While scholarship often focuses on how early modern Italians used images in their devotions, particularly in the post-Tridentine era, little attention has been placed upon how laypeople engaged with devotional text during times of prayer and in their everyday lives. Studies of early modern devotional texts have explored their literary content, investigated their censorship by the Church, or concentrated upon an elite readership. This thesis, instead, investigates how ordinary devotees interacted with holy words in their material form, which I have termed ‘material prayers’. Since this thesis developed under the aegis of the interdisciplinary research project, Domestic Devotions: The Place of Piety in the Italian Renaissance Home, 1400-1600, it focuses primarily on engagement with these material prayers in domestic spaces. Using an interdisciplinary approach drawing from material culture studies, literary history, social and cultural history, and art history, it brings together objects, images and archival sources to illuminate how devotees from across the socio-economic and literacy spectrums accessed and employed devotional text in their prayers and daily life. From holy words, Biblical excerpts, and prayers to textual symbols like the Sacred Monogram of the Name of Jesus, this thesis explores how and why these material prayers were employed for spiritual, apotropaic and intercessory purposes. It analyses material prayers not only in traditional textual formats (printed books and manuscripts), but also those that were printed on single-sheets of paper, inscribed on jewellery, or etched into the structure of the home. To convey how devotees engaged with and relied upon these material prayers, it considers a variety of inscribed objects, including those sanctioned by the Church as well as those which might be questioned or deemed ‘superstitious’ by ecclesiastical authorities. Sermons, Inquisition trial records, and other archival documents have been consulted to further illuminate the material evidence. The first part of the thesis, ‘On the Body’, considers the how devotees came into personal contact with texts by wearing prayers on their bodies. It examines a range of objects including prayers with protective properties, known as brevi, that were meant to be sealed in a pouch and worn around the neck, and more luxurious items of physical adornment inscribed with devotional and apotropaic text, such as necklaces and rings. The second part of the thesis enters the home to explore how the spaces people inhabited and the objects that populated their homes were decorated with material prayers. ‘In the Home’ begins with texts inscribed over the entryways of early modern Italian homes, and then considers how devotees decorated their walls with holy words and how the objects of devotion and household life were imbued with religious significance through the addition of pious inscriptions. By analysing these personal objects and the textual domestic sphere, this thesis argues that these material prayers cut across socio-economic classes, genders, and ages to embody quotidian moments of domestic devotion as well as moments of fear, anxiety and change.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-17T19:21:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VALÉRIA PATRÍCIA ARAÚJO SILVA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCS 2017.pdf: 2030927 bytes, checksum: 35c9446ade62c6244bbc8167859a3fe7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T19:21:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VALÉRIA PATRÍCIA ARAÚJO SILVA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCS 2017.pdf: 2030927 bytes, checksum: 35c9446ade62c6244bbc8167859a3fe7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / CNPq / O Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida (PMCMV), no âmbito da habitação de interesse social, realocou para o Condomínio Habitacional Major Veneziano as famílias da “Favela do Papelão”, da “Ocupação Margarida Maria Alves” - organizada pelo Movimento de Luta nos Bairros, Vilas e Favelas (MLB) - e centenas de outras famílias oriundas de diversos bairros da cidade de Campina Grande-PB. As experiências, dinâmicas, adaptações, lutas e vivências destas famílias são muito diferenciadas e esta dissertação de mestrado buscou revelar, a partir de entrevistas realizadas com 35 moradores, como estigmas, desigualdades, precariedades, segregações e irregularidades são ressignificados no cotidiano de um condomínio vertical do PMCMV. Além disso, esta pesquisa reflete sobre a política habitacional implementada no Brasil na última década destinada às famílias baixa renda. Neste aspecto, a partir da ótica da sociologia da vida cotidiana, este estudo resgata as origens, trajetórias e experiências com o espaço urbano das famílias realocadas para os apartamentos, a partir da percepção dos próprios sujeitos beneficiados pelo programa de moradia. Quatro anos depois da realocação efetivada, o “sonho” da casa própria não se realizou para todos. Muitas famílias da ocupação Margarida Maria Alves permanecem no