Após a redução dos estrógenos no período da menopausa algumas mulheres passam a perder massa óssea acima de 1% ao ano chegando ao final de cinco anos com perda superior a 25%. Neste sentido, fatores como idade avançada, baixa ingestão de cálcio e menopausa precoce favorecem o aparecimento da osteoporose. Métodos preventivos como orientação nutricional para uma dieta adequada e o apoio da tecnologia por meio de aplicativos que avaliam o consumo alimentar são essenciais. Desta forma, objetivou-se neste estudo desenvolver um aplicativo em plataforma Android® voltado à avaliação das condições nutricionais e orgânicas envolvidas na saúde óssea e grau de risco para o desenvolvimento de osteoporose em mulheres pós-menopáusicas. Para o alcance deste objetivo procedeu-se um estudo com 72 mulheres com idade entre 46 a 79 anos, provenientes do programa de exercícios físicos para a saúde óssea do Laboratório de Pesquisas em Bioquímica e Densitometria da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná. Os dados foram coletados no segundo semestre de 2014 por meio de exames de Densitometria Óssea e Composição Corporal, Exames de Sangue, dados Antropométricos e Avaliação Nutricional. Foram incluídas no estudo mulheres com diagnóstico atualizado de osteopenia ou osteoporose primária, com idade igual ou superior a 45 anos em fase pós-menopáusica. Para a avaliação da densidade mineral óssea e composição corporal utilizou-se o aparelho de Absortometria de Dupla Energia de Raios-X (DXA) da marca HologicTM modelo Discovery A. Para a avaliação antropométrica foi incluído a Massa Corporal, Estatura, Circunferência Abdominal, Circunferência da Cintura e Circunferência do Quadril. O instrumento para avaliação de consumo alimentar utilizado foi o Recordatório de 24 horas de um dia (R24h). A estimativa da ingestão de energia e nutrientes foi realizada a partir da tabulação dos alimentos ingeridos no Software Diet Pro 4®. Em uma sub amostra com 30 mulheres com osteopenia/osteoporose foram realizados os exames de cálcio sérico e fosfatase alcalina. Os resultados demonstraram no grupo de mulheres (n=30) ingestão média de cálcio de 570mg/dia (±340). A análise do cálcio sérico apresentou média dentro da normalidade (10,20mg/dl±0,32) e valores médios e fosfatase alcalina ligeiramente aumentados (105,40 U/L±23,70). Ainda, houve importante correlação entre o consumo de ideal de proteínas e o consumo de cálcio diário (0,375 p valor 0,05). Com base nestes achados, foi desenvolvido um aplicativo fase inicial na plataforma Android® do sistema operacional do Google®, sendo denominado de OsteoNutri. Optou-se pela utilização Java Eclipse® onde nele foram executados a versão Android® do projeto; escolha de ícones de aplicação e configuração do editor visual para construção dos layouts do aplicativo. Foi utilizado o DroidDraw® para desenvolvimento das três interfaces gráficas do aplicativo. Para os testes práticos utilizou-se um celular compatível com a versão que foi criada (4.4 ou superior). O protótipo foi desenvolvido em conjunto com o Grupo de Desenvolvimento Aplicativos e Instrumentação (GDAI) da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná. Portanto, este aplicativo pode ser considerado uma importante ferramenta no controle dietético, possibilitando controle mais próximo de consumo de Cálcio e Proteínas dietéticas. / Following a drop in estrogen in the period of menopause some women begin to lose bone mass more than 1% per year reaching the end of five years with loss greater than 25%. In this regard, factors such as older age, low calcium intake and premature menopause favor the onset of osteoporosis. Preventive methods such as nutritional counseling to a proper diet and the support of technology through applications that assess dietary intake are essential. Thus, this study aimed to develop an application for Android® platform focused on the evaluation of nutritional and organic conditions involved in bone health and risks for developing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. To achieve this goal we proceeded to a study of 72 women aged 46-79 years, from the physical exercise for bone health of the Laboratory for Research in Biochemistry and Densitometry the Federal Technological University of Paraná program. Data were collected in the second half of 2014 through tests Bone Densitometry and Body Composition, Blood Tests, Anthropometric data and Nutrition Assessment. The study included women with a current diagnosis of osteopenia or osteoporosis primary, aged more than 45 years postmenopausal. For the assessment of bone mineral density and body composition used the device Absorptiometry Dual Energy X-ray (DXA) brand Hologic Discovery TM Model A. For anthropometric assessment was included to body mass, height, abdominal circumference, Waist circumference and hip circumference. The instrument for assessing food consumption was used Recall 24 hours a day (24HR). The estimated intake of energy and nutrients was carried from the tabulation of the food eaten in the Software Diet Pro 4®. In a sub sample of 30 women with osteopenia / osteoporosis serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase tests were performed. The results demonstrated a group of women (n = 30) average calcium intake of 570mg / day (± 340). The analysis showed a mean serum calcium within the normal range (10,20mg / dl ± 0.32) and average values and slightly increased alkaline phosphatase (105.40 U / L ± 23.70). Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between the consumption of protein and the optimal daily intake of calcium (0.375 p-value 0.05). Based on these findings, we developed an application early stage in Android® platform operating system Google®, being called OsteoNutri. We chose to use Java Eclipse® where it was executed Android® version of the project; choice of application icons and setting the visual editor for building the application layouts. The DroidDraw® was used for development of the three application GUIs. For practical tests we used a cell compatible with the version that was created (4.4 or higher). The prototype was developed in conjunction with the Group and Instrumentation Applications Development (GDAI) of the Federal Technological University of Paraná. So this application can be considered an important tool in dietary control, allowing closer control consumption of calcium and dietary proteins.

