<p><strong>Background  </strong>  </p><p>International trade could be seen as the phenomenon beating the resources imbalance among countries in the global market. Therefore, our seeking the competitive advantage of Thailand is to the orchid which is viewed industrial drop of country to increase expansion of export and generate income for Thailand. Moreover, Thailand is one of the leaders which have exported the orchids to foreign countries. For this reason, we would like to study factors which affect to make a decision of Thai entrepreneurs to export the orchid to Swedish market.</p><p><strong>Problems  </strong>      </p><p>How market knowledge and entrepreneur characteristics influence on Thai entrepreneurs in order to make a decision on internationalization by exporting Thai orchid to Swedish market?</p><p><strong>Purposes  </strong>       </p><p>The main purpose of this research is to explore how external and internal factors as market knowledge and entrepreneur characteristics influence on the decision making of Thai entrepreneurs to internationalize by exporting Thai orchid to Swedish market.</p><p><strong>Methodology</strong></p><p>This master’s thesis is based on a qualitative approach which is used by semi-structured interview to conduct Thai entrepreneur’s perspectives on export the orchid to Swedish market while the secondary data is collected from website, article, and journal to utilize material for this thesis.<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>     </p><p>We found that the market knowledge as external factors influence to the entrepreneur decision making as the encouragement in term of sufficient knowledge while the lack of market knowledge also lead to the discouragement of internationalization decision making. Moreover, several entrepreneur characteristics could encourage and help entrepreneur in order to make the decision to internationalize while some characteristics are not influence to the decision making of entrepreneur.</p>

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Starting up a business is not an easy task; it requires the translation of an idea into reality and requires discipline and a clear goal setting. Moreover with the increasing need of professionalism for outstanding web development and information technology, the plan of an enterprise with high end development and low cost is generated. <strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This thesis has a dual purpose; firstly it sets the basis of understanding the terms of entrepreneurship and the environment where a business is created; moreover it explains the acquirement of resources and the structure of the business plan. The second objective is to develop a path for creating a web related business. This document will help to establish the goals and objectives for the performance of the company.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> The theory presents the relevant information that has to be considered inside the firm. After the theory a business plan was created with the objective of setting the direction of the company over the next years. It is important to mention that business plans are evolving documents that have to be updated according to changes in the environment or changes in the objectives.</p><p> </p><p> </p>

The purpose of this thesis is to explore how culture influences the perception of entrepreneurship, in the context of immigrant entrepreneurs in a non-core region in Sweden. Our theoretical framework consists of previous research about the entrepreneurial process, and cultural differences on national, local and business level. A conceptualization of the entrepreneurial process is combined with a three-layer theoretical framework of culture. Namely a national, a local and a business culture. The source for this empirical research are Balkan immigrants that came to Sweden during the 1990s because of the Balkan war, and are now entrepreneurs in Karlskrona, Sweden. The research method used in this thesis is interpretivistic with an abductive research approach. The empirical data was gathered through in-depth interviews. The empirical results have helped us understand that the perception of the entrepreneurial process distinguishes itself depending on culture. The main findings in our research imply that the Balkan entrepreneurs in Karlskrona, Sweden, feel that they became entrepreneurs because of non-satisfaction within social conditions. And that the Balkan entrepreneurs have adapted more to the Swedish culture in their way of working as entrepreneurs. They believe that adaption is the key to entrepreneurial success when creating value and developing a firm. However, the Balkan entrepreneurs feel that they are still under influence by the Balkan culture as well. This thesis contributes with an insight on how the entrepreneurial process is influenced by culture.