condomínio, enquanto a maior parte daquelas que chegaram provenientes da Favela do Papelão deixou os apartamentos. Além das reclamações referentes à segregação urbana, já revelada por outros estudos sobre o PMCMV, foi possível apreender também uma dinâmica de conflitos, vulnerabilidades e precariedades que girava em torno de dois temas principais: o não pagamento da taxa de condomínio e as regras da convivência coletiva. Há ainda o medo e a insegurança frente à criminalidade e violência, principalmente associados ao uso e venda de drogas, roubos e furtos. A percepção mais comum é de um sonho frustrado, ou, como diz uma moradora “Eu costumo chamar isso aqui de terra do nunca, aqui nunca existiu, aqui não existe, nem a gente existe”. / The Brazilian Housing Program "Minha Casa, Minha Vida" (PMCMV), in the ambit of social interest’s housing, reallocated to the Condominium Housing Major Veneziano the families of the "Favela do Papelão", the "Ocupação Margarida Maria Alves" – organized by the Movement of Fight in the Neighborhoods, Villages and Favelas (MLB) – and hundreds of other families from different neighborhoods of the city of Campina Grande-PB. The experiences, dynamics, adaptations, struggles and experiences of these families are very different and this Master's dissertation sought to reveal, from interviews with 35 residents, such as stigmas, inequalities, precariousness, segregation and irregularities are re-signified in the daily life of a vertical condominium Of PMCMV. In addition, this research reflects on the housing policy implemented in Brazil in the last decade for low-income families. In this aspect, from the perspective of the sociology of everyday life, this study rescues the origins, trajectories and experiences with the urban space of families reallocated to the apartments, based on the perception of the individuals benefited by the housing program. Four years after the actual relocation, the “dream” of the home was not realized for all. Many families of the occupation Margarida Maria Alves remain in the condominium, while the majority of those that arrived from the Favela do Papelão left the apartments. In addition to the complaints about urban segregation, already revealed by other studies on the PMCMV, it was also possible to understand a dynamics of conflicts, vulnerabilities and precariousness that concern two main themes: the nonpayment of the condominium fee and the rules of collective coexistence. There are also fear and insecurity in front of crime and violence, mainly associated with the use and sale of drugs, robberies and thefts. The most common perception is of a frustrated dream, or, as one resident says: “I usually call this here a never land, here it never existed, it does not exist, nor we do exist”.

Various potential modes of interpreting the urban space in the inner city of Pretoria is evaluated in this study with the purpose of expanding discourse around spatial production in the city. Production of meaning through formal and structural means produced a city that served as administrative capital and ideological base for Afrikaners until the arrival of a democracy in 1994. The contemporary urban space is produced by people through everyday life, as theorised by Henry Lefebvre, rather than through formal means such as name changes. This study evaluates the way that identity and belonging is created by referring to everyday life practices, rhythmanalysis and daily activities as performances. Urban space is evaluated from a phenomenological perspective through the eyes of an artist and resident and expressed in an art exhibition. The way artists Julie Mehretu and Franz Ackermann dealt with urban space in their art is also referenced. / Art History, Visual Arts and Musicology / M.A. (Visual Arts)

Mgr. Tomáš Vokáč Engaged Drama of Everyday Life (Socially Engaged French Drama of the late 19th and 20th Century) Abstract This thesis describes the fundamental ontological change in the character of the French drama of the 19th and 20th century which became the basis for the modern French drama of the 20th century. The thesis is based on the analysis of the selected plays with the focus on socially engaged and socio-critical themes. This thesis defines the basic line of development of the socially engaged drama that begins with the work of naturalistic writers Émile Zola and the Goncourt brothers, continues in the form of Henry Becque's playwrights and the authors grouped around Andre Antoine's Théâtre Libre, especially Jean Jullien and his theory of "live theatre", and results in the definition of Eugène Brieux's, François de Curel's and partly Octava Mirbeaua's drama. The opposite character of French theatre and drama at the turn of the 19th and 20th century is described as the counterpart to this line. The thesis provides comparison with the contemporary influences of commercial and subsidized theatres, refers to the symbolist theatre and to the work of late Parnassians. It also closely describes Neo- Romanticism Drama in verse represented by the works of Edmond Rostand, Jean Richepina and, partially,...

