在全球化快速的腳步之下，英語教育逐漸受到非英語系國家的重視。各國政府紛紛將英語納入國小必修課程之中。為了提升孩童英語能力，各國更是積極引進外籍教師。因此，外籍教師的教學開始受到關注(Arva & Medgyes, 2000; Barratt & Kontra, 2000)。然而，許多國內研究皆顯示引進外籍教師的成效無法完全彰顯。其原因除了外師缺乏教學經驗與技巧之外，外師的流動率也是主因之一(林怡瑾,2002;周美瑜,2005;溫智雄,2006;陳錦芬,2007)。本研究以個案研究方式探討一位美籍英語教師，Bert，在台超過十四年的英語教學經驗以及其教學現況。本研究採取質性研究法，透過訪談、教室觀察與文件分析收集資料，並討論三個議題：(1)Bert的教學經驗及其影響，(2)Bert的教室教學、教學成效以及教學問題，(3)Bert在台所遇到之困難。本研究結果顯示Bert豐富的教學經驗、認真的教學態度、以及積極的面對困難的個性使得他能成功在台灣長期從事英語教學。最後，依據本研究結果，針於在台外籍英語教師以及政策制定者，進一步提供相關建議，以作為未來外籍教師在英語教學專業成長上，以及政府外籍教師引進政策制定及修訂之參考。 / With the rapid pace of globalization, many Asian governments have introduced English education to elementary school curriculum with the recognition of the importance of English. Meanwhile, many native English-speaking teachers (NESTs) have also been recruited to teach local students to enhance their English competence. However, many studies indicate that the effect of recruiting NESTs has been reduced because of NESTs’ insufficient professional knowledge and their high turnover rate (Lin, 2002; Chou, 2005; Wen, 2006; Chen, 2007). Thus, the purpose of this research is to investigate the teaching of one American English teacher, Bert, who has taught English in Taiwan for over fourteen years. A qualitative research method was adopted in this case study. Data were collected through interviews, classroom observation and document analysis to discuss three issues concerning Bert’s teaching experience: (a) his past teaching experience, (b) his current classroom practices, teaching effectiveness, teaching problems and (c) the difficulties he encountered in Taiwan. The study concluded that although Bert began his teaching with insufficient EFL teaching knowledge and skills, his rich experience, serious teaching attitude and his positive personality toward the difficulties he encountered in Taiwan have enabled him to successfully teach English in Taiwan. Finally, pedagogical implications and suggestions derived from the discussions were offered to the NESTs in Taiwan for professional growth and to the government for policy-making.

本研究旨在探討兩位國中英語教師閱讀教學信念及其課堂教學，同時分析師生課堂互動如何影響教師的課堂閱讀教學。過去研究顯示出學生對於教師的信念及教學有很大的影響，但課堂上的師生互動如何影響教師教學卻需要進一步的研究。本研究採取質性個案研究，研究過程採取訪談教師及學生和課堂觀察兩位教師的教學為主要資料蒐集來源。結果顯示教師所聲稱的閱讀教學信念與其實際課堂教學確有差異之處，而學生因素包括: (1) 學生課堂參與 (2) 學生對教授內容的理解 (3) 學生英語程度差異 (4) 學生考試壓力均影響教師調整課堂教學的內容。然而教師信念與實際教學差異卻反映了教師信念因應個別教學情境而改變的本質，同時透過教師信念研究亦凸顯了教師於課堂中真正扮演的角色。文末進一步提出相關建議，以期能作為在職教師及未來研究參考。 / The purposes of the present study are to investigate two junior high school English teachers’ beliefs and practices on reading instruction and how the teacher-student interaction in class impacts teachers’ reading instruction behaviors. Previous studies have shown the impacts of student issues on the teachers’ beliefs, but how exactly these issues interact with teachers’ in-class practices demands further investigation. The case study research, that is semi-structured interviews with participating teachers and students and classroom observations, was adopted in the present study. The results reveal that there are indeed discrepancies between the teachers’ claimed pedagogical beliefs and their in-class actions, and students’ in-class participation, their comprehension of teachers’ instruction, their diverse English proficiency levels and their examination pressure all present challenges to shape teachers’ actions in class. Nevertheless, these discrepancies between teachers’ beliefs and practice in turn reveal the situated nature of teachers’ beliefs, which help teachers develop more contextualized adjustments to meet their individual teaching contexts. Moreover, the investigation of teachers’ pedagogical beliefs make the instruction roles they play explicit. Finally, it is expected that the findings of the present study offer a new perspective to understand teachers’ beliefs and practices and provide pedagogical implications for in-service teaching profession.