Les entrepreneurs sont confrontés à des stresseurs professionnels qui peuvent affecter leurs capacités professionnelles à travers le développement du burnout. Pourtant, ils ne sont pas intégrés dans les études sur les risques psychosociaux, alors que les effets négatifs des conditions de travail, de la relation de l’individu à son travail et les facteurs améliorant la performance ont été identifiés. La problématique abordée dans ce travail entend répondre à cette lacune en proposant une investigation des facteurs et des conséquences liés au burnout chez les entrepreneurs. La collecte et l’analyse des récits de vie nous a permis de mettre en évidence de tels facteurs et conséquences chez cette population. Ces résultats ont permis de construire un modèle d’étude tenant compte des modélisations existantes, tout en les enrichissant de variables propres à la population des entrepreneurs. Ce modèle a ensuite été testé, par la méthode des équations structurelles, auprès d’un échantillon de 280 dirigeants propriétaires de PME sur la base d’un questionnaire en ligne. Les hypothèses de médiation du burnout entre les demandes et l’ensemble des conséquences : satisfaction professionnelle, conflit travail-famille et orientation entrepreneuriale, sont validées. Néanmoins, les deux hypothèses de modération, par la latitude décisionnelle et le soutien social familial et amical,ne sont pas validées. Les demandes professionnelles réduisent la satisfaction professionnelle, l’équilibre travail-famille et l’orientation entrepreneuriale par le moyen du burnout. Les demandes affectent aussi directement la satisfaction professionnelle et le conflit travail-famille. Les demandes excessives et le burnout interfèrent avec le processus entrepreneurial. Ces interférences interrogent : les situations qui amènent au burnout, le fort attachement émotionnel des entrepreneurs à leur projet ainsi que les répercussions négatives sur la santé de l’entrepreneur et sur le devenir de l’entreprise. La prévention devient un enjeu pour les structures professionnelles destinées aux entrepreneurs et aux dirigeants. / Entrepreneurs are confronted to occupational stressors that may affect their professional capacities through burnout. However, they are rarely considered in psychosocial risks issues. A large body of research have established negative outcomes of occupational conditions, factors enhancing performance, and critics of relationship of individual to its job. The aim of this research is to contribute to identify factors and outcomes related to burnout among entrepreneurs. The analysis of life story interviews led to the identification of several factors and consequences related to work stress. Comparing these elements with those highlighted from previous empirical results led to construct the research model. Data was collected from 280 owner managers of SME through an online questionnaire, was analysed with structural equation modeling. The hypothesis of mediation was validated between occupational demands (psychological and emotional) and three variables : job satisfaction, work-family conflict and entrepreneurial orientation. The mediation through burnout was confirmed. Hypothesis of moderated mediation (decisional latitude and social support from family and friends) were rejected. First, results show that psychological and emotional demands reduce job satisfaction, work-family balance and entrepreneurial orientation through burnout. Second, direct effects of these demands on job satisfaction and work-family conflict are amplified in exhaustion state. The existence of burnout risk’s and mainly psychosocial risks for entrepreneurs interfere with entrepreneurial process. Interferences are related : to situations that lead to burnout, the emotional attachment of entrepreneurs to their project,and negatives outcomes on entrepreneur health and business development. Prevention becomes at the forefront of actions to implement through professional structure for entrepreneurs and owner-managers

The interest in social entrepreneurship is increasing in Europe in general and Sweden in particular. Because social entrepreneurs (SEs) and incubators share a common aim of enhancing development and improving the living conditions of the people, one would think that they tend to work together more closely than in case when incubators work with the conventional entrepreneurs (CEs). Incubator activities can influence the process of the SE. The purpose of this paper was to identify which activities, that they provide, can influence the SE’s growth. We were also interested in examining how those activities differ when working with the CEs. To fulfill this purpose, we developed the research question: What are the roles of incubators and accelerators in the entrepreneurial process of SE and how they differ from the roles played in the entrepreneurial process of CE?  In order to answer the research question and fulfil the objectives of study in hand, we embraced interpretivist approach and qualitative method for data collection and analysis. 6 semi structured interviews are conducted with SEs that have experience in participating in incubator and accelerator programs, as well as two experts from the side of incubator and accelerator programs.  It has been found that education, making contacts and facilitating meetings as well as the office space are the main roles of incubator and accelerator programs, which have as their goal to assist SEs. Moreover, it is found that not all of the roles are equally significant, nor that they are played out through all the phases of the entrepreneurial process. Stages of the entrepreneurial process are revised, and their content is found to be different in comparison with social entrepreneurship. We answer the second part of our research question by carrying out a comparative discussion based on the empirical findings on SEs and existing literature on CEs. We summaries these difference by the means of a table. Finally, we put together and connect roles of incubator and accelerator programs interested in scaling of SEs and the entrepreneurial process, where the model linking the roles through the entrepreneurial phases of SE is proposed. Hence, we conclude that our research question has been answered and research purpose fulfilled.

