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En ögonamputation innebär en livslång begränsning av synfunktionen vilket kan förväntas påverka livskvaliteten. Syftet var att identifiera faktorer som påverkade livskvalitet på lång sikt efter en ögonamputation i vuxen ålder samt att beskriva hur livskvaliteten påverkades. Metod: Litteraturstudien följde niostegsmodellen av Polit och Beck (2017). Artiklarnas relevans bedömdes i tre urvalssteg: 1. Huruvida titel/ sammanfattningen matchade syftet. 2. Huruvida artiklarna i sin helhet matchade syftet samt in- och exklusionskriterierna. 3. Kvalitets­bedömning. Databearbetning: Faktorer som påverkade livskvalitet hos ögonamputerade protesbärare sorterades efter likheter och olikheter. Kategorier formulerades och tre karakteristiska teman identifierades bland dessa. Resultatet baserades på sju artiklar. Bland faktorerna som påverkade livskvalitet efter en ögonamputation identifierades tre teman ’Slutgiltig fysisk förändring’, ’Psykiska och känslomässiga påfrestningar’ samt ’Socialt undvikande beteende’. Temat ’Slutgiltig fysisk förändring’ tilldelades kategorierna ’Två blir ett: Enögdheten & monokulärt seende’ och ’Ett camouflerat operationsärr: Ögonhåla & protes’. ’Bearbetning av ögonförlusten’, ’Psykologiska problem’ samt ’Utmattning’ var de tre kategorierna tillhörande temat ’Psykiska och känslomässiga påfrestningar’. Temat ’Socialt undvikande beteende’ tillhörde kategorierna: ’Upplevd begränsad funktionsduglighet’ och ’Osäkerhet i mellanmänskliga relationer’. Slutsatsen: Studien sammanfattar kunskapsläget kring faktorer som påverkar livskvalitet efter en ögonamputation på lång sikt. Kunskap som behövs för att kunna optimera rehabiliteringsprocessen, ge god omvårdnad samt förhindra utanförskap. / Amputation of an eye results in life-long limitations of eye sight function which can be expected to affect quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to identify factors having long-term effects on QoL after amputation of an eye in adult patients and to describe in which way QoL was affected. Method: A litterature review following nine steps according to Polit and Beck (2017) was performed. Selection of relevant scientific articles was done in three steps: Evalutating relevance according to 1. title and abstract, 2. Article as a whole concidering aim of the review and criteria for in- and ex-clusion. 3. Study quality. Data analysis: Factors affecting QoL due to eye-amputation and wearing of an artificial eye were sorted according to similarities and differences. That way different categories were formed and among those main themes were identified. The result was based on seven articles. The three main themes that could be identified among factors influencing QoL after amputation of an eye were: ’Definitive physical changes’, ’Mental and emotional strains’ and ’Social avoidance’. Characteristic categories for the theme ’Definitive physical changes’ were ’Two become one: Monocularism & monocular sight’ and ’A camouflaged operation scar: Eye socket & prosthesis’. ’Processing the loss of an eye’, ’Psychological problems’ and ’Fatigue’ were three categories belonging to the theme ’Mental and emotional strains’.  The theme ’Social avoidance’ included categories like ’Experienced limited functioning’ and ’Uncertainty in interpersonal relationsships’. Conclusions: The review tries to sum up available ’recent’ research on factors with long-term effect on QoL after amputation of an eye. Knowledge which is necessary to improve rehabilitation- and caring-interventions as well as to prevent alienation in such patients