The theoretical part of this thesis is focused on the introduction to drama as a separate object with its principles and the principles of working with drama, on its methods and techniques. We will introduce here the work of teachers of drama education and training opportunities in this field. In terms of psychology, the work deals with the development of speech in children and the ability to learn a new language, so that we get the most lasting effect in the preservation of the skills acquired in the memory. An integral part of this work is also didactic teaching of foreign languages and its characteristics. Required skills in a foreign language, then set the General Educational Programme for Basic Education, which allows us to set learning goals. The theoretical part is also a methodology to creating tutorials foreign language with the use of drama in education and its reflection. The practical part contains taught lessons on selected topics of the English language, where I used drama as a teaching resource.

The diploma thesis Teaching English Effectively with an Interactive Whiteboard deals with the phenomenon of interactive whiteboards; their characteristics, installation in schools, possible ways of use and contributions to English lessons. The main aims are to examine the tool from various perspectives, to research the situation of IWBs in the Czech Republic and to provide technical as well as methodological support for teachers of English as a foreign language. The theoretical part summarises facts about interactive whiteboards on the basis of worldwide research and publications, whereas the main body is more teacher-oriented and focuses on the practical aspects of using IWBs at schools. Therefore, it includes a survey, guidelines with many ideas, sample activities created in the software ActiveInspire and accompanied by a detailed commentary, and finally, training for teachers which was organised in Prague. Digital appendices form an inseparable part of the thesis. Key words: interactive whiteboard (IWB), English teaching, methodology, technology, ActivInspire, guidelines

Pesquisa desenvolvida numa escola da rede municipal de ensino de São Paulo com o intuito de buscar diferentes perspectivas educacionais em que o ensino da língua inglesa pudesse ser reapropriado e ajustado aos interesses de aprendizagem locais da língua, tida como franca. Para isso, fez-se uso não somente dos dados gerados e coletados no campo da pesquisa com os procedimentos da etnografia aplicados à educação como também de bibliografia relevante da área, com enfoque principal nos textos que documentam a legislação brasileira sobre educação em diversos momentos históricos e nos pressupostos dos autores dos Novos e Multiletramentos e da Decolonialidade. A escola, campo da pesquisa, se apresentou como um exemplo satisfatório para ilustrar diversos pontos levantados ao longo da parte teórica do trabalho. / Abstract: Research developed at a public school in the city of Sao Paulo aiming at investigating different educational perspectives in which the English Language Teaching could be readapted and adjusted to the local interests and needs of the students. To accomplish this plan, we made use not only of the data produced and collected on the field of research with ethnographic procedures applied to educational research as well as relevant bibliography on the area, focusing mainly on the texts that documented Brazilian laws on education at different historical moments and the theories of New and Multiliteracies and of Decoloniality. The school, field of research, proved itself to be a good example in order to highlight several concerns which were brought by most of the theoretical concepts of this work.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-12-01T12:12:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Paula Telles da Costa Fernandes.pdf: 2698687 bytes, checksum: 46540864ba0c8122b51a2edb0a0b3b8e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-01T12:12:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paula Telles da Costa Fernandes.pdf: 2698687 bytes, checksum: 46540864ba0c8122b51a2edb0a0b3b8e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-16 / This doctoral dissertation provides a study on the reasons why two non-governmental English as a Foreign Language (EFL) courses in São Paulo failed to be successful. Empirical data for this study were provided by NGOs in two different neighborhoods in São Paulo – Morumbi and Alto de Pinheiros. The stated mission of both NGOs is to complement the education of underprivileged children and teenagers with out-of-school two-year-long EFL courses. The study on these courses started in March 2013 and was scheduled to end in November 2014. At the Morumbi NGO twelve students started the course, but none completed it. At the Alto de Pinheiros NGO only two out of thirteen