Background     International trade could be seen as the phenomenon beating the resources imbalance among countries in the global market. Therefore, our seeking the competitive advantage of Thailand is to the orchid which is viewed industrial drop of country to increase expansion of export and generate income for Thailand. Moreover, Thailand is one of the leaders which have exported the orchids to foreign countries. For this reason, we would like to study factors which affect to make a decision of Thai entrepreneurs to export the orchid to Swedish market. Problems         How market knowledge and entrepreneur characteristics influence on Thai entrepreneurs in order to make a decision on internationalization by exporting Thai orchid to Swedish market? Purposes          The main purpose of this research is to explore how external and internal factors as market knowledge and entrepreneur characteristics influence on the decision making of Thai entrepreneurs to internationalize by exporting Thai orchid to Swedish market. Methodology This master’s thesis is based on a qualitative approach which is used by semi-structured interview to conduct Thai entrepreneur’s perspectives on export the orchid to Swedish market while the secondary data is collected from website, article, and journal to utilize material for this thesis. Conclusions      We found that the market knowledge as external factors influence to the entrepreneur decision making as the encouragement in term of sufficient knowledge while the lack of market knowledge also lead to the discouragement of internationalization decision making. Moreover, several entrepreneur characteristics could encourage and help entrepreneur in order to make the decision to internationalize while some characteristics are not influence to the decision making of entrepreneur.

Background: Starting up a business is not an easy task; it requires the translation of an idea into reality and requires discipline and a clear goal setting. Moreover with the increasing need of professionalism for outstanding web development and information technology, the plan of an enterprise with high end development and low cost is generated. Purpose: This thesis has a dual purpose; firstly it sets the basis of understanding the terms of entrepreneurship and the environment where a business is created; moreover it explains the acquirement of resources and the structure of the business plan. The second objective is to develop a path for creating a web related business. This document will help to establish the goals and objectives for the performance of the company. Method: The theory presents the relevant information that has to be considered inside the firm. After the theory a business plan was created with the objective of setting the direction of the company over the next years. It is important to mention that business plans are evolving documents that have to be updated according to changes in the environment or changes in the objectives.

Background: With the high pace global market development we are experiencing that there is a need for entreprenurs to always be alert and seize opportunities when they appear, espcially in the SME- sector. Researchers have during the years worked with questions surrounding the area of International New Ventures, different opportunity aspects and entreprenurial processes. However there seems to be a gap in the research surrounding the correlation between these related areas and how it effects the opportunity realization process. This gap has lead the researchers to the purpose and the research question stated below. Research question: What is the role of the entrepreneurial process in opportunity realization of Swedish INVs? Purpose: To conduct an exploratory study to further the knowledge within the field of opportunity realization within Swedish INVs and to see the impact that the entrepreneurial process in the shape of Causation and Effectuation logics has in terms of the realization process. Methodology: The researchers worked through an abductive approch with an exploratory purpose where the empirical findings were gathered from four different case companies that operated in different business sectors. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in order to collect primary data, founded in the qualitative method background. Conclusion: The conclusion shows that a correct assessment of the capabilities of the entrepreneur is extremely important. Failing to provide a correct assessment may lead to a misinterpreted opportunity which may lead to a failure in terms of Opportunity realization. The authors concluded that the role of the entreprenerial process is very central in the Opportunity realization process, especially in the beginning of the venture.

