Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:19:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Maria Carolina Terra Heberlein.pdf: 898752 bytes, checksum: 3439a9986da4defbb62583c181d81c10 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-10 / This is a case study which sought to identify and understand the use of communication strategies in the context of an English classroom in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. The interactions among four (4) students of the seventh semester of an English course were observed. The research instruments used in this study were recordings in audio and video and field notes made by the researcher. In addition to this, a sociocultural questionnaire was applied in order to gather more information about the participants. For the data analysis, Tarone‟s taxonomy of communication strategies (1983) was used, which divides the strategies into three (3) main categories (paraphrase, borrowing and avoidance) and nine (9) subcategories (paraphrase: approximation, word coinage and circumlocution; borrowing: literal translation, language switch, appeal for assistance and mime; avoidance: topic avoidance and message abandonment). After identifying and categorizing these strategies found in the data, I analyzed them, observed the interactions in which they appeared and the way they were used. Also, some discussions about relevant issues related to the strategy use were raised, such as: the use of mother tongue in the L2 learning, the way the communicative approach has been understood in the language classrooms, the accuracy belief and the parallel between communication versus accuracy. The kind of research developed was a qualitative case study, which means that the number of participants was restrict (4) and the focus of analysis was on the process through which students went during their learning, and not on its ending. Commonly, this work tried to investigate and portray the way communication strategies are used and problematize issues related to this topic. The specific objectives of this research were to identify and categorize the communication strategies used, analyze their uses and relate them to other issues related to English language teaching as a foreign language. We observed a significant frequency of mixed strategies in the context studied, which reflects learners‟ effort to get various types of support during their interactions. / Este é um estudo de caso que buscou identificar e compreender o uso de estratégias de comunicação em um contexto de sala de aula de língua inglesa em Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil. Foram observadas as interações entre quatro (4) alunos em um curso de sétimo período de inglês de uma escola de idiomas. Os instrumentos utilizados nesta pesquisa foram gravações em áudio e vídeo e anotações de campo feitas pela pesquisadora. Além disso, um questionário sociocultural foi aplicado para que fosse possível colher mais informações acerca dos participantes. Para a análise dos dados, foi usada a Taxonomia das estratégias de comunicação apresentada por Tarone (1983), a qual divide as estratégias em três (3) categorias maiores (paráfrase, empréstimo e evitação) e nove (9) subcategorias (paráfrase: aproximação, cunhagem e circunlocução; empréstimo: tradução literal, mudança de língua, pedido de ajuda e mímica; evitação: evitação do tópico e abandono da mensagem). Após a identificação e categorização destas estratégias nos dados, foi feito um trabalho de análise das mesmas, observando as interações nas quais elas apareciam e a forma como foram usadas. Também foram levantadas discussões acerca de questões pertinentes ao uso das estratégias, tais como: o uso da língua materna no aprendizado de L2, a forma como a abordagem comunicativa vem sendo entendida em sala de aula, a crença da acuidade e o paralelo entre comunicação versus acuidade. O tipo de pesquisa desenvolvido foi um estudo de caso qualitativo, ou seja, o número de participantes é restrito (4), e o foco da análise está no processo pelo qual os alunos passam durante a aprendizagem e não no resultado dela. De forma geral, este trabalho procurou investigar e retratar o modo como são usadas as estratégias de comunicação e problematizar questões referentes a este assunto. Os objetivos específicos desta pesquisa foram identificar e categorizar as estratégias de comunicação utilizadas, analisar seus usos e relacioná-las a outras questões referentes ao ensino de língua inglesa como LE. Foi observada uma frequência significativa de entrelaçamento de estratégias no contexto pesquisado, o que reflete a busca dos aprendizes por diversos tipos de apoio durante suas interações.