Based on in-depth focus group and individual interviews, this thesis examines how Rhodes University students from socially disadvantaged backgrounds experience campus social life and how they subsequently use Facebook to perform, represent and negotiate their social identities. The study discusses utopian and dystopian positions and interrogates these theoretical perspectives in relation to the students‟ Facebook usage. The popularity and uptake of Facebook by students from disadvantaged backgrounds, such as those here at Rhodes University, is a growing phenomenon, provoking questions about the relationship between social experiences, social identity and social networks. Rhodes University‟s social space has been identified by previous studies as modern, liberal, “elite” and divided along race and class lines. The ways in which students experience this campus social space relates to their subject positions and identities. The study employs different perspectives of identity construction to interrogate the students‟ subject experiences in home and school contexts before coming to Rhodes University. The students‟ subjective positions are primarily embedded in tradition and their subject positions are sometimes in tension or come in conflict with the modern and liberal elements permitted by the Rhodes University context. The students also experience and adopt modern and liberal elements in their lifestyles which are permitted within the Rhodes University social space. The thesis found that Facebook offers a platform which facilitates a social connectivity that influences how students perform their identities in relation to their offline social identities and lived social experiences. This study concludes that the mediated symbolic materials for the construction and negotiation of identity provided by Facebook are sometimes in tension with the demands of traditional subjectivities experienced by these students at Rhodes University. Facebook allows the students to reinforce and affirm the validity of their traditional identities in this modern and liberal space. However, it also emerged that Facebook facilitates and allows students who experience and incorporate the modern and liberal elements permitted at Rhodes University to represent and negotiate their subjective positions online. The findings of the study indicate that participants primarily communicate with their friends, families, relatives and acquaintances - people they know personally offline, in line with the theoretical position which argues that online relationships are primarily shaped by offline relationships.

Text in English / Anyone using the Internet is likely to use Facebook and anyone using Facebook is likely to use it just about every day. The prevalent uses of the Internet and related technologies is a sign-showing that they have become a part of human life. On any student’s academic side of life, the use of social media (taking Facebook as a case) has become commonplace, but their influences over the academic engagement and performance of students requires deeper understanding. In Africa, the need for studies on the interplay between social media and education is growing. This study focuses on the influence of Facebook on the academic performance of undergraduate social sciences students using three federal Universities in Nigeria, West Africa as research sites. The study shows that Facebook use did not significantly influence the academic performance of the surveyed students at these universities and that its use can, however, be harnessed for augmenting student academic performance and for advancing education in general. / Sociology / M.A. (Sociology)