Mathematics has got roots in Finland in the last quarter of the 19th century and came to flourish in the first quarter of the next century. In the first quarter of the 20th century, mathematicians were involved in teaching mathematics at schools and writing school textbooks. This involvement decreased and came to an end by the launching of the ‘New Math’ project. Mathematics education for elite was of positive affect to higher education, and this has changed by the spread of education, the decrease of mathematics teaching hours at schools and the changes in school mathematical curricula. The impact of curriculum changes is evident in Finnish students’ performance in the IEA comparative studies, PISA and IMO.

Pierre Bourdieu (1930–2002) war ein französischer Ethnologe und Soziologe, der von 1981 bis 2001 einen Lehrstuhl für Soziologie am Collège de France innehatte. Sein zentrales Erkenntnisinteresse richtete Bourdieu auf die Beständigkeit der sozialen Verhältnisse, deren zentralen Mechanismus er im Phänomen der symbolischen Gewalt fand. Bourdieu beschreibt dabei, wie in der sozialen Praxis über Akte des Klassifizierens Herrschafts- und Machtverhältnisse konstituiert und perpetuiert werden. Als Beispiel schlechthin für die symbolische Gewalt benennt Bourdieu die „Männliche Herrschaft“. Die Rezeption dieses Konzepts ist in der deutschsprachigen Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung bis heute jedoch eher zurückhaltend.

Background: We live in a world where not everyone is employed; numerous people havelost their jobs due to several factors where one of them is the economic crisis. This has hada huge impact on Sweden and the unemployment rate. Previous research has shown thatinflation, unemployment, and high interest rates represent risks to consumer welfare. We all consume daily, or on occasions, but how do unemployed consumers consume, what do they consume and why? In this area, the authors have found a knowledge gap in literature; therefore exploring this phenomenon is of interest.   Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore and illustrate how consumers who have experienced a life transition, from employment to unemployment, are affected by this and how it has an impact on their consumption.   Method: This is an exploratory study performed with a qualitative and an abductive approach, where the authors used primary data collection through semi-structured in-depth interviews in Swedish with 16 unemployed consumers. These unemployed consumers were selected at Arbetsförmedlingen, the public employment service, in Jönköping.   Results: By living in unemployment the consumers have been affected psychologically, physically, financially and socially. Their identity has changed for each of them since they have to adapt to the new circumstances in their life. The new life situation has had an impact on the consumer’s well-being where depression, anxiety, and a feeling of being the underdog in the society is present. Their new life situation has implied a change in their consumption behavior since they nowadays have to prioritize the basic needs. Many of the respondents used explicit and implicit shopping-list in order to reduce their impulse buying. The contribution that the authors have done to the theory of resistance is a fourth category called ‘Everyday life resistance’ which explains the behavior of people who live in unemployment, i.e. they always have to think about resisting temptations, wants, desires, and avoiding situations where the result may be unnecessary consumption. The consumers in this study are highly involved in their consumption behavior, which the authors have chosen to call ‘reversed habitual decision making’. This kind of involvement is very high despite the high- or low risk category of the product. Their new life situation has made them more aware of product alternatives, market supply, prices, and also knowledge about their own resistance in the marketplace. / Bakgrund: Vi lever i en värld där inte alla har en anställning, en omfattande andel av befolkningen har förlorat sitt jobb på grund av flera faktorer, där en av dem är den ekonomiska krisen. Detta har haft en stor påverkan på Sverige och dess arbetslöshet. Föregående studier har visat att inflation, arbetslöshet och hög räntesats representerar risk för konsumentens välbefinnande. Vi alla konsumerar dagligen eller vid speciella tillfällen, men hur konsumerar en arbetslös konsument, vad konsumerar dem och varför? Inom detta område har författarna funnit ett kunskaps gap i litteraturen, därav är en undersökning av detta fenomen av intresse.   Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att utforska och illustrera hur konsumenter som har genomgått en livsförändring, från att ha varit anställd till att vara arbetslös, är påverkade av detta och hur detta har inverkat på deras konsumtion.   Metod: Detta är en explorativ studie genomförd med en kvalitativ och abduktiv tillvägagångssätt där författarna har använt sig av primär information samlad genom, till viss del, strukturerade djupgående intervjuer på svenska med 16 arbetslösa konsumenter. Dessa var utvalda vid Arbetsförmedlingen i Jönköping.   Resultat: Att leva som arbetslös har påverkat konsumenterna psykologiskt, fysiskt, finansiellt och socialt. Deras identitet har förändrats då de måste anpassa sig till den nya livssituationen. Den nya situationen har påverkat konsumenternas hälsa då de känner av depression, ängslan och känner sig mindre värda i samhället. Deras nya livssituation har inneburit en det förändringar i deras konsument beteende eftersom de numera måste prioritera sina primära behov. Många av studiens deltagare använde sig av explicita och implicita inköpslistor för att minimera spontanköp. Författarnas bidrag till teorin om motstånd är en fjärde kategori kallad ‘Vardagligt motstånd’ vilket förklarar beteendet hos arbetslösa personer dvs. de måste hela tiden tänka på att motstå frestelser, begär och försöka undvika situationer där onödiga inköp kan uppstå. Konsumenterna i denna studie är synnerligen involverade i sitt konsument beteende, detta har författarna valt att benämna ’omvänt rutin besluts genomförande’. Denna typ av involvering är väldigt hög oavsett om produktkategorin innebär hög- eller låg risk. Deras nya livssituation har gjort dem mer medvetna om alternativa produkter, marknadens utbud, priser och ny kunskap om deras egna motstånd inom konsumtionssamhället.

<p><strong>Background:</strong> We live in a world where not everyone is employed; numerous people havelost their jobs due to several factors where one of them is the economic crisis. This has hada huge impact on Sweden and the unemployment rate. Previous research has shown thatinflation, unemployment, and high interest rates represent risks to consumer welfare. We all consume daily, or on occasions, but how do unemployed consumers consume, what do they consume and why? In this area, the authors have found a knowledge gap in literature; therefore exploring this phenomenon is of interest.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Purpose:</strong> The purpose of this study is to explore and illustrate how consumers who have experienced a life transition, from employment to unemployment, are affected by this and how it has an impact on their consumption.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Method:</strong> This is an exploratory study performed with a qualitative and an abductive approach, where the authors used primary data collection through semi-structured in-depth interviews in Swedish with 16 unemployed consumers. These unemployed consumers were selected at Arbetsförmedlingen, the public employment service, in Jönköping.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Results:</strong> By living in unemployment the consumers have been affected psychologically, physically, financially and socially. Their identity has changed for each of them since they have to adapt to the new circumstances in their life. The new life situation has had an impact on the consumer’s well-being where depression, anxiety, and a feeling of being the underdog in the society is present. Their new life situation has implied a change in their consumption behavior since they nowadays have to prioritize the basic needs. Many of the respondents used explicit and implicit shopping-list in order to reduce their impulse buying. The contribution that the authors have done to the theory of resistance is a fourth category called ‘Everyday life resistance’ which explains the behavior of people who live in unemployment, i.e. they always have to think about resisting temptations, wants, desires, and avoiding situations where the result may be unnecessary consumption. The consumers in this study are highly involved in their consumption behavior, which the authors have chosen to call ‘reversed habitual decision making’. This kind of involvement is very high despite the high- or low risk category of the product. Their new life situation has made them more aware of product alternatives, market supply, prices, and also knowledge about their own resistance in the marketplace.