Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-20T17:09:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-03-02. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-20T17:26:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000843824.pdf: 1134206 bytes, checksum: 7e50793b27d7dcb24fe0acd95bbbd5df (MD5) / Poucos são os trabalhos de pesquisa em que probióticos e ácidos orgânicos são testados sinergicamente. Para tanto, conduziu-se um experimento utilizando 900 pintos de corte machos da linhagem Cobb, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2x2+1 (suplementação ou não de probiótico), (suplementação ou não de ácidos orgânicos) e (ração basal com inclusão de antibiótico e anticoccidiano). As aves foram desafiadas com Eimeria acervulina, E. máxima e E. tenella. Os dados de desempenho foram avaliados nos períodos de 1-7, 1-10, 1-14, 1-21 e 1-42 dias, sendo que o antibiótico mostrou-se eficiente em quase todas as fases. Os efeitos do probiótico e dos ácidos orgânicos no desempenho foram pouco conclusivos e o mesmo aconteceu para as características morfométricas avaliadas. Quase não foi notado o efeito sinérgico esperado pela interação entre o probiótico e os ácidos orgânicos. O probiótico aumentou a contagem de bactérias anaeróbias no intestino delgado aos 14 dias enquanto o antibiótico reduziu a contagem das mesmas no mesmo período. O peso relativo e o comprimento do intestino delgado foram menores na presença do antibiótico aos 21 dias, assim como, as características morfometricas avaliadas na mesma idade também diminuíram. Porém, aos 42 dias o efeito sobre o peso relativo, comprimento e morfometria do intestino não diferiram para nenhum dos aditivos testados. Diante do desafio experimental imposto, o probiótico e os ácidos orgânicos mostraram-se pouco eficientes no que se diz respeito à substituição dos antibióticos como melhoradores de desempenho / There are few researches in which probiotics and organic acids are tested synergistically. To this end, we conducted an experiment using 900 broiler chicks males of Cobb, distributed in a completely randomized design in a factorial 2x2 + 1 (supplemented or not with probiotic), (supplemented or not with organic acids) and (basal diet with antibiotic and anticoccidial inclusion). The broilers were challenged with Eimeria acervulina, E. maxima and E. tenella. The performance data were evaluated at periods of 1-7, 1-10, 1-14, 1-21 and 1-42 days, and the antibiotic was efficient in almost every phase. The effects of probiotic and organic acids in the performance were inconclusive and the same happened for the evaluated morphometric characteristics. It was hardly noticed the synergic effect expected by the interaction between the probiotic and organic acids. The probiotic increased the count of anaerobic bacteria in the small intestine after 14 days while the antibiotic reduced the count in the same period. The relative weight and the length of the small intestine were lower in the presence of the antibiotic at 21 days, as well as the morphometric characteristics evaluated in the same age also decreased. However, at the 42° day the effect on the relative size, length and morphology of the intestine did not differ for any of the tested additives. In front of imposed experimental challenge, probiotic and organic acids shown to be inefficient as it concerns the replacement of antibiotics as performance enhancers

Orientador: Silvana Martinez Baraldi Artoni / Banca: Lizandra Amoroso / Banca: Arthur dos Santos Mascioli / Resumo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito das cascas do barbatimão verdadeiro (Stryphnodendron adstringens Mart.) Coville, sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte e a atividade terapêutica no controle da eimeriose aviária. Foi utilizado um total de 700 pintos Cobb, machos, de um dia que foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em cinco tratamentos com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos corresponderam ao controle negativo não infectado, um controle positivo infectado e não tratado, outro controle positivo infectado tratado com salinomicina e dois tratamentos infectados e tratados com 1,5 e 3,00 ppm de barbatimão. As aves foram desafiadas com cepas contendo a espécie de Eimeria maxima. Foram avaliados parâmetros clínicos através da contagem de oocistos nas fezes e mortalidade. Realizou-se a determinação do consumo de ração, conversão alimentar, ganho de peso, peso vivo e viabilidade criatória das aves. Nos índices zootécnicos avaliados houve diferença estatística no consumo de ração nas fases inicial e crescimento. Com 42 dias houve diferença na conversão alimentar, peso vivo e viabilidade