Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:22:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luzia Colferai Araujo.pdf: 2524584 bytes, checksum: d5a3994565e28143ec8aec4b0e73140b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-22 / From a Vigotskian (1987/2008) socio-historic point of view language is viewed as a place of interaction and language teaching and learning takes into consideration the participants of the interaction in their specific socio-cultural context. The approach to language teaching based on the study of genres seems to agree with the vigotskian theory because when considering the fact that all kinds of communication take place through the use of genres, language teaching and learning will happen in contextualized interactive situations. The theoretical chapter of this study shows the concept of genre according to Swales (1990, 1998), the suggestion of genre analysis based on Bhatia (1993), the suggestion of a pedagogical approach for the study of genres detailed by Ramos (2004) and the suggestions contained on the official document in which the Department of Education of the State of São Paulo has proposed a new methodological direction for all State Schools called Proposta Curricular do Estado de São Paulo (2008). The corpus selected for this study can be divided into two parts: the first one documental consists of the teacher s notebook for the high school first year segundo volume da 1ª série do Ensino Médio dos Cadernos de Língua Inglesa distributed to the teachers by the São Paulo State Department of Education in 2008. The second part of the corpus consists of the answers given by a group of teachers to a questionnaire and two group interviews with the same group of participating teachers. The methods used to collect the data were the questionnaires (FLICK, 2009) and the group interviews (SEIDMAN, 1998, OPPENHEIM, 1992). This study, which can be characterized as qualitative interpretive (BASSEY, 2002, BORTONI-RICARDO, 2008, CHIZZOTTI, 2008, 1991) aims at answering the two following research questions: a) How do the activities in the notebook chosen for this study suggest the study of genres? b) What were the impressions of the teachers in relation to the distribution of the material to the schools and in relation to the suggestion for the study of genre? Data analysis reveals issues of fundamental importance that have to be reconsidered in relation to the activities proposed for the study of genres in the notebook analyzed. It also reveals issues in relation to teacher education suggesting that teachers need to be prepared to actually lead students to a real and meaningful learning of genres / Na concepção sócio-histórica de Vigotski (1987/2008), a língua é vista como um espaço de interação, e o ensino-aprendizagem leva em consideração os sujeitos da interação e o contexto sociocultural no qual estão inseridos. Uma abordagem que propõe o ensino de língua com base no estudo dos gêneros parece estar de acordo com a teoria vigotskiana, pois ao se considerar o fato de que toda a comunicação se dá por meio de algum gênero, o ensino-aprendizagem de língua acontece em situações contextualizadas de interação. A fundamentação teórica desta pesquisa trata do conceito de gêneros em Swales (1990, 1998), da proposta para análise de gêneros segundo Bhatia (1993), da sugestão de aplicação pedagógica para o estudo dos gêneros conforme Ramos (2004) e do encaminhamento sugerido na Proposta Curricular do Estado de São Paulo (SEE-SP 2008). O corpus selecionado para este estudo pode ser dividido em duas partes: a primeira documental , composta pela versão do professor do segundo volume da 1ª série do Ensino Médio dos Cadernos de Língua Inglesa que passaram a ser distribuídos pela Secretaria de Educação do Estado de São Paulo no ano de 2008 para os professores. A segunda parte é composta pelas respostas dadas a um questionário e a duas entrevistas coletivas realizadas junto ao grupo de professores participantes desta pesquisa. Os métodos de coleta de dados utilizados foram os questionários (FLICK, 2009) e as entrevistas coletivas (SEIDMAN, 1998, OPPENHEIM, 1992). Este estudo, de natureza qualitativa interpretativista (BASSEY, 2002, BORTONI-RICARDO, 2008, CHIZZOTTI, 2008, 1991), tem por objetivo responder às seguintes perguntas de pesquisa: a) De que maneira as atividades do segundo volume da 1ª série do Ensino Médio dos Cadernos de Língua Inglesa sugerem o estudo dos gêneros? b) Quais foram as impressões de um grupo de professores do estado com relação à distribuição do novo material nas escolas da rede e com relação ao estudo dos gêneros proposto no material? A análise dos dados revela haver questões de fundamental importância a serem repensadas no que diz respeito às atividades propostas para o estudo dos gêneros no Caderno e também com relação ao preparo de que os professores da rede necessitam para que estejam capacitados para, de fato, chegar a um estudo dos gêneros de modo a conduzir os alunos a um aprendizado real e significativo