Fashion companies struggle with internationalization, as do many retailers, but nevertheless they need to take action and cross borders in order to increase their revenue. A strong focus on the entrepreneurial capabilities of a company is suggested to enhance the process and the model of internationalization as the entrepreneurial process is addressed as an established tool for internationalization. The aim of this paper is to investigate what role internationalization as an entrepreneurial process model plays in the fashion industry context. To do this, a qualitative study with five fashion companies and four trade organizations is conducted. A theoretical framework on the network internationalization process model guides the data collection consisting of several interviews with owners, CEOs and managers. The findings indicate that entrepreneurial capabilities, networks and being able to exploit contingencies play an important role for internationalization in the fashion industry. I conclude that internationalization as an entrepreneurial process can be applied in the fashion industry context.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-04-01T19:32:04Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Altair Camargo Filho - 2015.pdf: 2291135 bytes, checksum: 30bd8d5829876467f9220f0128cc9e0e (MD5) license_rdf: 19874 bytes, checksum: 38cb62ef53e6f513db2fb7e337df6485 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-04-04T14:34:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Altair Camargo Filho - 2015.pdf: 2291135 bytes, checksum: 30bd8d5829876467f9220f0128cc9e0e (MD5) license_rdf: 19874 bytes, checksum: 38cb62ef53e6f513db2fb7e337df6485 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T14:34:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Altair Camargo Filho - 2015.pdf: 2291135 bytes, checksum: 30bd8d5829876467f9220f0128cc9e0e (MD5) license_rdf: 19874 bytes, checksum: 38cb62ef53e6f513db2fb7e337df6485 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-04 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / This study aimed to analyze how the moment in which the venture starts using marketing activities in its early stages affects its future performance. In order to achieve this goal the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics (PSED), which consisted of application of questionnaires, via telephone, to 1,214 new entrepreneurs from the United States between the years 2005 and 2011. The data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis in which the dependent variables considered as performance were the survival and profitability of companies. The independent variables, marketing activities, were “effort to talk with potential clients”; “effort to collect competitors information”, and “execution of promotional efforts”. For the analysis, it was related the beginning of realization of marketing activities in the first and second years with the new venture’s performance in the second, third and fourth years. Results show that the first year is the optimal time for entrepreneurs to start talking to consumers, that is, the moment that takes the company to perform better in subsequent years. The execution of promotional efforts in the first year also leads to positive results for business, but results regarding the optimal moment to develop this action and regarding the collection of information about competitors were inconclusive. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar como o momento do início da realização de atividades de marketing nos primeiros anos de uma empresa impacta no seu desempenho futuro. Para atingir o objetivo foi utilizada a base de dados longitudinal do Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics (PSED), que consistiu na aplicação de questionários, via telefone, a 1214 empreendedores nascentes dos Estados Unidos entre os anos de 2005 e 2011. A análise de dados se deu por estatística descritiva e análise de regressão logística, em que as variáveis dependentes consideradas como desempenho foram a sobrevivência e a rentabilidade das empresas. Como variáveis independentes – atividades de marketing – foram consideradas o “diálogo com clientes”, “coleta de informações dos concorrentes”, e “execução de esforços promocionais”. Para a análise, foram relacionados o início da realização das atividades de marketing no primeiro e no segundo anos da empresa com o desempenho do negócio no segundo, terceiro e quarto anos. Como resultados, esta pesquisa mostra que ao longo do primeiro ano de funcionamento é o momento ótimo para que o empreendedor inicie diálogos com seus clientes, ou seja, que leva a empresa ao melhor desempenho nos anos subsequentes. Constatou-se que a execução de esforços promocionais logo no primeiro ano também leva a resultados positivos para o negócio, mas não foram encontrados resultados conclusivos sobre o momento ótimo para realizar esta ação, bem como para coletar informações dos concorrentes.