criatória. Houve redução da contagem de oocistos nas fezes das aves tratadas com barbatimão 1,5 e 3,00 ppm. No escore de lesão os tratamentos controle positivo desafiado tratado com salinomicina e com barbatimão 3,00 ppm apresentaram as menores médias. Sendo assim, infere-se que o fitoterápico proveniente de cascas moídas de barbatimão nas doses testadas 1,5 e 3,00 ppm auxilia no controle da eimeriose aviária, de forma progressiva à dose utilizada, atuando na redução de oocistos eliminados e no escore de lesão / Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of peels barbatimão true (Stryphnodendron adstringens Mart.) Coville on the performance of broilers and therapeutic activity in the control of avian eimeriosis. Was used a total of 700 Cobb chicks, males of a day that were randomly assigned to five treatments with four replications. The treatments corresponded to the uninfected negative control, a positive control infected and not treated, another positive control treated with salinomycin and infected two treatments infected and treated with 1.5 and 3, 00 ppm barbatimão. Birds were challenged with strains containing the species of Eimeria maxima. Clinical parameters were evaluated by counting oocysts in the feces and mortality. Was carried out to determine the feed intake, feed conversion, weight gain, weight alive and production viability of poultry. Indexes evaluated in statistical difference in feed intake in early and growth. With 42 days was no difference in feed conversion, live weight and production viability. Was reduction of oocyst count in feces of treated birds barbatimão with 1.5 and 3.00 ppm. Injury score in the positive control treatments challenged treated with salinomycin and barbatimão 3.00 ppm had the lowest averages. Accordingly, it is inferred that the herbal medicine from milled peels barbatimão the doses tested 1.5 and 3.00 ppm helps to control avian eimeriosis progressively the dose used, aimed at reducing oocysts eliminated and the lesion score / Mestre

Orientador: Valquíria Cação Cruz-Polycarpo / Banca: Antonio Carlos de Laurentiz / Banca: Ricardo de Albuquerque / Resumo: Poucos são os trabalhos de pesquisa em que probióticos e ácidos orgânicos são testados sinergicamente. Para tanto, conduziu-se um experimento utilizando 900 pintos de corte machos da linhagem Cobb, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2x2+1 (suplementação ou não de probiótico), (suplementação ou não de ácidos orgânicos) e (ração basal com inclusão de antibiótico e anticoccidiano). As aves foram desafiadas com Eimeria acervulina, E. máxima e E. tenella. Os dados de desempenho foram avaliados nos períodos de 1-7, 1-10, 1-14, 1-21 e 1-42 dias, sendo que o antibiótico mostrou-se eficiente em quase todas as fases. Os efeitos do probiótico e dos ácidos orgânicos no desempenho foram pouco conclusivos e o mesmo aconteceu para as características morfométricas avaliadas. Quase não foi notado o efeito sinérgico esperado pela interação entre o probiótico e os ácidos orgânicos. O probiótico aumentou a contagem de bactérias anaeróbias no intestino delgado aos 14 dias enquanto o antibiótico reduziu a contagem das mesmas no mesmo período. O peso relativo e o comprimento do intestino delgado foram menores na presença do antibiótico aos 21 dias, assim como, as características morfometricas avaliadas na mesma idade também diminuíram. Porém, aos 42 dias o efeito sobre o peso relativo, comprimento e morfometria do intestino não diferiram para nenhum dos aditivos testados. Diante do desafio experimental imposto, o probiótico e os ácidos orgânicos mostraram-se pouco eficientes no que se diz respeito à substituição dos antibióticos como melhoradores de desempenho / Abstract: There are few researches in which probiotics and organic acids are tested synergistically. To this end, we conducted an experiment using 900 broiler chicks males of Cobb, distributed in a completely randomized design in a factorial 2x2 + 1 (supplemented or not with probiotic), (supplemented or not with organic acids) and (basal diet with antibiotic and anticoccidial inclusion). The broilers were challenged with Eimeria acervulina, E. maxima and E. tenella. The performance data were evaluated at periods of 1-7, 1-10, 1-14, 1-21 and 1-42 days, and the antibiotic was efficient in almost every phase. The effects of probiotic and organic acids in the performance were inconclusive and the same happened for the evaluated morphometric characteristics. It was hardly noticed the synergic effect expected by the interaction between the probiotic and organic acids. The probiotic increased the count of anaerobic bacteria in the small intestine after 14 days while the antibiotic reduced the count in the same period. The relative weight and the length of the small intestine were lower in the presence of the antibiotic at 21 days, as well as the morphometric characteristics evaluated in the same age also decreased. However, at the 42° day the effect on the relative size, length and morphology of the intestine did not differ for any of the tested additives. In front of imposed experimental challenge, probiotic and organic acids shown to be inefficient as it concerns the replacement of antibiotics as performance enhancers / Mestre