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:22:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nilton Mendes.pdf: 1115919 bytes, checksum: 06cc844b484bacbf81f397758e4dee26 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-24 / The objective of this research is to understand critically the role of Improvisation in the activity of teaching and learning in English. This research seeks to understand critically the concept of performance proposed by Holzman on student participation in classroom scenes of improvisation. It also discusses their post discussion on the outcome of this activity to a critical-reflexive action in the world, from the production of shared meanings. The theoretical basis lies in the Activity Theory as initiated by the work of Vygotsky, along with Leontiev and Engeström, Play and the concepts of Vygotsky's ZPD. This work is a Critical Collaboration Research to design transformation through active participation and joint negotiation of meanings. The focus of this type of research is to know, observe, make it possible to enable interventions, contributing to references in the production of argumentative students and teachers. The data were produced by video recordings. Four classes were selected for their excerpts compose the corpus for analysis. The categories of analysis and interpretation were created from Pontecorvo, Magalhães, Vygotsky, Bahktin and Muniz. The analysis indicates that students produce knowledge collaboratively among the participants in the classroom. Moreover, students develop argumentation in English to externalize knowledge that can be reflected in experiences outside of school / O objetivo desta pesquisa é compreender criticamente o papel da Performance na atividade de ensino-aprendizagem em Língua Inglesa. Esta investigação busca entender criticamente o conceito de performance proposto por Holzman na participação de alunos em sala de aula em de cenas de Improvisação. Também aborda a sua pós discussão sobre o resultado desta atividade para um agir crítico-reflexivo no mundo, a partir da produção de significados compartilhados. O eixo teórico reside na Teoria da Atividade como iniciada pelos trabalhos de Vygostsky, além Leontiev e Engeström, o brincar e os conceitos de ZPD de Vygotsky. Este trabalho é uma Pesquisa Crítica de Colaboração por conceber a transformação por meio de uma participação ativa e conjunta na negociação dos sentidos e significados. O foco deste tipo de pesquisa é conhecer, observar, transformar para viabilizar possíveis intervenções, contribuindo com referenciais na produção argumentativa de alunos e professores. Os dados foram produzidos por meio de gravações de vídeo, sendo selecionadas 4 aulas para que seus excertos compusessem o corpus para análise. As categorias de análise e interpretação foram organizadas a partir de Pontecorvo, Magalhães, Vygostsky, Bahktin e Muniz. A análise indica que os alunos produzem conhecimento de forma colaborativa entre os participantes da sala. Além disso, desenvolvem a argumentação em inglês para externalizar conhecimentos que refletirão em vivências fora do contexto escolar

Orientador: Solange Aranha / Resumo: Os cursos de Ensino Médio Integrado (EMI) nos Institutos Federais têm uma natureza peculiar, uma vez que buscam formar o aluno tanto no ensino regular propedêutico quanto na educação profissional técnica de nível médio. A aprendizagem de uma língua estrangeira nesta conjuntura pode ser inserida no contexto do ensino de Inglês para Fins Específicos – IFE ou ESP (BROWN, 2016; HYON, 2018; WOODROW, 2018). Em uma proposta de utilização do quadro teórico do IFE para elaboração de cursos no EMI, o objetivo principal desta tese é analisar as necessidades de uso da língua inglesa em dois contextos: o contexto profissional do desenvolvedor de sistemas de computadores e o contexto das aulas das disciplinas técnicas (do eixo tecnológico) do Curso Técnico em Informática para Internet (CTIEMII) do Campus Rio Branco do Instituto Federal do Acre (IFAC). A análise visa a identificação de elementos para a elaboração de uma proposta de programa de ensinoaprendizagem de língua inglesa baseado em gêneros, habilidades e atitudes requeridas na formação do jovem no ensino integrado que forma técnicos em desenvolvimento de sistemas para Web. De maneira específica, procura-se i) identificar, por meio da análise dos documentos norteadores nacionais, do projeto pedagógico de curso do CTIEMII do IFAC e do plano de ensino do componente curricular língua inglesa desse curso, a presença dos objetivos para a formação do educando; ii) identificar, por meio de análise de necessidades, mediante aplicação de que... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The Integrated High School (EMI) courses at the Federal Institutes in Brazil have a peculiar nature, since they aim at both regular secondary education and technical education at a secondary level. The learning of a foreign language in this context can be inserted in the area of English for Specific Purposes – ESP (IFE in Portuguese) (BROWN, 2016; HYON, 2018; WOODROW, 2018). The main objective of this thesis is to analyze the students’ needs of English language use in two contexts: the professional context of the computer system developer and the context of the classes (Technological axis) of the Technical Course in Web Development (CTIEMII) at the Rio Branco Campus of the Federal Institute of Acre (IFAC). The analysis aims at identifying elements which allow elaborating a proposal of an Englishlanguage teaching program based on genres, skills and attitudes required in the education of the youngs at the integrated course for Web development technicians. The objectives are specifically, i) to identify, through the analysis of the national documents, the pedagogical project of the CTIEMII at IFAC and the teaching plan of the English language subject, the presence of the objectives for the student education; ii) to identify, through the needs analysis, with the application of questionnaires and interviews with professionals, coordinators, teachers and students, aspects of the use of the English language that are necessary to the students' performance in the technical subjects of... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

This study explores the teaching practices of recently returned Latter-day Saint (LDS) missionaries who voluntarily taught the English language on their full-time missions' serving for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints throughout various parts of the world. The analyses performed in this research offer an insider's perspective by looking at a large selection of qualitative data gathered directly from these missionaries to provide evidential insight into what those practices are, including the most effective and the most ineffective teaching practices as principally perceived by the missionaries themselves. Thus far, there has been no research reported or data gathered on this topic on the same global scale, and to the same academic level. However, such a study is extremely necessary and beneficial towards refining the focus of the missionary taught English language classes, as well as the quality of teaching that the missionaries provide as they strive to serve and benefit the communities around them.

The overall agenda for the research reported here grew out of semi-structured interviews with senior educational managers from a tertiary educational institution in Taiwan. These managers raised a number of issues, including the changing profile of tertiary students, the changing nature of English curricula, the increasing need for English teaching staff to be adaptable, highly qualified and research-active, and the growing pressure on institutions to introduce English language proficiency benchmarking. Each of these issues can be related to the impact of globalization and, in particular, the impact of the globalization of English, on the education sector. Following a critical review of selected literature on the impact of globalization on the teaching and learning of English, each of these issues, as it affects the tertiary education sector in Taiwan, was explored. Analysis of the Taiwanese national curriculum guidelines for schools, strongly influenced by academics in the tertiary education sector, revealed a number of problems relating to a lack of proficiency benchmarking and a lack of coherence, consistency and transparency in some areas. These problems may be associated with the initial phase of transition from a grammar-based curriculum to a more communicatively-oriented, outcomes-centered one. Problems of a similar type were indicated in responses to questions relating to curriculum matters included in a questionnaire distributed to a sample of teachers of English in the tertiary sector. Among other things revealed by questionnaire responses was the fact that many survey participants had received no training in English teaching. The results of a C-test (one that was initially used in a major European study) taken by a sample of entry-level and exit-level Bachelors degree students indicated a wide variation in proficiency, with individual scores differing by as much as 64 percentage points in the case of exit-level students. Furthermore, there was a difference of almost 10 percentage points between the mean scores of students from two different institutions who had majored in English. These results indicate some of the difficulties that Taiwan faces in attempting to establish graduation proficiency benchmarking. -ii- C-test participants completed a background questionnaire, the responses indicating a generally positive attitude towards English-speaking people, a general willingness to use English in situations where there was the option of not doing so, and a strong tendency towards instrumental motivation. Although one of the factors that appeared to have a positive impact on C-test performance was time spent in an English-speaking country, fewer than 18% of respondents had done so. Although there appears to be considerable anxiety and uncertainty associated with the teaching of English at tertiary level in Taiwan, and some genuine cause for concern, there are also many positive indicators of future success. Teachers and educational managers are aware of the problems they currently face and appear determined to resolve them. Taiwanese academics are increasingly involved in language-related research and increasingly prepared to interrogate their own practices, and Taiwan, unlike some other countries in Asia, is moving towards graduation proficiency benchmarking.