students completed the course. This study explores the reasons why these courses were not successful as it reviews not only the NGOs’ proposals, but also discursive and institutional issues that led to students dropping out of the courses. The approach taken by such NGOs to enroll and take action on students is believed to be reason why most teenagers will never complete their EFL course. Despite such failure, data analysis and interpretation has shown that even students who dropped the course had a positive experience both in the learning/teaching field and interpersonal relationships that stemmed from the learning environment. Besides, the two teenagers who actually completed the EFL course showed progress in their English proficiency. Essential to the theoretical ground of this study is the concept of school failure by Patto (2010) and Charlot (2000). This doctoral dissertation is a cross-disciplinary study in Applied Linguistics. References were found in the fields of Law, Psychology, Education, and Sociology, as well as Bakthin’s theories on dialogical perspectives. In order to reach the aims of this study, two questions were posed as follows: 1 Considering the NGOs’ proposals and objectives while teaching/learning EFL: a) What discourses are found in such proposals and objectives? b) To what extent have these objectives been achieved? 2 Considering the NGOs’ participants, what do their enunciation approaches show about: a) the NGOs’ EFL learner as a subject? b) EFL teaching/learning? c) their ideological perspectives? This ethnographic study yielded data along two years and two months. The corpus is comprised by information gathered on the NGOs’ official websites and Facebook pages, and also semi-structured interviews with NGO coordinators, instructors and students. This research aims to add to the debate about the role played by educational NGOs in Brazil and how important EFL teaching is to underprivileged children and teenagers / Esta tese tem por objetivo investigar a construção do fracasso de dois cursos de inglês como língua estrangeira em organizações não governamentais situadas no município de São Paulo. As ONGs que constituíram o campo empírico desta investigação situam-se em locais distintos da cidade: uma no bairro do Morumbi e outra no Alto de Pinheiros. Ambas têm como missão a educação complementar de crianças e adolescentes de baixa renda fora do período escolar e oferecem cursos de inglês com duração de dois anos. Os cursos investigados iniciaram-se em março de 2013 com término previsto para novembro de 2014. Na ONG situada no bairro do Morumbi, doze alunos iniciaram o curso e nenhum deles o terminou. Na ONG situada no Alto de Pinheiros, treze alunos iniciaram o curso e dois o concluíram. Este estudo pretende analisar a construção do fracasso e considera, de um lado, as propostas das organizações e, de outro, os aspectos discursivos e institucionais e que favorecem a exclusão dos alunos. Acredita-se que a forma pela qual as organizações recebem esses alunos e exercem ação sobre eles acaba por excluir a maior parte dos adolescentes que ingressa em tais cursos de inglês. Apesar do fracasso, a análise e a interpretação dos dados apontam que até mesmo os alunos que não terminaram o curso vivenciaram-no de forma positiva, seja do ponto de vista do ensino-aprendizagem, seja das relações humanas construídas nesses espaços. Pode-se afirmar também que os dois adolescentes que terminaram o curso demonstraram progresso no idioma. O quadro teórico utilizado baseia-se no conceito de fracasso escolar proposto por Patto (2010) e Charlot (2000). Este estudo insere-se na área de Linguística Aplicada e tem natureza transdisciplinar. Está centrado em trabalhos desenvolvidos no campo do Direito, da Psicologia, da Educação e da Sociologia e na teoria bakhtiniana a partir da perspectiva dialógica. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto, elaboraram-se as seguintes perguntas de pesquisa: 1 Em relação às propostas e aos objetivos estabelecidos pelas ONGs no que diz respeito ao ensino-aprendizagem de inglês como língua estrangeira: a) quais são os discursos presentes nessas propostas e objetivos? b) em que medida esses objetivos são alcançados? 2 Em relação aos participantes de pesquisa, o que os posicionamentos enunciativos revelam sobre: a) o sujeito-aprendiz de inglês das ONGs? b) o ensino-aprendizagem de inglês? c) suas perspectivas ideológicas? A geração de dados deste estudo de caso etnográfico ocorreu ao longo de dois anos e dois meses. O corpus é constituído de informações retiradas dos sites oficiais das ONGs e da rede social Facebook bem como de entrevistas semiestruturadas com os coordenadores das organizações, seus professores e alunos. A pesquisa pretende contribuir para a reflexão sobre o papel das ONGs que atuam na área educacional em nosso país e sobre a importância do ensino-aprendizagem do inglês para crianças e adolescentes de baixa renda

