Thesis (M.Ph.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong. / Bibliography: leaves 226-244.

Depuis une à deux décennies, l'âge est perçu comme un critère arbitraire pour encadrer des parcours individuels qui se singularisent. Cette mise en cause s'est cristallisée dans l'adoption de lois qui interdisent la discrimination sur l'âge sur le marché du travail, en 2001 en France et en 2006 au Royaume-Uni. Ce sont les tensions qui se font jour autour de cette moindre légitimité de l'âge que nous interrogeons dans ce travail de thèse. Pour ce faire, nous avons procédé à l'analyse des politiques qui encouragent les chômeurs âgés à se maintenir sur le marché de l'emploi. dans une démarche comparative, nous avons étudié ces politiques, le contexte dans lequel elles interviennent, nous avons analysé la manière dont ces politiques sont mises en oeuvre et, enfin, nous avons rencontré les chômeurs visés par ces dispositifs. Cette thèse met en évidence trois aspects majeurs. Tout d'abord, nous montrons que la dénonciation de ce critère survient en France et au Royaume-Uni dans un contexte particulier, qui permet de justifier la mise à mal de droits sociaux fondés sur l'âge et de légitimer les réformes des retraites. Ensuite, l'âge demeure dans les deux pays un critère d'organisation des existences puissant. Il résiste aussi bien au niveau des politiques de l'emploi qui continuent à se fonder sur ce critère, qu'à celui des individus qu ile mobilisent pour interpréter leur situation et donner du sens à leurs pratiques. Enfin, nous mettons en exergue que la mise en cause de l'âge s'enracine dans des rapports sociaux puissants, à l'oeuvre en France et au Royaume-Uni. Ce sont bien souvent les individus les plus diplômés et les plus qualifiés d'entre eux qui dénoncent ce critère. / Nowadays, age as criterion is criticized to structure individual lives. This suspicion has been crystallized in the adoption of laws that prohibit age discrimination in the labour market, in 2001 in France and 2006 in the United Kingdom. In this dissertation, we question the tensions that have emerged around the legitimacy of age. To that purpose, we analyze the policies that encourage older workers to stay in work. In a comparative perspective, we studied these policies, the context within they emerge, we analyze how these policies are implemented, and finally we met older workers targeted by theses policies. This thesis highlights three major results. First, we show that the condemnation of this criterion occurs in France and the United Kingdom in a particular context which tends to justify to undermine social rights based on age and to legitimise pension reforms. Next, age remains in both countries as a powerful criterion to organise individual lives. Employment policies continue to rely on this criterion and individuals also mobilize age to interpret their situation and give meaning to their practices. Finally, we highlights that the denunciation of age is deeply rooted in social relation, in France and in the United Kingdom. The highly qualified people are in fact those which denounce this criterion.

A questão central desta tese é a discussão de como se constroem as diversas representações sociais que contribuem à configuração das desigualdades entre homens e mulheres no mercado de trabalho. Isso será feito concentrando a análise no processo de constituição e reprodução da noção da mulher como uma força de trabalho secundária. Essa noção está presente no imaginário social, empresarial e sindical e das próprias mulheres (que participam ou não no mercado de trabalho), assim como nas concepções que embasam a formulação das políticas públicas. Marca a sua presença em diversas correntes do pensamento analítico e está na base da constituição de muitas instituições do mercado de trabalho. Resiste a muitas mudanças objetivas - e cada vez mais evidentes - no comportamento de atividade das mulheres e no seu desempenho laboral. O argumento central da tese é que essa noção é cada vez menos adequada para representar as distintas realidades da presença feminina no mercado de trabalho e que, além disso, é um dos elementos sobre os quais se estruturam e se reproduzem as hierarquias entre homens e mulheres e os padrões de discriminação e subordinação de gênero no mercado de trabalho. / The main question of this thesis is the construction of different social representations that contributes to the configuration of labor market inequalities between men and women. The analysis shall focus on the process of constitution and reproduction of the notion of women as a secondary workforce. This notion is part of the social imaginary of business and unions, women that are part (or not) of the labor market and also the theoretical ideas that inspire public policies. It is so pervasive that it marks different trends of analytical schools and social thought, impregnating the foundations of many institutions of the labor market. It is so resilient that it resists historical and current transformations - more and more evident - of women\'s economic activities patterns and their work behavior. The central argument of this work is that the notion of women as secondary workforce is less and less adequate for representing the different realities of the women\'s presence in the labor market, and moreover, it is one of the elements on which are structured and reproduced the hierarchies between men and women and the patterns of gender discrimination and subordination in the labor market.