The English language occupied a specially important status in the increasing development of science, technology, culture and international relations in Vietnam, which has resulted in a growing demand for English Language Teaching (ELT) all over the country. The Hanoi Foreign Languages Teachers' Training College in general and its Department of English in particular plays a very important role in this by producing as many teachers of English as possible for high schools as well as for other Colleges and Universities in Vietnam as a whole. Unfortunately, ELT in Vietnam is still far from satisfactory. There exists a common problem of communicative competence in Vietnamese students, even in Vietnamese teachers of English. ELT at HFLTTC is taken to illustrate the fact that even after five years' training, graduates remain deficient in the ability of language use as well as understanding its use in normal communication. This being the case, how can they carry out effectively the teaching of English to high school pupils or students at other institutions? In this situation, we need to take a serious look at ELT in the Department of English at the HFLTTC so as to suggest suitable materials and methods which will enable the Institution to function more effectively. This project makes an exploratory study of the problem. To provide a context for the study, the background to ELT in the Department of English is reviewed. This is followed by a detailed description of different approaches used in ELT with the reference to the actual activities of teaching and learning in the Department of English. A special emphasis is placed on the difference between conventional approaches and the currently influential one - The Functional- Notional-Approach to language teaching and learning. The basic notions of this approach will be covered and also different categories of functions and categories of situations which the students of English often encounter in using English. Different techniques of teaching functional spoken English will be suggested with an aim to improving the teaching of spoken English in the above-mentioned setting. It is hoped that this project may become a contribution to solving some of the existing problems of inadequate communicative competence of Vietnamese students of English and to teaching and learning English with effective communication skills in the Department of English at the HFLTTC.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the in-service teacher training program, The Certificate for Teachers of English (CTE), run jointly by two departments: The Department of Basic English (DBE) and the Department of Modern Languages (DML) of the School of Foreign Languages (SFL) at Middle East Technical University (METU) in terms of whether it achieved its objectives and to provide suggestions regarding the redesigning of the program for the following years. The model used for evaluating the program was one proposed by Kirkpatrick (1998 / first devised in 1959). This model entails 4 levels of evaluation to carry out while evaluating training programs. Reaction, Learning, Behavior and Results. The research questions focused in this study are all in line with these four levels. The participants of the study were four folded. The main participants were the trainees attending the program. (N=6, 2 from DML / 4 from DBE). Another group of participants were the trainers of the program. (N=2). The third group of participants was the chairpersons at the two departments. Finally, data were collected from the students of the trainees and non trainees. Data was collected via questionnaires from the trainees and their students, interviews with trainees, trainers and chairpersons, observations of sessions of the program and trainees&rsquo / lessons, and related documents of the program. The data collected was analyzed qualitatively using the Miles and Huberman (1994) procedure for analyzing qualitative data: data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing/verification. Results revealed that the CTE program was effective in terms of achieving its objectives. However, there could be improvements in certain components of the program. Another result of the study was that the application of Kirkpatrick&rsquo / s training program evaluation model was not very effective in the evaluation of the CTE program. The main drawback was that the model is a nonlinear one which made it difficult to concentrate on a particular level of evaluation at a particular time. Therefore the suggestion for a more linear and definite model for the evaluation of the CTE program was proposed.

With the newly designed curricula, the preparatory year of the Anatolian High Schools (AHS) was terminated while expanding its English program to four years. Within that context, utilizing semi-structured interview protocols this descriptive study aimed to bring an insight into the perceptions of parents, students, and teachers about the new AHS English program. Moreover, the perceptions of the participants on the materials provided by MONE and European Language Portfolio were also aimed to be revealed. Additionally, it was targeted to bring out what participants think about the applicability of the communicative language teaching, student-centered approach, and multiple intelligences, since they were stated in the foreign language curricula. While the population consisted of AHSs in Ankara, the sample of the study made up of 4 groups of parents, students, and teachers from 4 AHSs in Ankara. Each group consisted of 12 interviewees, which makes 36 participants in total. In selecting students and parents convenience sampling, and in selecting teachers purposive sampling was utilized. Analyzing the data collected using content analysis the findings revealed that parents, students, and teachers do not favor the current English language practice in AHSs where preparatory class is terminated. Additionally, the findings showed that in order to learn English, preparatory class is a necessity either after 5-year or after8-year elementary education. Results also showed that all groups perceive English positively and support teaching and learning of the language. As for the perceptions of the participants on the materials, they expressed how insufficient they are in terms of teaching the language and in terms of practicing the language teaching approaches stated in the curriculum. Moreover, it was found that most of the participants did not know about the European Language Portfolio. Lastly, according to the answers, the English language teaching approaches stressed in the curriculum were difficult to be practiced in classes.

