The period preceding and after the enactment of ESTA marks an increase in the difficulties faced by the farm dwellers in South Africa. They are still faced with illegal evictions. Their difficulties are marked with loss of land for food farming, loss of work, income and homes. Nevertheless, the introduction of ESTA in 1997 aimed at protecting and restoring the land rights of farm dwellers working on farms. Despite its existence there are still challenges of illegal evictions. This research focuses on difficulties faced by farm workers after the enactment of ESTA and investigate the process and effects of illegal evictions. The thesis adopts a qualitative research methodology that takes the form of a case study on two farms, Killarney farm and Shellford farm, where farm workers experienced evictions. The findings confirm that the farm workers are subject to illegal evictions. The evictions are due to the conversion of agricultural farms to game farming and also due to labour disputes. Poor living conditions are evident and farm owners conduct tacit evictions by imposing restrictions and threatening the farm workers who wish to stay on the farms. This thesis concludes by presenting suggestions that may restrict or put an end to illegal evictions. ESTA needs to be amended in order to ensure the security of farm workers who live on the farms.

This dissertation considers the possible influence of the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 on the common law obligations of the seller vis-à-vis: 1) risk and duty to take care, 2) eviction and 3) defects. Before one can have a look at the influence of new legislation on the common law, it is necessary to first go backward to look at where it all started in order to understand any possible influence. In the first chapter there is therefore a historical overview of the common law in general as well as the law of contract. Reference is also made to the Roman law perspective as well as the Roman concept of contract; the Roman-Dutch law perspective as well as the Roman-Dutch concept of contract; and the South African law perspective as well as the South African concept of contract. In chapter 2 the common law and the law of contract is discussed in general with reference to concepts such as ownership, law of obligation, and the emptio venditio. Chapter 3 deals with the essence of this dissertation as we look at the common law obligations of the seller and in specific the risk and duty of the seller to take care of the thing sold until it is handed over to the buyer (factors that influence the duty to take care, passing of risk, and passing of risk in sales by way of consignment); the seller‟s warranty against eviction (including the obligations of the buyer when there is a threat of possible eviction); and the seller‟s warranty against latent defects (ex lege warranties, ex contractu warranties, the actio empti and the aedilitian actions). In chapter 4 there is a very short discussion on the influence of the Constitution of South Africa, 1996 in general as well as specifically on the law of contract. Chapter 5 deals with the influence of the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 in general, specifically on the law of contract (why an Act to protect the interests of consumers?) and then the influence on risk and the seller‟s duty to take care of the thing sold (the consumer‟s right to return goods; the supplier‟s obligation to draw potential risk of an unusual character or that the consumer could not reasonably be expected to be aware of or that could result in serious injury or death to the attention of the consumer), the influence on the seller‟s warranty against eviction (the consumer‟s right to assume that the supplier is entitled to sell the goods; sections 44 and 51) and the influence on the seller‟s warranty against latent defects (disclosure of reconditioned or grey market goods; quality of goods). The conclusion follows in chapter 6. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Mercantile Law / unrestricted

This Diploma thesis is telling the story of the village Kralupy u Chomutova that had to be demolished because of coal mining. It is following the life of people of the village from the time before World War I untill the 70's. It is the time when the village was demolished. Kralupy u Chomutova were located in so called Sudetenland. Therefore its rezidents where changing during 20th century. In the end It was them who were witnesses of the demolition and their stories are part of this thesis.

The Eviction is a film about the forced eviction of a large homeless encampment in Dallas. In an effort to understand the gravity over a month of filming I will capture the stories of people, events, and the trials of those who are trying to offer a hand up.

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The theoretical framework of accumulation by dispossession allows for a critical examination of urban development projects within neoliberalism (Harvey, 2009; Swyngedouw, Moulaert & Rodriguez, 2002). Within the same neoliberal paradigm, sports mega-events have come to play a significant role for urban regeneration and policy-making (Hall, 2006). Meanwhile attending to the well-documented cases of mass-evictions and reduction of standard housing rights as a recurrent consequence of cities hosting such events (Blunden, 2012), we believe that such a critical examination is arguably important in order to do justice to these kinds of urban regeneration projects. In this paper we analyse, by a case study approach, how mega-events amplify and accelerate the process of accumulation by dispossession. We attend to the development of the Olympic Park and Olympic Village, Barra da Tijuca, in preparation for the Rio 2016 Games, as well as the neighbouring community of Vila Autódromo. By analysing different types of source material, we discuss how the mechanisms of privatisation and entrepreneurialism are reflected in our case; understood as two important mechanisms that facilitate the process of accumulation by dispossession (Harvey, 2009).