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-12-02T12:37:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mariana Menezes Paglione Vedana.pdf: 848061 bytes, checksum: 55650c7ddadf2ed6a4ddb97e9c9a7f7e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-02T12:37:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mariana Menezes Paglione Vedana.pdf: 848061 bytes, checksum: 55650c7ddadf2ed6a4ddb97e9c9a7f7e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this paper is determining what behaviors can assure effective classroom management within the context of teaching English as a foreign language to children at primary school age, in a language school. Classroom management here implies the behaviors adopted by the teacher when planning and organizing teaching activities. It also refers to the behaviors regarding the establishment of rules and procedures as well as monitoring the students in following these rules. This leads to both consistency in the selection of consequences when the rules are broken and positive reinforcers when they are properly followed, as well as the adoption of a system that promotes the development of responsibility and the ability to communicate information. This research involved filming two teachers in different groups throughout six classes. Based on the assumptions of the Behavior Analysis approach and in the proactive interventions proposed by Rathvon (2008), six categories have been found for the registry and evaluation of the teachers’ behavior. The occurrence and frequency as well as the non-occurrence of these behaviors were registered. The results show that both teachers managed to keep a productive classroom environment most of the time, however, the establishment of rules and procedures was less effective and consistent and that on very few occasions did transitions occur in a fast and organized way. Besides, the objectives for both individual and group activities were not always fully explained. As to instructions, they sounded quite clear when given by one of the teachers and not quite so by the other. Similarly, more reprimands than praises were delivered by one teacher whereas the opposite occurred during the other teacher’s lessons. Finally, there was no record of any activities with the objective of teaching pro-social behaviors. It was thus concluded that though not entirely inserted in a teaching pattern scenario, where teacher and students have a daily meeting, and also considering that the English language as the means for communication is still under the process of acquisition, the defining aspects of effective management apply as much to teachers of a language school as those of a regular school. Therefore, it is proposed that the training of English teachers contemplate their ability to deal with these issues / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar quais comportamentos do professor são variáveis independentes de uma gestão eficaz de sala de aula, dentro do contexto de ensino de inglês para crianças em idade escolar, em uma escola de idiomas. Entende-se por gestão, o manejo da sala de aula, isto é, os comportamentos do professor ao planejar e organizar atividades instrucionais bem como os comportamentos que dizem respeito ao estabelecimento de regras e procedimentos, o monitoramento dos alunos no seguimento dos mesmos, a consistência na instituição de consequências quando as regras são quebradas e reforçadores positivos para o seu cumprimento, o estabelecimento de um sistema que promova o desenvolvimento da responsabilidade, e a habilidade de comunicar informações. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de gravações de aula de duas professoras em turmas distintas, ao longo de uma sequência didática, o que correspondeu a seis aulas. Com base nos pressupostos da abordagem da Análise do Comportamento e nas intervenções proativas propostas por Rathvon (2008), foram levantadas seis categorias para registro e avaliação dos comportamentos das professoras, de forma que a ocorrência ou não ocorrência e frequência destes comportamentos foram registradas. Verificou-se que as professoras mantiveram um ambiente de sala de aula produtivo na maior parte do tempo; também se constatou que o estabelecimento de regras e procedimentos foi feito de forma pouco eficaz e consistente por ambas e que em poucas ocasiões as transições ocorreram de forma rápida e organizada. Além disso, os objetivos para as atividades individuais e em grupo foram explicitados em apenas algumas ocasiões, enquanto as instruções feitas por uma professora foram sempre claras e pela outra nem sempre. Ademais, foram feitos mais repreensões do que elogios por uma professora e o oposto se deu com a outra. Finalmente, não foi registrada nenhuma atividade que tivesse como objetivo o ensino de comportamentos pró-sociais. Assim, foi possível verificar que apesar de não se tratar de um cenário instrucional padrão, no qual existe um encontro diário entre alunos e professor e de a via de comunicação, o inglês, ainda estar em processo de aquisição por parte dos aprendizes, os aspectos definidores de uma gestão eficaz se aplicam a ele tanto quanto a uma sala de ensino regular e propõe-se que o treinamento do professor de inglês contemple sua capacitação para a emissão de tais comportamentos