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-04-25T23:51:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MarianyPatriciaWanderleyDeMacedo_DISSERT.pdf: 1476311 bytes, checksum: d40929188702a06876c5f930bd5a5f9e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-28T20:01:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MarianyPatriciaWanderleyDeMacedo_DISSERT.pdf: 1476311 bytes, checksum: d40929188702a06876c5f930bd5a5f9e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:01:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarianyPatriciaWanderleyDeMacedo_DISSERT.pdf: 1476311 bytes, checksum: d40929188702a06876c5f930bd5a5f9e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A caprinocultura e a ovinocultura mostram-se como atividades agropecu?rias de grande import?ncia para o semi?rido nordestino. No entanto, a produ??o de caprinos e ovinos se faz com v?rias dificuldades. Dentre elas as infec??es parasit?rias, em especial as helmintoses do trato gastrintestinal, a eimeriose e a toxoplasmose; esta relacionada com problemas na reprodu??o. Em virtude disso, este trabalho teve como objetivo fazer o levantamento da ocorr?ncia e de alguns determinantes das parasitoses que acometem os rebanhos de pequenos ruminantes das microrregi?es Natal, Maca?ba, Litoral Sul, Angicos, Vale do A?u e Borborema Potiguar. Para isso foram aplicados instrumentos epidemiol?gicos com produtores, tratadores ou respons?veis pelos rebanhos e tamb?m realizadas colheitas de amostras de sangue e fezes dos animais em oito propriedades, localizadas em sete munic?pios dessas microrregi?es. A carga parasit?ria dos animais foi determinada atrav?s da contagem de ovos e oocistos por grama de fezes OPG e OoPG, respectivamente. Al?m disso, foi feita a recupera??o de larvas infectantes. Com as amostras de sangue foram feitas a mensura??o do volume globular e a pesquisa de IgG anti-Toxoplasma gondiino soro sangu?neo dos ovinos, por meio do teste imunoenzim?tico (ELISA). Para as vari?veis discretas, a an?lise estat?sticafoi feita por regress?o de Poisson, com n?vel de signific?ncia menor que 0,05.A an?lise dos instrumentos epidemiol?gicos permitiu observar que a ivermectina ? o antihelm?ntico utilizado em 85,71% das propriedades. Do total de amostras de fezes dos ovinos (n=179) 53,07% apresentaram positividade para ovos de helminto e 48,04% mostraram-se positivas para oocistos de Eimeria. Das amostras de fezes dos caprinos (n=133), 72,18% foram positivas para ovos de helmintos e 96,99% para oocistos de Eimeria. A menor contagem de OPG e de OoPG foi observada na microrregi?o Angicos. A maior contagem de OPG foi encontrada na microrregi?o Litoral Sul e a de OoPG na microrregi?o Borborema Potiguar.Para ambos os casos, a diferen?a foi estatisticamente significante (p?0,000). O g?nero de helminto mais prevalente foi Haemonchus, presente em 49,87% dos ovinos e em 80,42% dos caprinos. A m?dia do hemat?crito variou de 22,91 a 33,25 nos ovinos e de 22,62 a 28,25 nos caprinos. A preval?ncia de IgG anti-Toxoplasma gondii variou de 63,33% a 100,00%. Os caprinos mostraram-se mais suscept?veis ?s infec??es por parasitos do trato gastrintestinal do que os ovinos. Em todas as propriedades foi observada elevada preval?ncia de infec??o por T. gondii, sendo as menores porcentagens registradas nas microrregi?es Angicos e Borborema Potiguar. / The goat and sheep industry shows up as an agricultural activity of great importance for the semiarid Northeast. However, the sheep and goats production is made with various difficulties. Among them, parasitic infections, particularly helminth infections of the gastrointestinal tract, the eimeriosis and toxoplasmosis; this one related to problems in reproduction. For this reason, the aim of this study is to to make a survey of the occurrence and some determinants of parasitic diseases that affect small ruminant flocks of the microregions Natal, Maca?ba, Litoral Sul, Angicos, Vale do A?u and Borborema Potiguar. Thereunto, epidemiological tools were applied with producers, keepers or guardians of herds and also held collections of blood and feces of animals in eight properties