The development of non-traditional communication channels in recent years has progressively created a world more digital, networked and interlaced by a myriad of communication tools than ever before. With Facebook being the most prevalent social network, this study aims to guide local organisations to use Facebook optimally to communicate with their customers. The study strives to incorporate the latest ideas about social media marketing in the relevant literature with the opinions of local social media marketing experts. The generally ineffective use of Facebook as a communication channel by small, inexperienced organisations is seen as a justification for identifying a set of criteria to guide organisations in using Facebook pages as a driver of communication. The empirical phase of the research produced a list of seven guidelines on the optimal use of Facebook pages for marketing purposes, which might assist South African companies in developing their marketing strategies. / Business Management / M. Com. (Business Management)

隨著網際網路與電子資源蓬勃發展，智慧型手機與平板電腦等行動裝 置越來越普及，民眾對於公共圖書館的電子資源館藏接受度較過去幾年雖 有小幅提升，但多數民眾仍未曾使用過電子資源。本研究透過文獻分析法 設計公共圖書館電子資源館藏使用與滿意度問卷共 4 個構面 25 項指標，採用訪談法和問卷調查法以臺北市立圖書館大直分館讀者為研究調查對象，就其電子資源館藏使用和滿意度進行瞭解。 本研究的研究目的有三點：(一) 探討大直圖書館分館讀者對於電子資 源館藏的使用情形與電子資源服務滿意度。(二) 探討影響大直圖書館分館讀者對於電子資源館藏使用與電子資源服務滿意度的因素。(三) 探討大直圖書館分館讀者對於電子資源館藏認為有改善空間的項目，以及謀求改進的方法與策略。 本研究獲得以下結論：(一) 使用者對本館提供之電子資源館藏相關內 容與服務之重視度與滿意度有顯著差距(二) 使用者認為，在電子資源館藏容易查詢檢索以及使用的空間配備是否支援電子資源館藏使用是圖書館應改善的部分。(三) 研究發現不同個人背景變項例如：性別、年齡、教育程度對滿意度有不同的認知與感受，因此應針對使用者的差異處加以瞭解，關心使用者的看法與態度，讓使用者重視度與滿意度的差距能縮小。根據所獲得的研究結果，本研究提出幾點建議，提供質量足夠且多元種類的電子資源館藏供使用者取用；加強行動資訊服務軟硬體支援；加強數位閱覽環境空間規劃；持續進行電子資源館藏推廣活動；保持電子資源館藏使用與滿意度長期調查機制，以瞭解需求強化服務。 / With the advance of the Internet as well as the mobile devices, electronic resources has become more and more popular. The acceptance rate of readers for electronic resource archive might be increased in recent years yet there are still many readers have never used such service in public library. It is crucial to understand the use and need among users to offer electronic resource services in public library more adequately. Research methods in the study includes literature review, interview, and questionnaire survey. A four-dimension, 25-item questionnaire was generated from the review of relevant studies to assessing the electronic resources use and satisfaction of library users. The article aims to explore the use of electronic resources archive and user satisfaction by readers in Taipei Public Library, Dazhi Branch. There are three purposes in this research: a) Exploring the use of electronic resources archive and user satisfaction of the readers in Taipei Public Library, Dazhi Branch; b) identifying factors affecting the using and user satisfaction of readers in Taipei Public Library, Dazhi Branch; c) summarizing the feedbacks from respondents in the study to propose the strategies for improvement on electronic resources archive. The results suggest: a) there are significant differences between the perceived service importance and satisfaction of readers at Taipei Public Library, Dazhi Branch; b) participants care about whether the electronic resource archive is easy for inquiry and supporting space arrangement; c) participants from different gender, age and education levels show significant distinctions between the satisfaction of readers at Taipei Public Library, Dazhi Branch. Therefore the library should take considerations for the differences among users to further the understanding of their concerns. Suggestions were proposed in accordance with the findings of this study. The author believes, library may a) make sufficient and diversified variety of electronic resources archive more available for users; b) improve both soft and hardware supports for mobile information services; c) provide a friendlier digital reading space; d) further promote the electronic resource archive; e) continue investigating the use and satisfaction of electronic resource archive to understand the need for enhanced services.

