biochemical parameters there was a significant effect on the lipid profile on the 4th day after infection, and no significant differences were observed for the other parameters. With regard to zootechnical performance, it was found that the probiotic preparation resulted in no significant differences in weight gain, and in feed conversion efficiency.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-15T20:31:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DaniellyBA_DISSERT.pdf: 1105814 bytes, checksum: 547eb9a77c1df0cdd115b277598693b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-04 / The gastrointestinal parasites are major obstacle to a goat, with emphasis on eimeriosis considered limiting factor for the exploitation of these animals. Thus, species of the genus Eimeria were studied in dairy goats in a production unit of the municipality of Afonso Bezerra, Rio Grande do Norte, from March 2008 to February 2009. Of the 600 stool samples examined both goat females as young adults, were positive for the presence of Eimeria often respectively 62.2% and 37.8%. Based on the morphology of the oocysts were identified nine species of Eimeria at a higher frequency of E. ninakolhykimovae (28.42%) in young, unlike adults, where he highlighted the E. apsheronica (26.66%). Moreover, were also identified as E. alijevi, E. arloingi, E. hirci, E. jolchijevi, E. christenseni, E. caprovina and E. goats. Regarding the effect of the development phase of the host in morphometric measurements of oocyst and sporocyst species E. alijevi, E. arloingi and E. ninakolhykimovae significant effect (P <0.01) for the major and minor diameters of the oocyst and sporocyst. Already the species E. hirci was significant (P <0.01) only for the major and minor diameters of the sporocyst. For E. jolchijevi was significant (P <0.01) increased the diameter of the sporocyst and the E. apsheronica, only the smaller diameter of the oocyst. / As parasitoses gastrintestinais têm se constituído em um sério obstáculo à caprinocultura, com ênfase para a eimeriose considerada fator limitante para a exploração desses animais. Assim, espécies do gênero Eimeria foram estudadas em caprinos leiteiros em uma unidade produtiva do município de Afonso Bezerra, Rio Grande do Norte, no período de março de 2008 a fevereiro de 2009. Das 600 amostras de fezes examinadas tanto as fêmeas caprinas jovens como as adultas, apresentaram positividade em relação à presença de Eimeria, com frequência respectivamente, de 62,2% e 37,8%. Baseando-se na morfometria dos oocistos esporulados foram identificadas nove espécies do gênero Eimeria com uma maior frequência da E. ninakolhykimovae (28,42%) nos jovens, distintamente dos adultos, onde se destacou a E. apsheronica (26,66%). Ademais, também foram identificadas a E. alijevi, E.arloingi, E. hirci, E. jolchijevi, E. christenseni, E. caprovina e E. caprina. Com relação ao efeito da fase de desenvolvimento do hospedeiro nas medidas morfométricas do oocisto e esporocisto, as espécies E. alijevi, E. arloingi e E. ninakolhykimovae apresentaram efeito significativo (P<0,01) para os diâmetros maior e menor do oocisto e esporocisto. Já a espécie E. hirci foi significativa (P<0,01) apenas para os diâmetros maior e menor do esporocisto. Para a E. jolchijevi foi significativo (P<0,01) o diâmetro maior do esporocisto e para a E.apsheronica, apenas o diâmetro menor do oocisto.