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2016-06-15T14:31:55Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mariana Santana Ofugi - 2016.pdf: 2631956 bytes, checksum: 06c0223f8ff61564ab064ddb7b50f6c2 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-06-28T11:37:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mariana Santana Ofugi - 2016.pdf: 2631956 bytes, checksum: 06c0223f8ff61564ab064ddb7b50f6c2 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-28T11:37:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mariana Santana Ofugi - 2016.pdf: 2631956 bytes, checksum: 06c0223f8ff61564ab064ddb7b50f6c2 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-08 / This study aims at investigating in what ways the work with the flipped classroom (a procedure through which students should study specific parts of the course content at home, through videos, for example, before they are discussed in the classroom) can help English as a foreign language students become more autonomous in their learning process. It also aims at analyzing the perceptions of the students and the teacher-researcher after they have worked under the flipped classroom model. This qualitative case study research was carried out at the Language Center at the Federal University of Goiás. 14 learners, mostly university students, and the teacher-researcher participated in the research. The data collection instruments were a questionnaire applied to students before they started working with the flipped classroom, an interview with the learners which was conducted by the end of the term, three video recorded classes and the field notes created by the teacher-researcher. The results showed that the learners displayed various signs of developing autonomy and a high level of cooperation throughout the classes. Their perceptions regarding the work with the flipped classroom were, for the most part, positive: many of them said they benefitted from being able to access the class content beforehand, and other learners stated that they preferred the flipped classes, since they were more dynamic. Some of the negative perceptions regard the fact that oftentimes they would forget to watch the videos, since they were not used to working under this technique. The teacher-researcher also benefitted from the work with the flipped classroom, mostly because it proved to be challenging and stimulating. In the final thoughts section, we discuss aspects such as the necessity of the teacher carefully performing an evaluation of their class before starting the work with the flipped classroom. This should be done in order to ensure all students have access to the materials and that they know what is expected from them in this way of having classes, which is probably new to them. / O presente trabalho tem como principais objetivos verificar de que formas o trabalho com a sala de aula invertida (SAI), um procedimento pelo qual os alunos devem estudar o material em casa, por meio de vídeos, por exemplo, antes de ele ser abordado em sala de aula, pode auxiliar os aprendizes de inglês como LE a se tornarem mais autônomos em seu processo de aprendizagem, além de investigar quais são as percepções desses aprendizes e da professorapesquisadora ao trabalharem sob esse modelo. Trata-se de um estudo de caso qualitativo realizado no Centro de Línguas da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Participaram da pesquisa 14 alunos, em sua maioria universitários, e a professora-pesquisadora. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados utilizados foram um questionário aplicado aos alunos antes do início do trabalho com a sala de aula invertida, uma entrevista com os aprendizes realizada ao fim do semestre, três aulas gravadas em vídeo e as notas de campo da professora-pesquisadora. Os resultados mostram que os aprendizes demonstraram diversos sinais de desenvolvimento de autonomia e uma maior cooperação entre si ao longo das aulas. Suas percepções a respeito do trabalho com a sala de aula invertida foram, em sua maioria, positivas: muitos alegaram terem se beficiado de poder ter acesso ao conteúdo da aula de antemão, e outros disseram que preferiram as aulas sob a SAI por elas apresentarem uma dinamicidade maior. A professorapesquisadora também se beneficiou do trabalho com a sala de aula invertida, que se mostrou desafiador e estimulante. As percepções negativas envolvem o fato de que muitas vezes eles se esqueceram de assistir aos vídeos, pois não estavam acostumados com essa técnica. Nas considerações finais, são discutidos aspectos como a necessidade de uma avaliação atenta do professor antes de iniciar o trabalho com a SAI, para que se tenha certeza de que todos os alunos terão acesso ao material e de que eles saibam exatamente o que se espera deles em um ambiente que provavelmente trará diferentes desafios para os aprendizes.

A língua inglesa na formação do estudante do ensino médio integrado à Educação Profissional Técnica (EMIEPT) é uma área que tem suscitado pesquisas em várias vertentes. A compreensão desse contexto, mais especificamente localizado no Instituto Federal do Paraná (IFPR), é a preocupação principal desta pesquisa pela complexidade e diversidade das questões que compõem esse cenário. Para tanto, desenvolvemos uma pesquisa de natureza descritivo-interpretativa, dividida em duas fases: indexação de pesquisas realizadas em contextos semelhantes e coleta de dados em campo no IFPR. O desenho da pesquisa viabilizou o afunilamento das tendências que caracterizam o EMIEPT, de forma mais geral, para a compreensão do contexto mais específico por meio do levantamento de concepções e práticas dos professores do IFPR, identificadas em planos de ensino, questionários e entrevistas. No total foram