</p> / <p><strong>Bakgrund:</strong> Vi lever i en värld där inte alla har en anställning, en omfattande andel av befolkningen har förlorat sitt jobb på grund av flera faktorer, där en av dem är den ekonomiska krisen. Detta har haft en stor påverkan på Sverige och dess arbetslöshet. Föregående studier har visat att inflation, arbetslöshet och hög räntesats representerar risk för konsumentens välbefinnande. Vi alla konsumerar dagligen eller vid speciella tillfällen, men hur konsumerar en arbetslös konsument, vad konsumerar dem och varför? Inom detta område har författarna funnit ett kunskaps gap i litteraturen, därav är en undersökning av detta fenomen av intresse.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Syfte:</strong> Syftet med denna studie är att utforska och illustrera hur konsumenter som har genomgått en livsförändring, från att ha varit anställd till att vara arbetslös, är påverkade av detta och hur detta har inverkat på deras konsumtion.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Metod:</strong> Detta är en explorativ studie genomförd med en kvalitativ och abduktiv tillvägagångssätt där författarna har använt sig av primär information samlad genom, till viss del, strukturerade djupgående intervjuer på svenska med 16 arbetslösa konsumenter. Dessa var utvalda vid Arbetsförmedlingen i Jönköping.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Resultat:</strong> Att leva som arbetslös har påverkat konsumenterna psykologiskt, fysiskt, finansiellt och socialt. Deras identitet har förändrats då de måste anpassa sig till den nya livssituationen. Den nya situationen har påverkat konsumenternas hälsa då de känner av depression, ängslan och känner sig mindre värda i samhället. Deras nya livssituation har inneburit en det förändringar i deras konsument beteende eftersom de numera måste prioritera sina primära behov. Många av studiens deltagare använde sig av explicita och implicita inköpslistor för att minimera spontanköp. Författarnas bidrag till teorin om motstånd är en fjärde kategori kallad ‘Vardagligt motstånd’ vilket förklarar beteendet hos arbetslösa personer dvs. de måste hela tiden tänka på att motstå frestelser, begär och försöka undvika situationer där onödiga inköp kan uppstå. Konsumenterna i denna studie är synnerligen involverade i sitt konsument beteende, detta har författarna valt att benämna ’omvänt rutin besluts genomförande’. Denna typ av involvering är väldigt hög oavsett om produktkategorin innebär hög- eller låg risk. Deras nya livssituation har gjort dem mer medvetna om alternativa produkter, marknadens utbud, priser och ny kunskap om deras egna motstånd inom konsumtionssamhället.</p>

<p>This ethnographic project delves into the spheres of life of three autistic adults and their families. This thesis analyzes their experiences, current routines, and personal and family narratives about what it means to be an autistic adult across different identities and geographies. This thesis also identifies forms of knowledge that arise in these life experiences and shape strategies, decisions, or attitudes taken to navigate through life or overcome possible difficulties in their present and futures. This research takes place in Colombia, a diverse country and engages with anthropology of the everyday, sensory anthropology and disability studies.</p>

This paper interweaves narrativized readings and experiential narratives as personal and cultural resources for counterhegemonic cultural critique within our historical context of globalization and ecological crisis. Framed by perspectives on epistemology, everyday life, and place, these reflections seek to engage and revitalize our notions of community, creativity, and the individual, towards visioning the human art of community as a counternarrative to globalization. Such a task involves confronting the meanings we have come to ascribe to work and economy which so deeply determine our social fabric. Encountering the thought of key 19th and 20th century social theorists ranging from William Morris, Gregory Bateson, and Raymond Williams, to Murray Bookchin, Martin Buber, and Wendell Berry, these reflections mark the indivisible web of culture in the face of our insistent divisions, and further, iterate our innate creativity as the source for a vital, sustainable culture that might reflect, in Bateson’s terms, the pattern that connects.