located in seven municipalities of these microregions. The parasite load of the animals was determined through eggs and oocysts counting per gram of feces EPG and OPG, respectively. In addition, the recovery of infective larvae was made. Blood samples were used to measure the globular cell volume and the search for anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG in sheep serum, by Enzyme Linked Immune Sorbent Assay (ELISA). For categorical variables, the statistical analysis was performed using Poisson regression, with significance level of 0.05. The analysis of the instruments showed that ivermectin is the anthelmintic used in 85,71% of properties. From the total of feces samples of the sheep (n = 179), 53,07% were positive for helminth eggs and 48,04% were positive for oocysts of Eimeria. From the samples of faeces of goats (n = 133), 72,18% were positive for helminth eggs and 96,99% for oocysts of Eimeria. The lowest EPG and OPG count was observed in the micro region of Angicos. Most of the EPG count was found in the micro region Litoral Sul and the OPG count in the micro-region Borborema Potiguar. Both cases the difference was statistically significant(p- value?0,000)The most prevalent helminth genus found was Haemonchus, present in 49,87% of the sheep and 80,42% of goats. The average of hematocrit ranged from 22,91 to 33,25 in sheep and from 22,62 to 28,25 in goats. The prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG ranged from 63,33% to 100,00%. The goats showed to be more susceptible to infections by parasites of the gastrointestinal tract than the sheep. In all the properties was observed high prevalence of infection by T. gondii, with the lowest percentages recorded in the micro regions Angicos and Borborema Potiguar.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-02-20T23:49:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AlanaKarinaMirandaDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 2248771 bytes, checksum: fa3f2de8391ad8509c18c1e3b35755b8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-02T23:24:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AlanaKarinaMirandaDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 2248771 bytes, checksum: fa3f2de8391ad8509c18c1e3b35755b8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-02T23:24:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlanaKarinaMirandaDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 2248771 bytes, checksum: fa3f2de8391ad8509c18c1e3b35755b8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A caprinocultura ? uma atividade amplamente explorada nos pa?ses tropicais e apresenta grande import?ncia social e econ?mica. A despeito disso, muitas doen?as afetam os caprinos dentre as quais, as parasitoses. Nesse contexto, alguns parasitos do filo Apicomplexa s?o de grande import?ncia, devido ?s altas preval?ncias, impacto sobre a produtividade e a reprodu??o dos animais, al?m do car?ter zoon?tico de algumas esp?cies. O objetivo desse trabalho foi monitorar as infec??es por Eimeria spp.,Criptosporidium spp.e Toxoplasma gondii em matrizes caprinas da ra?a Canind?, criadas em regime semi-intensivo, na Esta??o Experimental Terras Secas, Pedro Avelino, Rio Grande do Norte. As colheitas das amostras de fezes e de sangue foram realizadas no per?odo de agosto de 2010 a julho de 2011. Para monitorar a infec??o por Eimeria spp. foi realizada a contagem de oocistos por grama de fezes (OoPG) e a identifica??o das esp?cies com base em par?metros morfol?gicos e morfom?tricos dos oocistos esporulados. A infec??o por Cryptosporidium spp. foi verificada pela pesquisa de oocistos em esfrega?os fecais corados pela t?cnica de Zielh-Neelsen modificado. Para monitorar as infec??es por T. gondii foi realizado o teste ELISA convencional e de avidez. A an?lise estatistica para a correla??o entre a m?dia de elimina??o de oocistos e a intensidade de chuvas foi verificada atrav?s do teste t para os coeficientes de regress?o. E para a correla??o entre a elimina??o de oocistos e o estado reprodutivo das matrizes, foi feito uma analise de vari?ncia. As an?lises estat?sticas foram feitas utilizando o programa R Core Team, vers?o 2015, admitindo-se n?vel de signific?ncia de 0,05%. Os oocistos de Eimeria foram detectados em 85,24% das amostras de fezes. Foram identificadas nove esp?cies de Eimeria: E. alijevi, E. arloingi, E. apsheronica, E. caprovina, E. christenseni, E. hirci, E. joechijevi, E. ninakohlyakimovae e E. caprina. A intensidade da precipita??o mostrou rela??o com a elimina??o de oocistos. Nos meses em que a intensidade pluviom?trica foi superior a 100 mm houve maior elimina??o de oocistos nas fezes (p=0,00). As matrizes