Pesquisa desenvolvida numa escola da rede municipal de ensino de São Paulo com o intuito de buscar diferentes perspectivas educacionais em que o ensino da língua inglesa pudesse ser reapropriado e ajustado aos interesses de aprendizagem locais da língua, tida como franca. Para isso, fez-se uso não somente dos dados gerados e coletados no campo da pesquisa com os procedimentos da etnografia aplicados à educação como também de bibliografia relevante da área, com enfoque principal nos textos que documentam a legislação brasileira sobre educação em diversos momentos históricos e nos pressupostos dos autores dos Novos e Multiletramentos e da Decolonialidade. A escola, campo da pesquisa, se apresentou como um exemplo satisfatório para ilustrar diversos pontos levantados ao longo da parte teórica do trabalho. / Abstract: Research developed at a public school in the city of Sao Paulo aiming at investigating different educational perspectives in which the English Language Teaching could be readapted and adjusted to the local interests and needs of the students. To accomplish this plan, we made use not only of the data produced and collected on the field of research with ethnographic procedures applied to educational research as well as relevant bibliography on the area, focusing mainly on the texts that documented Brazilian laws on education at different historical moments and the theories of New and Multiliteracies and of Decoloniality. The school, field of research, proved itself to be a good example in order to highlight several concerns which were brought by most of the theoretical concepts of this work.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:22:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paula Telles da Costa Fernandes.pdf: 6024293 bytes, checksum: ef8023785926096e3cf3b195ce53b1ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-12 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This paper aims to examine the ideological aspects related to teaching-learning English as a foreign language at a public school. It is intended to contribute to a better understanding of such aspects, which are raised both in the teacher s discourse and in his/her classroom practices. The concept of ideology as applied in this paper stems from Bakhtin & The Circle, and refers to ideology as a way in which one views the world. However, while embracing Bakhtin & The Circle s concept of ideology as essentially social and historical, this paper is also theoretically grounded in Apple s perspectives about ideology and education as well as Bakhtin/Voloshinov s works on ideological sign. The most significant common ground between these theories lies on their identification with Marxist ideas. Therefore, historical dialectical Marxism underlies the theoretical framework of all these writers. This research was carried out on a critical basis (Kincheloe & Mc Laren) within a qualitative paradigm, and was based on classes and reflective talks with two English teachers from a São Paulo State public school. Data were gathered throughout seven months (from May to November, 2009) and showed a clear relationship between the teacher s ideology and his/her classroom practices. The analysis provided in this paper brings forth the discourse topics that better explain the core issue of this research, i.e. public school English teaching-learning based on reading and writing practices allied with a great emphasis on translating words and sentences that are ultimately detached from a linguistic situational context. The results suggest that there is a strong relationship between the teacher s ideology and his/her classroom practices while teaching English at a public school / Este trabalho tem por objetivo investigar os aspectos ideológicos relacionados ao ensino-aprendizagem de inglês como língua estrangeira na escola pública. Pretende contribuir, portanto, para um melhor entendimento das ideologias que se manifestam tanto no discurso do professor como em sua prática em sala de aula. Para isso, adotou-se o conceito de ideologia, proposto por Bakhtin e o Círculo, considerando a sua constituição sócio-histórica. A fundamentação teórica apoia-se também nos estudos de Apple sobre ideologia e educação e na perspectiva de Bakhtin/Voloshinov, no diz respeito ao signo ideológico. O maior ponto de intersecção entre esses teóricos é a identificação