A questão central desta tese é a discussão de como se constroem as diversas representações sociais que contribuem à configuração das desigualdades entre homens e mulheres no mercado de trabalho. Isso será feito concentrando a análise no processo de constituição e reprodução da noção da mulher como uma força de trabalho secundária. Essa noção está presente no imaginário social, empresarial e sindical e das próprias mulheres (que participam ou não no mercado de trabalho), assim como nas concepções que embasam a formulação das políticas públicas. Marca a sua presença em diversas correntes do pensamento analítico e está na base da constituição de muitas instituições do mercado de trabalho. Resiste a muitas mudanças objetivas - e cada vez mais evidentes - no comportamento de atividade das mulheres e no seu desempenho laboral. O argumento central da tese é que essa noção é cada vez menos adequada para representar as distintas realidades da presença feminina no mercado de trabalho e que, além disso, é um dos elementos sobre os quais se estruturam e se reproduzem as hierarquias entre homens e mulheres e os padrões de discriminação e subordinação de gênero no mercado de trabalho. / The main question of this thesis is the construction of different social representations that contributes to the configuration of labor market inequalities between men and women. The analysis shall focus on the process of constitution and reproduction of the notion of women as a secondary workforce. This notion is part of the social imaginary of business and unions, women that are part (or not) of the labor market and also the theoretical ideas that inspire public policies. It is so pervasive that it marks different trends of analytical schools and social thought, impregnating the foundations of many institutions of the labor market. It is so resilient that it resists historical and current transformations - more and more evident - of women\'s economic activities patterns and their work behavior. The central argument of this work is that the notion of women as secondary workforce is less and less adequate for representing the different realities of the women\'s presence in the labor market, and moreover, it is one of the elements on which are structured and reproduced the hierarchies between men and women and the patterns of gender discrimination and subordination in the labor market.

Labor flexibility in Spain and Peru: Analysis of somedifferential aspectsThis paper contains a comparative analysis of the labor flexibility processes held in the past decades both in Spain and Peru, trying to identify the most relevant differential aspects between them based on the following three factors: (i) the existence —or not— of a political framework; (ii) the labor markets particularities that influence the regulation of the individual labor contracts; and (iii) the potential of unions and collective bargaining / En el presente artículo se efectúa un análisis comparado de los procesos de flexibilidad laboral llevados a cabo en las últimas décadas tanto en España como en Perú, buscando identificar los principales aspectos diferenciadores entre ambos a partir de tres factores: (i) la existencia o no de un marco político de referencia; (ii) las características del mercado de trabajo que inciden en la regulación de la contratación individual; y (iii) la potencialidad de la negociación colectiva.