analisados os dados obtidos a partir de 22 planos de ensino, 18 questionários e seis entrevistas, os quais tiveram como informantes os professores de LI do IFPR. Os resultados da primeira fase evidenciam um movimento crescente de pesquisas realizadas no EMIEPT por professores que atuam no contexto. Essa evidência evoca tanto a necessidade de busca de soluções para conflitos inerentes ao contexto como a necessidade de formação continuada, apontada em várias pesquisas. A análise dos dados da segunda fase aponta, entre outros, que os profissionais que ensinam LI no IFPR recebem pouca formação continuada sobre os fundamentos filosóficos e epistemológicos da modalidade de ensino na qual atuam. O resultado das análises das entrevistas corrobora os dados levantados nos questionários, mostrando as tendências no trabalho do professor de LI do IFPR, suas preocupações e dificuldades. Os resultados obtidos por meio da análise dos planos de ensino bem como a construção das relações entre os dados das duas fases da pesquisa permitiram o levantamento das contradições, sobreposições e convergências presentes no multifacetado cenário do ensino de LI no EMIEPT do IFPR. Os resultados apontam, também, que nesse contexto de ensino prioriza-se a formação geral do estudante, e a integração com a formação profissional fica restrita a aspectos superficiais. Conclui-se que o cenário demanda dois tipos de ações que podem contribuir para o ensino de LI: formação continuada em serviço e engajamento político dos profissionais que atuam na área. / English language education within Vocational Secondary School Education (Ensino Médio Integrado à Educação Profissional Técnica EMIEPT) is a prolific area that has generated research in various angles. Understanding this context, more specifically placed at the Federal Institute of Paraná (IFPR) is the main concern of this research due to the complexity and diversity of the issues that make up this scenario. We develop a descriptive-interpretative research organized in two phases: research indexation in literature and field work. The research design enables us to narrow down the tendencies from the broader ones that characterize the EMIEPT towards the ones that are context-related within the IFPR by identifying concepts and practices of IFPR teachers through the analysis of twenty-two teaching plans, eighteen questionnaires and six interviews. The results of the literature indexation show a growing research movement in EMIEPT carried out by teacher-researchers who work in this context. This evidence evokes both the need for finding solutions to conflicts inside the context and the need for continuing education. The analysis of the questionnaires shows that the professionals who teach English language at IFPR receive little continuing education on the philosophical and epistemological foundations of EMIEPT. The results of the interviews analysis corroborate the data showing tendencies in English language teaching practices at IFPR, mainly teachers concerns and difficulties. The results obtained through the analysis of teaching plans and cross-analysis between the data of the two phases of the research allows us to describe the contradictions, overlaps and similarities present in the multifaceted scenario of English Language education in the EMIEPT at IFPR. The results also show that this teaching context gives priority to student general education and the integration with vocational education is restricted to superficial aspects. In conclusion, the scenario claims for two types of actions that could contribute to the improvement of quality in English language education: continuing education for teachers and political engagement of professionals working in the area.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:55:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Estela -1- -2- (2).pdf: 1527393 bytes, checksum: ffd7ec3256d75a756983ee7d2d8c3470 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-15 / The theme of this research is to work with the discursive genre in grades of 6 to 9 years of elementary education in public schools in the State Network, from what is proposed in the State Curriculum Guidelines (PARANÁ, 2008). Interest in the subject is based on the concern that, in working with the language does not consider the genres, we incur the risk of focusing on the language just as form and structure, revealing another conception of language that departs from that advocated by this document curriculum that guides education in the State of Paraná. From this perspective, our purpose was to answer the following research questions: a) What is the understanding of the Professor of Portuguese Language (LP) in the state schools of Cascavel, in relation to the theoretical and methodological assumptions of State Curriculum Guidelines, at work with genres in the classroom? b) How does this understanding is transpiring in the teaching of discipline referrals? c) Continuous training supplied by the State after the publication of the State Curriculum Guidelines has favored the understanding of theoretical and methodological assumptions of this document? As a general objective we propose to check on going work with the genres in groups of 6 to 9 years of elementary school in Cascavel State public network, from what is proposed in the State Curriculum Guidelines and the training, after the implementation of the document, contributing in some way for that to happen. In order that the goal was met, it was necessary to elect a theoretical framework that were in accord with what is proposed by the DCE, to explore concepts such as dialogical conception of language, speech, discursive genres, utterance and text, which are presented by Bakhtin / Volochínov (2009 [1929]) and