Thesis advisor: Margaret Lombe / Thesis advisor: John Cawthorne / Social service delivery to refugees in the United States may vary depending on the different cultural and historical backgrounds that people bring with them to the resettlement process. The Kunama ethnic group from Eritrea, who fled their country for refugee camps in Ethiopia, provide a particularly challenging case as they most often have limited English-language skills, no employment experience outside of farming and herding, and a complex political history. This study contributes to the knowledge base of refugee resettlement and adjustment into the U.S. To gain an understanding of challenges faced by refugees as they settle in the U.S., two Kunama refugees from Boston were interviewed to provide their own stories. In addition, a literature review of the conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea, Kunama culture, and the refugee situation was conducted. The findings are included. The Kunama in the U.S. are faced with the challenges of finding jobs to become economically self-sufficient, limited access to furthering their education, language barriers in health care, and learning to navigate the American environment and way of life. Culturally sensitive and informed social services are vital sources of support for equipping the Kunama and other refugees with transitional help in each of these areas, particularly in maintaining physical protection, well-being, and guarding against potential mental health problems. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2008. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Social Work, Graduate School of. / Discipline: Education, Lynch School of. / Discipline: College Honors Program.

<p>Syftet med denna studie var att få kunskap om eritreanska kvinnliga exsoldaters erfarenheter av krig har påverkat deras identitetsupplevelse, sedan de har flyttat till ett nytt land. Samt att ta reda på om deras upplevelser av integration och av bemötande i exillandet är olika beroende på vilket land de bor i. Ytterligare ett syfte var att ta reda på om hur kvinnorna förhåller sig till egna psykiska reaktionen på krigstraumat. Studien innefattar sexton intervjudeltagare. Nio av dessa bor i England medan sju bor i Sverige. Data samlades in med hjälp av halvstrukturerade intervjuer och bearbetades utifrån deduktivt och induktiv tematisk analys. Resultat som erhölls påminner om APAs (1994) kriterier för posttraumatiskt stressyndrom. Resultatet visade att det inte skiljde sig åt vad gäller bemötandet av kvinnliga ex-soldater, beroende på vilken kultur de kommer i kontakt med. Dessutom visade resultatet att det inte fanns någon specifik kulturell skillnad på hur man ser på kvinnliga ex-soldater vare sig i Sverige eller i England, men att exillandets kultur påverkade ex-soldaters upplevelse av identitet. Antalet deltagare var för få för att kunna dra några generella slutsatser, men det var uppenbart att alla deltagare påverkades starkt och långsiktigt av sina krigserfarenheter. Kvinnornas sätt att hantera trauman skiljer sig. Det föreslås mer forskning kring kvinnliga ex-soldater.</p>

Thesis explores the ways in which Information and Communication Technology (ICT)use, specifically that of telephones and the Internet, impacts the lives of Eritrean refugees in Rome, Italy. Informal interviews, semi-structured interviews, and participant observation were carried out in a 'center of second reception.' Results show that information obtained through the use of ICT acts on the imaginations of refugees, encouraging or discouraging movement to alternative locations. ICT use can help maintain a sense of emotional "closeness" to family members abroad for some, but not for others. Limitations in access to ICT exist for the refugees and their families in Eritrea that crosscut multiple socio-demographic categories. Finally, surveillance, enacted through ICT use, negotiates power between the Eritrean state and its subjects in the diaspora. / Graduation date: 2012

Syftet med denna studie var att få kunskap om eritreanska kvinnliga exsoldaters erfarenheter av krig har påverkat deras identitetsupplevelse, sedan de har flyttat till ett nytt land. Samt att ta reda på om deras upplevelser av integration och av bemötande i exillandet är olika beroende på vilket land de bor i. Ytterligare ett syfte var att ta reda på om hur kvinnorna förhåller sig till egna psykiska reaktionen på krigstraumat. Studien innefattar sexton intervjudeltagare. Nio av dessa bor i England medan sju bor i Sverige. Data samlades in med hjälp av halvstrukturerade intervjuer och bearbetades utifrån deduktivt och induktiv tematisk analys. Resultat som erhölls påminner om APAs (1994) kriterier för posttraumatiskt stressyndrom. Resultatet visade att det inte skiljde sig åt vad gäller bemötandet av kvinnliga ex-soldater, beroende på vilken kultur de kommer i kontakt med. Dessutom visade resultatet att det inte fanns någon specifik kulturell skillnad på hur man ser på kvinnliga ex-soldater vare sig i Sverige eller i England, men att exillandets kultur påverkade ex-soldaters upplevelse av identitet. Antalet deltagare var för få för att kunna dra några generella slutsatser, men det var uppenbart att alla deltagare påverkades starkt och långsiktigt av sina krigserfarenheter. Kvinnornas sätt att hantera trauman skiljer sig. Det föreslås mer forskning kring kvinnliga ex-soldater.