Orientador: Marcio Pochmann / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T20:39:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moretto_AmiltonJose_D.pdf: 2167959 bytes, checksum: dc02a03b118a210cab229c8ead9562bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Este estudo procura responder qual a importância da consolidação de um sistema público de emprego para o mercado de trabalho brasileiro. Busca-se, primeiramente, compreender o sentido do serviço público de emprego e das políticas de mercado de trabalho para as economias desenvolvidas, para então, analisar-se a experiência brasileira e a proposta de conformação de um sistema público de emprego. Defende-se que a consolidação do Sistema é passo importante para melhorar o desempenho das políticas de mercado de trabalho e, tomando-se como pressuposto a necessidade de uma política econômica que sustente níveis de crescimento adequados e sustentados, as ações do Sistema podem contribuir para a estruturação do mercado de trabalho. Isto é, ao lado de outras instituições e instrumentos de regulação pública, as ações do Sistema podem ajudar reduzir as desigualdades e criar condições para um mercado de trabalho mais civilizado / Abstract: This study aims to answer the following question: how important is the consolidation the public employment system for the Brazilian labor market. In first place, it tries to understand the meaning of the public employment service and labor market policies for the developed economies; then, analyses the Brazilian experience and the proposal to conform a public employment system. It argues that the consolidation of the System is a step to improve the labor market policies efficiency taking for granted the necessity of an economic policy in order to sustain an extended and sufficient increase of the GDP. In this sense, the initiatives of the System can contribute to structure the labor market. In others words, the System working together with other institutions and with instruments of public labor regulation, its policies can facilitate the decreasing of the inequalities and create conditions to a civilized labor market / Doutorado / Economia Social e do Trabalho / Doutor em Desenvolvimento Economico

Orientador: Antonio Carlos Macedo e Silva / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T13:23:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carvalho_MarceloSoaresde_D.pdf: 2436002 bytes, checksum: 17f432ef0c2d7cbff7f9aa69e08a4cbf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O objetivo central deste estudo é a avaliação crítica da proposta pós-keynesiana de erradicação do desemprego conhecida como o empregador de última instância (employer of last resort, ELR). De acordo com esta proposta, o Estado deveria agir como empregador residual, contratando todos aqueles dispostos a trabalhar em troca de um salário básico do setor público (basic public sector wage, BPSW); ao fazê-lo, seria colocado em operação um mecanismo de estoque regulador de emprego, gerando desemprego zero e maior estabilidade de preços e salários. As raízes teóricas desta proposta - ao menos em seu formato mais recente - podem ser encontradas nos conceitos econômicos de moeda guiada por impostos e finança funcional. Longe de ser consensual mesmo dentre os próprios pós-keynesianos, a proposta do ELR tem estimulado muita discussão no meio acadêmico a respeito de seus méritos e limites. A avaliação da proposta acima referida ganha particular interesse no tocante à sua efetiva aplicabilidade no contexto das economias subdesenvolvidas, o que constitui exatamente a parte conclusiva deste estudo. De modo a obter um melhor entendimento acerca das razões pelas quais há falta de consenso em relação ao ELR entre os pós-keynesianos, é apresentado, no primeiro capítulo, um breve panorama da abordagem de Keynes quanto ao mercado de trabalho; na seqüência, uma também sucinta apresentação das contribuições de Keynes, Kalecki e Lerner com respeito às políticas de pleno emprego - nas quais muitas das visões e dos motivos para o atual dissenso dos pós-keynesianos podem encontrar suas origens. Um terceiro capítulo procura retratar as propostas do ELR segundo as visões de Minsky e dos cartalistas, bem como o debate teórico a que deram origem. O capítulo final procura sintetizar os conteúdos (e polêmica) anteriores, de modo a condensar uma proposta viável de geração do pleno emprego, com destaque para as economias subdesenvolvidas / Abstract: The main purpose of the following study is to critically evaluate a Post Keynesian proposal for unemployment eradication known as the employer of last resort (ELR). According to that proposal, State should act as a residual employer and hire all willing to work for a basic public sector wage (BPSW); in doing so, an employment buffer stock mechanism would be put in place generating zero unemployment and greater price-wage stability. The theoretical roots to that proposal - at least within its most recent design - may be found in the economic concepts of tax-driven money and functional finance. Far from being consensual even amongst the Post Keynesians themselves, the ELR proposal has instigated much academic discussion about its merits and shortcomings. The above mentioned proposal evaluation becomes of particular interest when it comes to its actual applicability in the context of underdeveloped economies, which comes to constitute the concluding part of this study. In order to accomplish a better understanding of the reasons why a lack of consensus about the ELR is found within the Post Keynesian school of thought, a brief view of Keynes's approach to the labor market is presented in the first chapter; following, an also succinct presentation of the theoretical contributions of Keynes, Kalecki and Lerner about policies for full employment - where much of the current Post Keynesian views and dissent may find its origins. A third chapter attempts to present the ELR proposals according to the views of Minsky and the chartalists as well as the theoretical debate that resulted. The final chapter seeks to synthesize the contents (and polemics) above in order to build up a feasible proposal to generate full employment, especially in the underdeveloped economies / Doutorado / Teoria Economica / Doutor em Ciências Econômicas