Bakhtin (2003 [1979]; 2010 [1929]; 2010 [1975]). Resorted also to other authors who share this theory: Brait (2003, 2005, 2012); Rodrigues (2005); Faraco (2009, 2011); Acosta-Pereira (2013); Costa Hübes (2014); among others. It is, therefore, a search that is included in the Applied Linguistics, given that he turned to the study of language in the educational field. As for the methodological perspective, this research enroll in a qualitative-interpretative approach, ethnographic, case study. The subjects were 4 teachers working in the final years of elementary school in two state schools in Cascavel, and the data was generated through interviews and classroom observation. As a result, we found that teachers facing as research subjects, even though not fully understanding the theoretical and methodological basis of the document and not getting enough subsidies through FC offered by the state, teach your classes around the content discursive genre with autonomy, exploiting it in accordance with their knowledge on the subject / O tema desta pesquisa é o trabalho com os gêneros discursivos em turmas de 6º a 9º anos do Ensino Fundamental, em escolas públicas da Rede Estadual, a partir do que está proposto nas Diretrizes Curriculares Estaduais DCE (PARANÁ, 2008). Esse interesse pelo tema sustenta-se na preocupação de que, se no trabalho com a linguagem não considerarmos os gêneros discursivos, incorremos no risco de focar a língua apenas como forma e estrutura, revelando, assim, outra concepção de linguagem que se distancia daquela defendida por esse documento curricular que norteia o ensino no Estado do Paraná. Nessa perspectiva, nosso propósito foi responder às seguintes perguntas de pesquisa: a) Qual é a compreensão do professor da disciplina de Língua Portuguesa (LP), na rede estadual de ensino de Cascavel, em relação aos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos das DCE, no trabalho com os gêneros discursivos na sala de aula? b) De que forma essa compreensão está transparecendo nos encaminhamentos didáticos da disciplina? c) A formação continuada (FC) ofertada pelo Estado, após a publicação das DCE, tem favorecido a compreensão dos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos desse documento? Para isso, propomos, como objetivo geral, verificar como estava ocorrendo o trabalho com os gêneros discursivos em turmas de 6º a 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental da rede pública Estadual de Cascavel, a partir do que está proposto nas DCE e se as formações, após a implementação do documento, contribuíram de alguma forma. Para que esse objetivo se materializasse, foi necessário eleger um quadro teórico que coadunasse com o que é proposto pelas DCE, ao explorar conceitos como concepção dialógica de linguagem, discurso, gêneros discursivos, enunciado e texto, os quais são apresentados por Bakhtin/Volochínov (2009[1929]) e Bakhtin (2003[1979]; 2010[1929]; 2010[1975]). Recorremos, ainda, a outros autores que compartilham dessa teoria: Brait (2003, 2005, 2012); Rodrigues (2005); Faraco (2009, 2011); Acosta-Pereira (2013); Costa-Hübes (2014); dentre outros. Trata-se, assim, de uma pesquisa que se insere na Linguística Aplicada, tendo em vista que se voltou para o estudo da linguagem no âmbito educacional. Quanto à perspectiva metodológica, inscreve-se dentro de uma abordagem qualitativa-interpretativista, de cunho etnográfico, estudo de caso. Os sujeitos foram 4 professoras que atuam nos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental em duas escolas estaduais no Município de Cascavel, e os dados foram gerados por meio de entrevistas e observação de aulas. Como resultado, concluímos que as docentes que se colocaram como sujeitos da pesquisa, mesmo não compreendendo integralmente a base teórico-metodológica do documento e não obtendo subsídios suficientes por meio das FC ofertadas pelo Estado, ministram suas aulas em torno do conteúdo gênero discursivo com autonomia, explorando-o de acordo com o conhecimento que têm sobre o assunto.

Technology has become an integral part in the realm of education. The flipped classroom is a recent teaching method where students can watch instructional online videos outside the classroom that actively engage them in their learning process. Although this trend has gained momentum in many disciples and there are many studies available, research behind language acquisition through the flipped classroom model is limited. Still it is implemented by many teachers in the upper secondary school in Sweden. The aim of this study is to investigate the benefits and drawbacks of the flipped classroom in the EFL context and to see if the Flipped Classroom enhances interactive skil ls in students’ language learning. Peer reviewed research articles were used and data has been collected through research behind the Flipped Classroom. The perceptions behind it were divided. Some teachers and students experienced the Flipped Classroom as something positive with regard to availability of material, the promotion of active learning for students and enhancement in language interaction. Along with these, criticism made on this teaching method is that creating material to be available online was time consuming and that perceived an increase in the homework load. As regards oral interaction, both teachers and students felt that it did enhance skills in speaking since preparation before class lead to qualitative time for interaction with the teacher during class, something that was very limited before implementing the flipped classroom model. This review suggests that there is a demand for further studies in the area of English language teaching and English language acquisition in the Swedish context of upper secondary education.