Die vorliegende Masterarbeit dokumentiert die Erstellung eines RDF-basierten Vokabulars zur Darstellung von Nutzungsstatistiken elektronischer Ressourcen, die nach dem COUNTER-Standard erstellt wurden. Die konkrete Anwendung dieses Vokabulars bildet das Electronic Resource Management System (ERMS), welches momentan von der Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig im Rahmen des kooperativen Projektes AMSL entwickelt wird. Dieses basiert auf Linked Data, soll die veränderten Verwaltungsprozesse elektronischer Ressourcen abbilden können und gleichzeitig anbieterunabhängig und flexibel sein. Das COUNTER-Vokabular soll aber auch über diese Anwendung hinaus einsetzbar sein. Die Arbeit gliedert sich in die beiden Teile Grundlagen und Modellierung. Im ersten Teil wird zu nächst die bibliothekarische Notwendigkeit von ERM-Systemen herausgestellt und der Fokus der Betrachtung auf das Teilgebiet der Nutzungsstatistiken und die COUNTER-Standardisierung gelenkt. Anschließend werden die technischen Grundlagen der Modellierung betrachtet, um die Arbeit auch für nicht mit Linked Data vertraute Leser verständlich zu machen. Darauf folgt der Modellierungsteil, der mit einer Anforderungsanalyse sowie der Analyse des den COUNTER-Dateien zugrunde liegenden XML-Schemas beginnt. Daran schließt sich die Modellierung des Vokabulars mit Hilfe von RDFS und OWL an. Aufbauend auf angestellten Überlegungen zur Übertragung von XML-Statistiken nach RDF und der Vergabe von URIs werden anschließend reale Beispieldateien manuell konvertiert und in einem kurzen Test erfolgreich überprüft. Den Abschluss bilden ein Fazit der Arbeit sowie ein Ausblick auf das weitere Verfahren mit den Ergebnissen. Das erstellte RDF-Vokabular ist bei GitHub unter der folgenden URL zur Weiterverwendung hinterlegt: https://github.com/a-nnika/counter.vocab:Inhaltsverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis 6 Tabellenverzeichnis 7 Abkürzungsverzeichnis 8 1 Einleitung 9 1.1 Problematik, Ziel und Abgrenzung 9 1.2 Zielgruppe, Methodik und Aufbau 11 1.3 Forschungsstand und Quellenlage 13 TEIL I - Grundlagen 17 2 Bibliothekarische Ausgangssituation 18 2.1 Electronic Resource Management 18 2.2 Nutzungsdaten elektronischer Ressourcen 20 2.3 Projekt AMSL 23 3 Technischer Hintergrund 26 3.1 XML 26 3.2 Linked Data und Semantic Web 27 3.3 Grundkonzepte der Modellierung 29 3.4 RDF 30 3.4.1 Datenmodell 30 3.4.2 Serialisierungen 34 3.5 RDFS 36 3.6 OWL 38 TEIL II - Modellierung 41 4 Vorarbeiten 42 4.1 Anforderungsanalyse 42 4.2 Analyse des COUNTER XML-Schemas 45 4.2.1 Grundstruktur 45 4.2.2 Details 48 4.3 Grundkonzeption 54 4.4 Verwendete Programme 56 4.4.1 Notepad++ 56 4.4.2 Raptor 58 4.4.3 OntoWiki 59 5 Realisierung des RDF-Vokabulars 61 5.1 Grundlegende Modellierung: RDFS 61 5.2 Erweiterung: OWL 70 5.3 Übertragung von XML-Daten nach RDF 75 5.4 URI-Vergabe 78 6 Test des Vokabulars 83 6.1 Planung des Tests 83 6.2 Erstellung von Testdatensätzen 85 6.3 Testergebnisse 87 7 Fazit und Ausblick 90 Literatur- und Quellenverzeichnis 93 Selbstständigkeitserklärung 101 Anhänge I