En recherchant la maîtrise des flux migratoires, la France entretient des rapports avec l'Union européenne, les pays européens, les pays d'émigration et les organisations non gouvernementales. Deux points essentiels apparaissent dans cette analyse des rapports internationaux de la France. Le premier concerne l'élaboration d'une politique migratoire de l'Union européenne révélant un cadre de négociations difficiles. La mise en œuvre de cette politique dépend des intérêts particuliers de chaque Etat membre. Le deuxième porte sur les coopérations bilatérales d'une efficacité incertaine donnant priorité aux contrôles des flux migratoires sans prendre en compte les attentes des différentes parties contractantes. Parallèlement à la mise en place de ces rapports, les instruments juridiques internationaux dégagent un ensemble de droits protégeant les étrangers. Progressivement, la France est ainsi obligée de s'aligner sur la jurisprudence européenne qui est plus protectrice à l'égard des ressortissants étrangers. / In looking for the control of migratory flows, France maintains relationships with the European Union, the European countries, the countries of emigration and the non-governmental organizations. Two mains points appear in this analysis of the French international relationships. The first one concerns the elaboration of a migratory policy of the European Union which shows a framework of difficult negotiations. The implementation of this policy depends on the particular interests of every member state. The second point is about the bilateral cooperations of an uncertain efficiency giving priority to the controls of migratory flows without taking into account the expectations of the various contracting parties. At the same time as the setting up of these relationships, the international legal instruments highlight a set of rights that protect the foreigners. Gradually, France is then compelled to align itself with the European jurisprudence which is more protective towards the foreign nationals.

<p>From the filing of an application to evict to the final execution of an eviction order is a long and complicated process. This raises questions about how the actors involved experience and act during this process. The general aim of the study was to describe and analyse this process from the respective perspectives of the landlords, the social services and the individuals (families) facing eviction in three municipalities in the county of Stockholm. The issues discussed are how the landlords and the social welfare offices are organised, their work procedures, respective scopes of action and resources, and how individuals facing eviction cope with their life situation.</p><p>The material for the study consists of qualitative interviews with nine handling officers at six landlord offices, fifteen social workers at three social welfare offices, twelve individuals who were facing eviction and fifteen observations of conversations between social workers and individuals who were facing eviction. The analytic framework used consists of perspectives and concepts derived from organisation theory – Human Service Organizations and street-level bureaucrats – and theories on coping. A main result of the study is that the work procedures of the professionals are standardised in many ways and are characterised by similar procedures for classifying and categorising the individuals facing eviction, irrespective of how the three municipalities have organised their work. Another main result is that the primarily interests of the individuals facing eviction are to meet what they experience to be their children’s needs, and to avoid eviction. Further, the individuals experience as stressful their life situation marked by the threat of eviction in combination with reduced financial resources that make it difficult for them to meet their children’s needs. The study has identified two types of strategies that individuals facing eviction use in order to cope with their life situation and to achieve their interests. These are emotion-focused strategies and problem-focused strategies, which are described and discussed.</p>

I have conducted a review on four countries in Scandinavia and the goal was to create a better understanding about what has caused homelessness in this countries. The result shows that the causes of homelessness can be explained by a variety of reasons. The most common causes of homelessness were related to mental illness and drug abuse. There where also other causes of homelessness, which was considered normal in Scandinavia. Examples of other causes were eviction, unemployment, housing policy, housing shortage, payment of debts, separations and family problems.

In this thesis we have attempted to study four basic aspects of DNA-protein interactions: Affinity, specificity, accessibility and kinetics. With NF-kB as our model transcription factor, we wanted to investigate how a particular dimer recognizes a specific binding sequence? How fast are these interactions? And finally, how does the NF-kB interact with it binding site in the chromatin context? Specificity of NF-kB-DNA interactions has recently come into focus after it was shown that these dimers can bind to the sequences which do not fall into the NF-kB general consensus motif. We studied seven such sequences for their specificity for four NF-kB dimers. Our results show that p50 homodimers are least discriminative and can bind specifically to all these sequences. While as, RelA homodimers were highly discriminative and did not bind to most of these nontraditional sequences. We used two different methods to measure binding affinities: traditional gel mobility shift assay (EMSA) and a novel technique called as UV laser footprinting. Our results show that UV laser footprinting is the better method to determine the binding constants.For studying the dynamics of NF-kB-DNA binding, we combined UV laser footprinting with stopped flow device. This combination, not only give us one base pair resolution but also milli-second time resolution. Using p50 homodimers as a model transcription factor, we showed that the binding of this factor follows a two-step mechanism. First step involves the fast recognition of the sequence and second step follows a slower kinetics most likely for the stabilization of the complex. Our experiments suggest that flanking sequences play a role in the recognition and stabilization process of the complex formation.Finally, we also studied the accessibility of nucleosomes to NF-kB. Our in vitro data sheds light on the in vivo requirements for the alterations in chromatin structure necessary for the productive binding of NF-kB. These include either a removal of H2A-H2B dimers from the nucleosome and/or chromatin remodeler induced relocation of the histone octamer.Our data sheds light on the in vivo requirements for the alterations in chromatin structure necessary for the productive binding of NF-kB. We hypothesize that some factors like PU.1 might be able to target the chromatin remodeling/dimer eviction machinery to particular nucleosomes and lead to productive binding of NF-kB.