gestantes e paridas eliminaram mais oocistos de Eimeria do que as secas, sendo essa diferen?a estatisticamente significante (p=0,00). Dos 405 esfrega?os fecais examinados, nove apresentaram oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp., representando 2,20% das amostras; sendo os oocistos presentes em uma amostra colhida em agosto, uma em janeiro, tr?s em fevereiro, tr?s em mar?o e uma em junho. Das 215 amostras de soro testadas pelo teste ELISA, 93 (43,26%) foram consideradas reativas para T.gondii. A maior taxa de reatividade foi verificada no m?s de julho de 2011 (94,10%). Nas amostras consideradas reativas, foi realizado o teste ELISA de avidez de anticorpos das quais 65 (69,90%) apresentaram anticorpos de alta avidez, indicativo de infec??o cr?nica e 28 (30,10%) apresentaram anticorpos de baixa avidez, indicativo de infec??o aguda. A infec??o por Eimeria spp. se constitui um problema para o rebanho j? que as cinco esp?cies consideradas patog?nicas para caprinos foram observadas com alta preval?ncia, ao longo de todo o per?odo do estudo. A infec??o por Cryptosporidium spp. apresenta baixo risco, mas este ? cont?nuo, j? que a elimina??o de oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. ocorreu em diversos momentos ao longo de tempo do estudo. O risco de transmiss?o vertical de T. gondii pode ser considerado alto, j? que aproximadamente um ter?o dessas matrizes estava na fase aguda da infec??o. / The goat production is a widely exploited activity in tropical countries and has great social and economic importance. Despite this, many diseases affect goats among which, parasitosis. In this context, some parasites of the phylum Apicomplexa are of great importance, due to high prevalence, impact on productivity and reproduction of animals, in addition to zoonotic's characteristics of some species. The aim of this study was to monitor the infections by Eimeria spp., Cryptosporidium spp.e Toxoplasma gondii in goats matrices of Canind? breed, raised in semi-intensive regime at the Experimental Station Terras Secas, Pedro Avelino, Rio Grande do Norte. Crops of stool samples and blood were carried out from August 2010 to July 2011. To monitor Eimeria spp. Infection it was realized the oocyst count per gram of feces (OoPG) and the identification of species based on morphological and morphometric parameters of sporulated oocysts. The infection by Cryptosporidium spp. was verified by oocyst's search in fecal smears stained with modified Zielh- Neelsen technique. To monitor infection by T. gondii was performed the conventional ELISA and avidity. The statistical analysis of the correlation between the average oocysts disposal and intensity of rainfall was verified by the t test for the regression coefficients. And the correlation between the oocysts shedding and reproductive status of matrices, it was made an analysis of variance. Statistical analyzes were performed using the R Core Team program, version 2015, assuming a significance level of 0.05%. Eimeria oocysts were detected in 85.24% of feces samples. Nine species of Eimeria have been identified: E. alijevi, E. arloingi, E. apsheronica, and. caprovina, E. christenseni, E. hirci, E. joechijevi, E. Ninakohlyakimovae e, E. caprina. The intensity of rainfall is related to the elimination of oocysts in the months in which the rainfall intensity was greater than 100 mm there was a greater elimination of oocysts in the feces (p = 0.00). Pregnant and calved matrices tend to eliminate more oocysts of Eimeria than dry, and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.00). Of 405 fecal smears examined, nine were Cryptosporidium spp, representing 2.20% of the samples.; being the oocysts present in a sample taken in August, one in January, three in February, three in March and one in June. Of the 215 serum samples tested by ELISA, 93 (43.26%) were considered reactive to T. gondii. The greater reactivity rate was observed in July 2011 (94.10%). In the samples considered reactive, it was performed the ELISA test of antibody avidity of which 65 (69.90%) had high avidity antibodies, indicative of chronic infection and 28 (30.10%) had low avidity, indicative of acute infection. The infection by Eimeria spp. constitutes a problem for the flock since the five considered pathogenic species for goats were observed with high prevalence throughout the study period. The infection by Cryptosporidium spp. a low risk, but this is continuous, since the elimination of Cryptosporidium spp. It occurred at several points over the study time. The risk of vertical transmission of T. gondii can be considered high, since approximately one third of matrices were in the acute phase of infection.