This dissertation documents a critical-ethnographic-action-research (CEAR) project conducted in two elementary schools in Oaxaca, Mexico, with the collaboration of one language teacher educator and ten language student teachers. The two schools have a diverse student body composed of mestizo children and children from different Indigenous groups. The CEAR Project challenged historical and societal ideologies that position Indigenous children as deficient learners and their translanguaging and multiliteracies practices as inappropriate for schools. The CEAR Project was also a response to a world phenomenon that associates English with “development” and economic success and Indigenous and “minoritized” languages with backwardness marginalization. The CEAR Project’s purpose was to use the student teachers’ English language praxicum in order to: (a) develop elementary school teaching expertise, (b) co-construct affirming identities among all the participants, (c) foster multilingual, multiliteracies, and intercultural practices, and (d) dialogue with the children in order to change pejorative ideologies that regard certain languages, literacies, and cultures as better than others. The Transformative Multiliteracies Pedagogy developed by Cummins (in press) and critical pedagogies theory (Freire, 1970; Norton & Toohey, 2004) informed the CEAR Project and the data collected through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, and children’s work samples. Using narrative, photos, and videos, this dissertation presents the migratory lives, the families, and the language and literacy practices of 50 children, and their views regarding the English language and Indigenous languages and peoples. It portrays the vivid critical moments and changes that occurred in the praxicum as the children became teachers and linguists. Through the construction of identity texts and the translanguaging and multiliteracies practices that the student teachers and the children engaged in, stories emerge that portray them as the intelligent, creative, and genuine individuals that they really are. This dissertation also documents how the children’s complex lives challenged constructs such as “family” and “Indigenous,” and the new Mexican educational policy that brings English into public elementary schools using a generic English software. It is concluded that every policy, theory, social construct, pedagogy, and curriculum should be challenged on a daily basis if we are truly to serve the ever-evolving diverse classrooms of today.

This degree project aims to yield new knowledge about oral communication in English classes by investigating whether and to what extent students are given opportunities to develop their communicative abilities. A socio-cultural and pragmatic perspective was adopted and previous research was thoroughly examined. The study rests on the scientific approaches hermeneutics and phenomenography, which also influenced the methods used to collect data, that is, interviews and observations. This study includes four informants who are teachers in years 3–6. These teachers were interviewed and observed during one English class each, which means that their respective groups of students also participated in the study. The results show that English was the language used most frequently in the observed classrooms. The teachers in the study describe problems with using English Only in their classrooms as the students are on different levels of English proficiency. Furthermore, the results show that collegial cooperation is necessary if an expanded and comprehensive view of English teaching in years 1–6 is to be achieved. Finally, the participating teachers expressed a need to develop their own knowledge in teaching English in order to meet the requirements of communicative language teaching expressed in the curriculum. / Mitt arbete syftar till att bidra med ny kunskap om muntlig kommunikation under engelsklektioner genom att undersöka huruvida elever ges möjlighet till att utveckla sina kommunikativa förmågor. Genom ett sociokulturellt och pragmatiskt teoretiskt perspektiv samt en genomlysning av tidigare forskning som rör ämnet söker jag förståelse för hur muntlig kommunikation ter sig i engelskundervisningen. Vetenskapliga förhållningssätt som studien har utgått från är hermeneutik och fenomenografi, vilka även påverkade studiens datainsamlingsmetoder nämligen intervjuer och observationer. De fyra informanter som deltog i studien är verksamma lärare i årskurserna 3-6. Dessa lärare intervjuades samt observerades under en lektion vardera, således deltog även informanternas klasser i observationerna. Resultaten visar att muntlig engelska får stor plats i de observerade klassrummen. Lärarna som deltog i studien beskriver en problematik där en undervisning som huvudsakligen sker på målspråket (English Only) inte fungerar när eleverna är på så många olika nivåer. Vidare visar resultaten att ett kollegialt samarbete anses nödvändigt, dels för att kunna utveckla och strukturera engelskämnet bättre, dels för att skapa en helhetssyn över årskurserna 1–6. Slutligen uttrycker lärarna i studien ett behov av kompetensutveckling där de önskar få tillgång till verktyg för att kunna undervisa i linje med kursplanens kommunikativa inriktning och funktionella språksyn.