English is a global language with hundreds of millions of speakers all over the world. In Sweden,English is one of the most important subjects in primary and upper secondary school. As a guideand supplement, many teachers use textbooks in their teaching, but not much research has beenconducted on the contents of textbooks and how it may influence students’ worldview.This study aims to investigate how different speakers of English are constituted in four textbooksfrom English level 5 in the Swedish upper secondary school. The purpose of the study is to shedlight on possible problems that might arise with unreflected use of textbooks and it is based ondiscourse theory and the Concentric Circles Model. The authors reach the conclusion that thetextbooks constitute a reality where the traditional core of native English speaking countriesdominates the English-speaking world. Furthermore, the analysed textbooks were found not tofollow several of the directives set down in the national curriculum. Hopefully this study willcontribute to broaden the research field of textbook analysis in Sweden.

This study aims at investigating the effectiveness of modified inductive learning compared with deductive learning of English grammar among foreign language students. In order to achieve this purpose, two classes in Year Nine in a secondary school in Sweden were taught using the two different methods. An initial grammar test determined that the students struggled with word order, which as a result was chosen as the area to teach. A pre-test/post-test-design was used to examine the effect of the two methods, and compared with a control group. The results reveal that the inductive method should be favoured overall, but suggests that the deductive method may produce significantly better results among weaker students.

This thesis focuses on the topic of teaching practicum in training teachers of EFL. The practicum is regarded as a complex didactic tool realized for a specific purpose with a specific aim. The theoretical part of the thesis presents the concept of practicum and the role of its participants. Furthermore, it presents the practicum models used in Finland, Germany and Belgium. Based on secondary literature and on the description of the practicum models used in the selected countries, the theoretical part proposes recommendations for enhancing the efficiency of practical training within the lifelong learning programme. The aim of the empirical part of this thesis is to find out how novice teachers evaluate their practical training and the beginning of their teaching career. The research is based on five case studies of teachers educated at the Faculty of Arts at Charles University and one case study of a teacher educated at the Faculty of Education at the University of South Bohemia. Semi- structured interviews were conducted to find out whether the novice teachers felt sufficiently prepared for their career and whether they consider the practicum model efficient. The research findings suggest that the practicum model used within the lifelong learning programme is inadequate and does not sufficiently...

The present thesis considers the topic of English as a Lingua Franca as it is perceived and experienced by three groups: the ELF research community, ELT professionals, and ELF users themselves. This thesis first presents an overview of the theoretical foundations of ELF research, identifying key topics with which the ELF research community has grappled in recent decades. In order to determine how much closer the ELT community has gotten to aligning teaching policy, practices, and goals to students' specific needs and expectations, sociolinguistic research in the form of seven semi-structured interviews was conducted with L2 English speakers who use ELF to live, work, and study in their daily lives, and the ELT professionals tasked with developing their English skills in the classroom. The content of these interviews is then analyzed with regard to the specific needs and expectations of ELF users and the concerns of ELT professionals, followed by a discussion of the key issues uncovered in these interviews in light of the theoretical background of ELF research. The author provides suggestions for further research aimed at improving the ELT community's role in developing ELF proficiency in the expanding circle. Keywords: English as a Lingua Franca, English Language Teaching, Expanding Circle, ELF...

The binary distinction of “native speaker” and “non-native speaker” (NS/NNS) remains the primary way in which professionals are categorised in the field of teaching English to speakers of other languages (TESOL). This distinction is problematic because it is used to place greater value on native English speaking teachers (NEST) over non-native English speaking teachers (NNESTs). This distinction is argued to be largely based on linguistic features (Medgyes 1992; Cook 1999). However the aspect of race remains to be adequately discussed (Kubota and Lin 2006).This thesis has its origins in my personal experiences with racism because, as a Canadian- Filipino, my employer and my students did not accept me as a “real” NEST because I am “non-white”. In my initial research, during my MA TESOL, into the professional experiences of racism I coined the acronym “VEM-NEST”: visible ethnic minority, native English speaking teacher. I used this term to describe the particular group of teachers, to which I belong, who do not easily fit into the available categories of NS/NNS, and consequently NEST/NNEST.My thesis reported on the experiences of nine VEM-NESTs and how they performed specific identities during specific events. Their experiences were presented as individual restoried narratives which were developed from the combination of the participants’ written stories and one-to-one interviews. The restoried narratives were analysed using an analytical lens based on Labov and Waletzky’s (1967) structural approach. The findings suggest that VEM-NESTs need to meet a certain amount of “native speaker” norms in order to be given the opportunity to perform their VEM-NEST role identities in specific situations. This has particular implications for how the NS/NNS binary distinction needs a more nuanced understanding as a way of addressing the inequalities embedded in the way TESOL professionals are valued.