On two farms in a two-year period (spring 2005,autumn 2005, spring 2006, autumn 2006) calves faecal samples from the rectum or from the floor were obtained for parasitologic examination. A total of 560 samples from 209 calves were examined using the floatation method in Sheather's sugar solution. In positive samples the presence of Giardia intestinalis cysts, Cryptosporidium parvum, C. andersoni and Eimeria spp. oocysts was found. The infection by C. parvum was the highest from the 1st to the 3rd week and the infection by C. andersoni was the highest from the 7th to the 8th week of the calves age. In both breedings Coccidia Eimeria spp. was the most diagnosed, followed by G. intestinalis. With calves bred in stables by two a higher probability of parasitic infection was detected (46,9 %) compared to breeding of calves in outer individual boxes (17,6). The excrements of the calves were mainly of pasty or even of mushy consistence and the prevalence of the parasites was in most cases diagnosed in single infections.

Submitted by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2017-09-12T15:05:04Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação - Luciana da Silva Brito.pdf: 1123595 bytes, checksum: ae18a19335fe4f2a2bd36e831b9ac2fd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2017-09-12T15:05:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação - Luciana da Silva Brito.pdf: 1123595 bytes, checksum: ae18a19335fe4f2a2bd36e831b9ac2fd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2017-09-12T15:05:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação - Luciana da Silva Brito.pdf: 1123595 bytes, checksum: ae18a19335fe4f2a2bd36e831b9ac2fd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-12T15:05:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação - Luciana da Silva Brito.pdf: 1123595 bytes, checksum: ae18a19335fe4f2a2bd36e831b9ac2fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-30 / The poultry industry is an important economic activity in many countries. In large-scale installations of creation, which birds are exposed to stressors, problems related to diseases and deteriorating environmental conditions often occur and result in serious economic losses. Despite being a relatively old disease, coccidiosis is still one of the main diseases causing economic losses in broilers and breeders. This study aims to evaluate the metabolic and pathological changes in broilers experimentally infected with oocysts of Eimeria maxima. The research was conducted at the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), located in the municipality of Araguaína - TO, being performed the experimental protocol and analysis husbandry, in the Histology Laboratory of the Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM ) in Manaus-AM, where I made the preparation and analysis of histological slides, and the Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the Regional Hospital of Coari, from Coari - AM, where biochemical analyzes were performed. To perform the experiment, we used 150 broiler strain cooB males, with ten days of age were randomized according to weight and randomly assigned to two experimental groups: control group was inoculated with 0.5 ml of distilled water; infected group inoculated with 0.5 ml of solution containing 5x104 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria maxima. The live performance was evaluated at 0 (day of inoculation), 5 °, 10 °, 15 °, 25 ° and 35 ° dpi, being slaughtered by cervical dislocation, fifteen birds / group. The first clinical signs were noticeable on the 5th dpi, where the birds showed apathy followed by fetid diarrhea, mucoid, ruffled feathers and lower weight gain compared with the control group of birds. At the end of the experiment the control group produced 28.839 kg of meat infected group and 28.053 kg of meat of chickens used in the study. Although the sum in beef production was higher in the control group The weight of the heart and gizzard of the experimental animals showed no significant difference, because the liver had difference on day 5 °, 15 ° and 35 ° dpi. As for hematócrit experimental chickens showed no significant difference (p> 0.05) from baseline to the end of the experiment, 5 ° - 35 ° dpi. Protein levels remained significant (p <0.05) on all days of collection. The pathologic evaluation showed congested mucosa and presence of large amounts of mucus at 6 dpi. Therefore, it is concluded that the dose of 5x103 E. Maximum inoculated in the experimental group was enough to cause harm to the animal organism. / A avicultura é considerada uma importante atividade econômica em diversos países. Em instalações de grande escala de criação, onde aves são expostas a fatores estressantes, problemas relacionados a doenças e deterioração das condições ambientais ocorrem freqüentemente e resultam em graves perdas econômicas. Apesar de ser uma doença relativamente antiga, a coccidiose ainda é uma das principais enfermidades causadoras de perdas econômicas em frangos de corte e reprodutoras. O presente trabalho visa avaliar as alterações patológicas e metabólicas em frangos de corte infectados experimentalmente com oocistos esporulados de Eimeria maxima. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), localizada no município de Araguaína – TO, onde foram realizados o protocolo experimental e as análises zootécnicas; no Laboratório de Histologia da Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), em Manaus-AM, onde foram realizadas a confecção e análise das lâminas histológicas; e no Laboratório de Análises Clinicas do Hospital Regional de Coari, município de Coari – AM, onde foram feitas as análises bioquímicas. Para realização do experimento, foram utilizados 150 frangos de corte da linhagem Coob, machos, com dez dias de idade, randomizados de acordo com o peso e distribuídos em dois grupos experimentais: grupo controle, sendo inoculado com 0,5 ml de água destilada; grupo infectado, inoculado com 0,5ml de solução contendo 5x104 oocistos esporulados de Eimeria maxima. O desempenho zootécnico foi avaliado no 0 (dia da inoculação), 5°, 10°, 15°, 25° e 35° dpi, sendo abatidas, por deslocamento cervical, quinze aves/grupo. Os primeiros sinais clínicos foram perceptíveis no 5º dpi, onde as aves apresentaram apatia seguida de diarreia fétida, mucóide, penas eriçadas e ganho de peso inferior quando comparado com as aves do grupo controle. Ao final do experimento o grupo controle produziu 28,839 kg de carne e o grupo infectado 28,053kg de carne dos frangos utilizados no trabalho. Apesar da somatória na produção da carne ter sido maior no grupo controle O peso do coração e da moela dos animais experimentais não apresentou diferença significativa, já o fígado teve diferença no dia 5°, 15° e 35° dpi. Quanto ao hematócrito os frangos experimentais não apresentaram diferença significativa (p>0,05) desde o início do experimento até o final, 5° - 35°dpi. Os níveis de proteínas mantiveram- se significantes (p<0,05) em todos os dias de coleta. A avaliação patológica evidenciou mucosa congesta e presença de grande quantidade de muco no 6º dpi. Diante disso, conclui- se que a dose de 5x103 de E. maxima inoculada no grupo experimental foi suficiente para ocasionar danos ao organismo animal.

The prophylactic use of antibiotics is rapidly being phased out of poultry operations. Diseases such as coccidiosis are extremely costly, and typically prevented with coccidiostats and antibiotics. New regulation banning antibiotics is mandating a search for new alternatives, such as probiotics and phytogenic feed additives (PFAs). Two separate studies were performed to evaluate the performance and microbial profiles of commercial broilers fed either PFAs or Eimeria challenged broilers fed probiotics. During the probiotics study, 1056 day-old male Ross broiler chicks were assigned to one of 6 treatments, 8 replicates per treatment, with 22 birds per floor pen in a 2x3 factorial arrangement, with DFM mix and coccidiosis challenge being the main factors. Treatments included a non-infected control (NC), a non-infected low level DFM-fed group (DL), a non-infected high level DFM-fed group (DH), an infected control (PC), an infected low level DFM-fed group (DL+), and an infected high level DFM-fed group (DH+). Performance measurements were taken on d0, d7, d14, d21, and d28. Mucosal scrapings from the ileum were obtained on d7, d14, d21, and d28 to determine microbial profiles. On d15, birds in the three infected groups were challenged with a mixed inoculum containing Eimeria maxima, E. tenella, and E. acervulina. Lesion scores were assessed on d21. Body composition was analyzed via Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) on d28. Results indicated a trend (P < 0.1) toward improved D28 body composition, lower Clostridium in DFM-fed challenged broilers compared to PC, and higher Bacillus in DH compared to DH+. Results were not significant for BW, BWG, FI, or lesion scores. The second study evaluated the effects of PFA provided as a dietary supplement over a 6-week period on performance and immune responses in broilers. In total, 1056 day-old male chicks were randomly assigned to 8 replicate pens (22 birds/pen) with 6 treatments including a standard corn/wheat basal diet, a basal with antibiotics, and 4 various combinations of PFA (PHY 1, 2, 3, and 4). Performance was assessed on day 7 (D7), 14, 28, and 42. Starter diet was fed D0-14, grower D14-28, and finisher D28-42. Microbial profiling was assessed on D7, 14, and 42, and body composition measured on D42 using Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA). Results varied by week, but cumulatively, body weight gain (BWG) per bird was higher in PHY1 and 4, statistically similar to AGP and CTRL. With feed conversion ratio (FCR), PHY2 was higher than any other treatment between D0-42, while all other treatments were similar. PCR results were not statistically significant; however, DXA results indicated a higher lean to fat ratio in birds from PHY1-4 when compared to AGP, indicating an overall leaner bird in PHY treatments. The results of these studies suggest that diets supplemented with DFMs or PFAs result in improved broiler performance. / Master of Science / The prophylactic