This thesis argues that the state apparatus has failed to provide Africans with a culturally compatible form of governance. The state is a product of colonial origin, and thus, has failed to resonate with Indigenous African spirituality, moral consciousness or political tradition. By grounding my argument in the Eritrean context, I make the case that the Eritrean state – not unlike other African states – is failing in three fundamental ways. First, it is oppressive towards Indigenous institutions of governance, particularly the village baito practiced in the rural highlands of Eritrea. Second, the state promotes a national identity that has been arbitrarily formed and colonially imposed in place of Indigenous ones, such as those formed around regional or linguistic groupings. Lastly, because the Eritrean state is a rather new phenomenon that suffers from a crisis of legitimacy, it inevitably falls back on processes of violence, coercion and control to assert its authority.

This thesis argues that the state apparatus has failed to provide Africans with a culturally compatible form of governance. The state is a product of colonial origin, and thus, has failed to resonate with Indigenous African spirituality, moral consciousness or political tradition. By grounding my argument in the Eritrean context, I make the case that the Eritrean state – not unlike other African states – is failing in three fundamental ways. First, it is oppressive towards Indigenous institutions of governance, particularly the village baito practiced in the rural highlands of Eritrea. Second, the state promotes a national identity that has been arbitrarily formed and colonially imposed in place of Indigenous ones, such as those formed around regional or linguistic groupings. Lastly, because the Eritrean state is a rather new phenomenon that suffers from a crisis of legitimacy, it inevitably falls back on processes of violence, coercion and control to assert its authority.

Diss. Stockholm : Univ., 2007.

The integrated use of Electromagnetic Ground Conductivity, Ground Electrical Resistivity and Seismic Refraction geophysics methods was made in Alia valley, Eritrea for the aim of developing a methodology best suited for ground water exploration in hard rock areas with limited professional and financial resources. A total area of 25 square kilometer was covered with the geophysical surveys. The effective use of information from wells and geological information from outcrops and existing literature helped to create a preliminary conceptual hydrogeologic model that in turn provided a general picture of the research site in terms of its groundwater potential and related factors. The optimum configuration of the geophysical methods and their interpretation was researched by the use of synthetic mathematical models and experimental surveys in areas of known hydrogeological characteristics like lithology and depth of water table. Two approximately parallel electromagnetic ground conductivity profile lines crossed the survey area in approximately north-south direction to assess the variation in the electrical conductivity of the major geological structures. Vertical electrical sounding (VES) surveys were conducted close to existing wells with lithological information and at some selected sites. Survey sites for the two dimensional electrical resistivity imaging and the seismic refraction surveys were selected based on the results from the electromagnetic ground conductivity surveys. The formal geophysical surveys results were correlated with nearby boreholes and with each other. The responses of the different geophysical methods for each lithological layer were recognized. In addition, the location and characteristics of the major geological structures of the area were studies based on the information from the geophysical surveys and other available information. At the end of the research, parts of the research area with better groundwater potential were identified. As a result of the research, an efficient and cost effective geophysical approach was developed for groundwater exploration in hard rock areas of Eritrea and similar places of the world. Recommendations were made on the wider and effective use of the approach with due consideration for the limited financial, human resource and material capacities available for ground water exploration in most countries of Africa and other countries of the world.

Many people have not even heard about Eritrea and even less about the free zones that is establishing there. The purpose of this thesis is to increase the understanding about the free zones that exits in Eritrea today. The port of Massawa is the one that the focus is upon in our thesis. The reason for the implementation of the free zones is the re-construction of the economy. The country is restoring the economy due to the fact that they had been in war with Ethiopia. Free zones are an established concept that already exists in other country’s for example Djibouti, Dubai, Sudan and so on. The free zones in Eritrea will have to show its forefeet to be competitive. We want to increase the understanding of the free zones in Eritrea and even increase the understanding for how the strategy and the project are being handled. We will use models and theories to explain how the implementation is being done in the Eritrean free zones. The models that we are going to use, will illustrate how the management can be done. The methodological chapter will describe the approached used during the entire thesis. By collecting various kinds of data, the understanding has increased. We have analyzed all data, concluded the report and offered further recommendations.

No description available.