This research study examines the forensic application of a selection of stylistic and stylometric techniques in a simulated authorship attribution case involving texts on the social networking site, Facebook. Eight participants each submitted 2,000 words of self-authored text from their personal Facebook messages, and one of them submitted an extra 2,000 words to act as the ‘disputed text’. The texts were analysed in terms of the first 1,000 words received and then at the 2,000-word level to determine what effect text length has on the effectiveness of the chosen style markers (keywords, function words, most frequently occurring words, punctuation, use of digitally mediated communication features and spelling). It was found that despite accurately identifying the author of the disputed text at the 1,000-word level, the results were not entirely conclusive but at the 2,000-word level the results were more promising, with certain style markers being particularly effective. / Linguistics / MA (Linguistics)

Text in English with Abstracts in English and Afrikaans / Health promotion is an educational tool that can be used to educate and create awareness of health issues through various media forms. The purpose of this study was to explore the use of TB Proof South Africa‘s Facebook page in creating TB awareness. The literature on TB, social media, health promotional campaigns and health promotional models was reviewed to contextualise this study. A qualitative case study approach was used to collect data from TB Proof South Africa‘s Facebook page. Data was collected using three data collection methods; namely, online ethnographic observation, textual analysis and visual analysis. The findings indicate that TB Proof South Africa‘s Facebook page creates awareness of TB. Results from this study also suggested collaboration between South African healthcare professionals and traditional health practitioners in the fight against tuberculosis. The study advocates the need for comparative studies to explore the use of other health-related Facebook pages. / Gesondheidsbevordering is ʼn opvoedkundige werktuig wat gebruik kan word om op te voed en bewustheid van gesondheidskwessies deur middel van verskeie mediavorme te skep. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die gebruik van TB Proof South Africa se Facebook-blad in die skepping van TB-bewustheid te verken. Leesstof oor TB, sosiale media, gesondheidsbevorderingsveldtogte en gesondheidsbevorderingsmodelle is beoordeel om hierdie studie te kontekstualiseer. ‘n Kwalitatiewe gevallestudiebenadering is gebruik om data van TB Proof South Africa se Facebook-blad in te samel. Data is ingesamel deur gebruikmaking van drie data-insamelingsmetodes, naamlik aanlyn etnografiese waarneming, teksontleding en visuele ontleding. Die bevindings dui daarop dat TB Proof South Africa se Facebook-blad bewustheid van TB skep. Resultate van hierdie studie beveel ook samewerking tussen Suid-Afrikaanse gesondheidsorgberoepslui en tradisionele gesondheidspraktisyns in die stryd teen tuberkulose aan. Die studie bepleit die behoefte aan vergelykende studies om die gebruik van ander gesondheidsverwante Facebook-blaaie te verken. / Communication Science / M.A. (Communication)

This research study examines the forensic application of a selection of stylistic and stylometric techniques in a simulated authorship attribution case involving texts on the social networking site, Facebook. Eight participants each submitted 2,000 words of self-authored text from their personal Facebook messages, and one of them submitted an extra 2,000 words to act as the ‘disputed text’. The texts were analysed in terms of the first 1,000 words received and then at the 2,000-word level to determine what effect text length has on the effectiveness of the chosen style markers (keywords, function words, most frequently occurring words, punctuation, use of digitally mediated communication features and spelling). It was found that despite accurately identifying the author of the disputed text at the 1,000-word level, the results were not entirely conclusive but at the 2,000-word level the results were more promising, with certain style markers being particularly effective. / Linguistics and Modern Languages / M.A. (Linguistics)

This research examined lecturers’ perspectives on the academic use of Facebook, specifically for teaching, in a higher education institution in Gauteng, South Africa. A survey research design was followed, and semi-structured interviews were conducted. The study sought to fill the gap in the Social Networking Sites literature by focusing on lecturers’ perspectives, ascertaining how lecturers use Facebook as an academic teaching tool and determining the advantages and disadvantages thereof, and attempting to add to the debate on whether or not higher education settings could add the use of Facebook to their range of practices that may enhance teaching. The sample comprised fourteen respondents. It has emerged that lecturers are not, for the most part, utilising Facebook as an academic teaching tool. Based on the findings, a framework on how lecturers could integrate Facebook into academia is proposed. / Computing / M. Sc. (Computing)