use of antibiotics is rapidly being phased out of poultry operations. Diseases such as coccidiosis are extremely costly, and typically prevented with coccidiostats and antibiotics. New regulation banning antibiotics is mandating a search for new alternatives, such as probiotics and phytogenic feed additives (PFAs). Two separate studies were performed to evaluate the performance and microbial profiles of commercial broilers fed either PFAs or Eimeria challenged broilers fed probiotics. During the probiotics study, 1056 day-old male Ross broiler chicks were assigned to one of 6 treatments, 8 replicates per treatment, with 22 birds per floor pen in a 2x3 factorial arrangement, with DFM mix and coccidiosis challenge being the main factors. Treatments included a non-infected control (NC), a non-infected low level DFM-fed group (DL), a non-infected high level DFM-fed group (DH), an infected control (PC), an infected low level DFM-fed group (DL+), and an infected high level DFM-fed group (DH+). Performance measurements were taken on d0, d7, d14, d21, and d28. Mucosal scrapings from the ileum were obtained on d7, d14, d21, and d28 to determine microbial profiles. On d15, birds in the three infected groups were challenged with a mixed inoculum containing Eimeria maxima, E. tenella, and E. acervulina. Lesion scores were assessed on d21. Body composition was analyzed via Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) on d28. Results indicated a trend (P < 0.1) toward improved D28 body composition, lower Clostridium in DFM-fed challenged broilers compared to PC, and higher Bacillus in DH compared to DH+. Results were not significant for BW, BWG, FI, or lesion scores. The second study evaluated the effects of PFA provided as a dietary supplement over a 6-week period on performance and immune responses in broilers. In total, 1056 day-old male chicks were randomly assigned to 8 replicate pens (22 birds/pen) with 6 treatments including a standard corn/wheat basal diet, a basal with antibiotics, and 4 various combinations of PFA (PHY 1, 2, 3, and 4). Performance was assessed on day 7 (D7), 14, 28, and 42. Starter diet was fed D0-14, grower D14-28, and finisher D28-42. Microbial profiling was assessed on D7, 14, and 42, and body composition measured on D42 using Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA). Results varied by week, but cumulatively, body weight gain (BWG) per bird was higher in PHY1 and 4, statistically similar to AGP and CTRL. With feed conversion ratio (FCR), PHY2 was higher than any other treatment between D0-42, while all other treatments were similar. PCR results were not statistically significant; however, DXA results indicated a higher lean to fat ratio in birds from PHY1-4 when compared to AGP, indicating an overall leaner bird in PHY treatments. The results of these studies suggest that diets supplemented with DFMs or PFAs result in improved broiler performance.

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Parasitas protozoários do gênero Eimeria causam doenças entéricas na galinha doméstica. Nosso grupo gerou 15.000 sequências ORESTES para cada uma das três mais importantes espécies: E. tenella, E. maxima e E. acervulina. Nesse trabalho relatamos o desenvolvimento de alguns componentes da plataforma EGene (Durham et al. Bioinformatics 21: 2812-2813, 2005) e sua aplicação na anotação funcional de transcritos reconstruídos de Eimeria spp. Análises de ortologia identificaram genes conservados em diferentes parasitas apicomplexas, bem como genes restritos ao gênero Eimeria. Perfis de expressão digital obtidos de contagens de leituras de transcritos montados foram submetidos a análises de agrupamento. Os perfis foram inequivocamente associados com os distintos estágios de desenvolvimento e mostraram uma forte correlação com a ordem desses estágios no clico de vida dos parasitas. Todos os dados de sequenciamento, anotação e análise comparativa foram disponibilizados no portal público The Eimeria Transcript Database (http://www.coccidia.icb.usp.br/eimeriatdb). / Protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria cause enteric diseases in the domestic fowl. Our group has generated 15,000 ORESTES sequences for each one of the three most important species: E. tenella, E. maxima and E. acervulina. In the present work, we report the development of some components for EGene platform (Durham et al. Bioinformatics 21: 2812-2813, 2005) and their application in the functional annotation of reconstructed transcripts of Eimeria spp. Orthology analyses have identified genes conserved across different apicomplexan parasites, as well as genes restricted to the genus Eimeria. Digital expression profiles obtained from read countings of the assembled transcripts were submitted to clustering analyses. The profiles were unambiguously associated with the distinct developmental stages and strongly correlated with the order of the stages in the parasite life cycle. All sequencing data, annotation and comparative analysis were made available at The Eimeria Transcript Database (http://www.coccidia.icb.usp.br/eimeriatdb), a public web resource.