com o pensamento marxista, já que o materialismo histórico dialético está presente como referencial comum às teorias desses autores. Os procedimentos metodológicos consideram o paradigma qualitativo, seguindo uma linha crítica de Kincheloe e Mc Laren. Os dados estão embasados nas aulas e nas conversas reflexivas com dois professores de inglês de uma escola pública estadual da cidade de São Paulo. A coleta foi realizada ao longo de sete meses (de maio de 2009 a novembro de 2009). A análise traz os tópicos discursivos que melhor explicam a problemática central da pesquisa: um ensinoaprendizagem de inglês no contexto da escola pública pautado por atividades de leitura e escrita e uma grande ênfase na tradução de palavras e frases dissociadas de seu contexto linguistico e situacional. Os resultados obtidos apontam para uma forte relação entre ideologia e prática do professor de inglês da escola pública

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:22:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Isabel Souto Ottoni de Andrade.pdf: 224142 bytes, checksum: 0a4a7142ae73ec4cea3e01e52ed0db18 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-28 / The present study aimed to identify the needs perceived by students of English as a foreign language in the context of global English. Recent linguistic studies, as in Rajagopalan, Pennycook and Graddol, have been discussing the role of English language in the current world. Global English embraces several variations of English, not only countries which speak it as a first language, but also countries which speak it as a second language and the others which speak it as a foreign language. Therefore, global English does not refer to only one variation of English language, but to several ways of speaking the idiom throughout the world. Consequently, new concerns regarding the teaching and learning of English and the needs of students have arisen, for example what variation of English should be prioritized when teaching the language. The following questions were the basis of our analysis: 1) What are the needs perceived by the students of English as a foreign language in the context of global English? 1.1) What variations of English language guide the students? 1.2) How do the students perceive English as a global language in different situations? In order to answer these questions, data was collected, through semi structured interviews, from students who learn English in private classes and speak the idiom in different situations, like work, studies and travel. This research is a case study and its data was analyzed according to Bardin and interpreted qualitatively. The results have shown that, although most of the interviewed students say that their need when speaking English is just intelligible communication, there is still an aspiration for specific variations of the language, the idealization of native speakers and the worry about grammar and pronunciation mistakes / Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar as necessidades percebidas pelos alunos de inglês como língua estrangeira no contexto do inglês como idioma global. Recentes estudos linguísticos, como os de Rajagopalan, Pennycook e Graddol, tem discutido o papel da língua inglesa no mundo atual. O inglês entendido como idioma global abrange inúmeras variações da língua inglesa, dentre elas a de países que a utilizam como primeira língua, países que a utilizam como segunda língua e os demais que a utilizam como língua estrangeira. Portanto, o inglês global não se refere a apenas uma determinada variação do idioma, mas a diversas formas de falar inglês por todo o mundo. Assim, novas preocupações com relação ao ensino-aprendizagem de inglês e às necessidades dos alunos surgiram, como qual a variação de inglês a ser priorizada no ensino do idioma. Para embasar este estudo, colocamos as seguintes perguntas que nortearam a pesquisa: 1) Quais as necessidades percebidas pelos alunos de inglês como língua estrangeira no contexto do inglês como idioma global? 1.1) Quais variações de língua inglesa norteiam os alunos? 1.2) Como os alunos percebem o inglês como idioma global nas situações que vivenciam? Para responder a estas perguntas, foram coletados dados, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, de alunos que fazem aulas particulares de inglês e utilizam o idioma em situações variadas, como trabalho, estudo e viagens. A pesquisa constituiu-se como um estudo de caso, cujos dados foram analisados segundo a proposta de Bardin e interpretados de maneira qualitativa. Os resultados mostraram que, embora a maioria dos alunos entrevistados afirme que sua necessidade ao utilizar o inglês é apenas a comunicação de maneira inteligível, ainda existe a aspiração a variações específicas de inglês, a idealização de falantes nativos e a preocupação com erros gramaticais e de pronúncia