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This thesis explores the ways in which migrant labour infrastructure and the related operating practices of the South African colonial administration impacted on workers in and from the colonial north-central part of Namibia, formerly known as Ovamboland. This study stretches from the Union of South Africa’s occupation of the region in 1915 up to 1954 when the last Native Commissioner for Ovamboland completed his term of office and a new administrative phase began. Infrastructure refers to the essential facilities that an institution or communities install to use in order to connect or communicate.4 Vigne defines infrastructure as the mode of connections between techniques, practices, social values, cultures, economies and politics.5 This dissertation deals with two types of infrastructures.

Yes / This article reports on case study research conducted in a hospital Trust and explores the impact that the Investors in People award had on employees. Investors in People is widely seen as the principal mechanism for increasing workforce skills within a voluntarist system as well as supporting `good¿ employment policies. Yet in this case study, as elsewhere, most of the `soft¿ human resource initiatives had existed prior to accreditation and the internal marketing of corporate value statements was met with both amnesia and cynicism. More worryingly, training activity was focused on business need, and business need was defined in the narrowest sense, with the result that some employees had fewer opportunities for individual development. Motivation and commitment levels were high, staff were enthusiastic about their work and many actively engaged in training and development. But this owed little to Investors in People and its impact here raises questions about its influence on skill levels more broadly.

<P align="justify">En Belgique, 85% des chômeurs sont affiliés à une organisation syndicale. Cette situation inhabituelle est principalement due à la fonction d’organisme de paiement des allocations de chômage que remplissent les trois syndicats interprofessionnels. L’objet de la thèse est d’examiner les origines de la relation particulière qui découle de cet état de fait et de questionner ses implications tout à la fois pour les syndicats et pour les chômeurs.</P> <P align="justify">Les développements théoriques se penchent sur le mode de fonctionnement et sur les déterminants de l’action des organisations syndicales, sur les causes du chômage et ses conséquences pour les travailleurs salariés et leurs organisations, ainsi que sur les obstacles et les incitants à l’action collective contestataire des sans-emploi.</P> <P align="justify">Ces outils d’analyse sont ensuite utilisés pour examiner, depuis l’origine des organisations syndicales contemporaines et de l’indemnisation du chômage, au XIXe siècle, jusqu’à la réforme du mode de contrôle des chômeurs en 2004, les fondements et l’évolution de la relation que les syndicats belges entretiennent avec les questions de l’emploi et du chômage d’une part, avec les chômeurs d’autre part.</P> <BR> <P align="justify"><i>In Belgium, 85% of the unemployed are unionised. This peculiar situation is mainly related to the specific position of the trade unions, as the jobless can choose to receive their benefits through the intervention of one of the three national unions. The Ph.D. dissertation aims at examining the origins of that specific relationship and its implications on both the trade unions and the unemployed.</P> <P align="justify">The theoretical part explores the features of union action and functioning, the causes of unemployment and its consequences for the workers and their organisations, as well as the impediments and impetus to the contentious mobilisation of the unemployed.</P> <P align="justify">Based on that theoretical framework, the Ph.D. dissertation then examines the origins and the evolution from the 19th century till 2004 of the union positions on the issues of employment and unemployment on the one hand, and their links with the jobless on the other.</i></P>