There is a growing recognition that removal of an eye may cause a significant impact on a person's body image and her or his role in society; and may evoke a variety of emotional responses. The loss of an eye does not only signal disfigurement, it also means a loss of a body part and a vital sense; that of sight. Without vision, individuals have difficulty communicating. The emotional responses to this loss many a times, go unrecognized as the doctors and nurses who are in close contact with the patient at this time are not necessarily prepared to provide emotional care. This study seeks to address this gap by identifying the emotional impact of loss of an eye and sight on people's lives and the implication it has for health care workers, especially nurses. The eliciting of the different feelings and experiences of these patients can provide information for the formulation and design of protocols for holistic health care management. A non-experimental exploratory and descriptive design was used to conduct In-depth conversational interviews with seven purposively selected participants who had enucleation or evisceration between 2000 and 2005. Information-rich data yielded findings that clearly stressed the need for greater sensitization to the problem. All the participants expressed shock at the final diagnosis of enucleation or evisceration even if this was on their request. Patients wanted to know about the operation and its outcome, the prosthesis, how will it look like and its fit. Findings indicate that answers to these questions were not provided. Patients were not adequately emotionally prepared pre-operatively and were therefore not appropriately cared for post-operatively. Families were not satisfactorily involved and as such were not in a position to provide emotional support that the patients needed The recommendation was that a study to explore the health care team's knowledge in the psychological and emotional management of patients in crisis should be conducted as a benchmark for further training. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a resposta tecidual e clínica a um implante orbitário de polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA), oco e multiperfurado em sua porção posterior em modelo animal de evisceração. Dezesseis coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia foram submetidos à evisceração do globo ocular direito. Todos receberam implante de polimetilmetacrilato de 12 mm de diâmetro multiperfurado em sua semiesfera posterior. O estudo foi dividido em avaliação clínica e histopatológica. A avaliação clínica foi diária até 14 dias pós-evisceração e, a cada sete dias, até completar 180 dias. Os animais foram divididos em grupos de quatro animais e cada um foi submetido à exenteração com 07, 30, 90 e 180 dias e depois à eutanásia. A análise histopatológica teve por fim caracterizar o padrão inflamatório, a estrutura do colágeno e o grau de neovascularização. Para isso, além da tradicional coloração pela hematoxilina-eosina (HE), utilizou-se o corante Picrosirius Red (PSR) e imunohistoquímica com o marcador CD34. Não houve sinais de infecção, exposição ou extrusão do implante em nenhum animal durante o estudo. Já no sétimo dia, o tecido neoformado migrou para dentro do implante formando uma rede fibrovascular através dos canais posteriores. A resposta inflamatória diminuiu ao longo do tempo avaliado e não foram encontradas células gigantes multinucleadas. O implante analisado é biocompatível, inerte e sua estrutura permite a sua integração aos tecidos orbitários pelo crescimento fibrovascular. / The objective of the present study was to evaluate the tissue and clinical response to a hollow and multiperforated polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) orbital implant in its posterior portion in an evisceration animal model. Sixteen New Zealand rabbits were submitted to evisceration of the right eyeball. All animals were implanted with 12 mm diameter of PMMA multiperforated in their posterior hemisphere. The study was divided into clinical and histopathological evaluation. The clinical evaluation was daily during the 14 days after evisceration, and every seven days until completing 180 days. The animals were divided into groups of four animals and each was exenterated at 07, 30, 90 and 180 days and then at euthanasia. Histopathological analysis was aimed at characterizing the inflammatory pattern, the collagen structure and the degree of neovascularization. For this, in addition to the traditional hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE), we used the Picrosirius Red dye (PSR) and immunohistochemistry with the CD34 marker. There were no signs of infection, exposure or extrusion of the implant in any animal during the study. On the seventh day, the newly formed tissue migrated into the implant, forming a fibrovascular network through the posterior channels. The inflammatory response decreased over time and no multinucleated giant cells were found. The implant analyzed is biocompatible, inert and its structure allows its integration into the orbital tissues by fibrovascular growth.

A Carne Mecanicamente separada de Frango (CMSF) pode apresentar elevada carga microbiana, como consequência da contaminação durante o processamento ou falhas durante o processo de evisceração. O processo de irradiação é aceito como uma das mais efetivas tecnologias, quando comparada às técnicas convencionais de preservação, por reduzir a contaminação de microrganismos patogênicos e deterioradores. A irradiação provoca alterações químicas no alimento, uma das principais causas da deterioração da qualidade de produtos cárneos crus ou cozidos, durante o armazenamento refrigerado ou congelado. O objetivo deste estudo foi de avaliar os efeitos de diferentes taxas de dose de radiação ionizante sobre a produção de Substancias Reativas ao Ácido Tiobarbitúrico (TBARS), a cor, as características microbiológicas e sensoriais da CMSF adicionada ou não de antioxidantes, ao longo do armazenamento refrigerado, bem como a avaliação das propriedades funcionais. / The mechanically deboned chicken meat (MDCM) can have a high microbial load, as a result of contamination during processing or failure during the evisceration. The irradiation process is accepted as one of the most effective technologies when compared to conventional techniques of preservation, to reduce contamination of pathogens and spoilage. Irradiation causes chemical changes in food, a major cause of deterioration of quality of raw or cooked meat products during refrigerated storage, frozen. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different dose rates of ionizing radiation on the production of Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS), color, microbiological and sensory characteristics of MDCM added or not of antioxidants during storage cooled, and the evaluation of functional properties.

There is a growing recognition that removal of an eye may cause a significant impact on a person's body image and her or his role in society; and may evoke a variety of emotional responses. The loss of an eye does not only signal disfigurement, it also means a loss of a body part and a vital sense; that of sight. Without vision, individuals have difficulty communicating. The emotional responses to this loss many a times, go unrecognized as the doctors and nurses who are in close contact with the patient at this time are not necessarily prepared to provide emotional care. This study seeks to address this gap by identifying the emotional impact of loss of an eye and sight on people's lives and the implication it has for health care workers, especially nurses. The eliciting of the different feelings and experiences of these patients can provide information for the formulation and design of protocols for holistic health care management. A non-experimental exploratory and descriptive design was used to conduct In-depth conversational interviews with seven purposively selected participants who had enucleation or evisceration between 2000 and 2005. Information-rich data yielded findings that clearly stressed the need for greater sensitization to the problem. All the participants expressed shock at the final diagnosis of enucleation or evisceration even if this was on their request. Patients wanted to know about the operation and its outcome, the prosthesis, how will it look like and its fit. Findings indicate that answers to these questions were not provided. Patients were not adequately emotionally prepared pre-operatively and were therefore not appropriately cared for post-operatively. Families were not satisfactorily involved and as such were not in a position to provide emotional support that the patients needed The recommendation was that a study to explore the health care team's knowledge in the psychological and emotional management of patients in crisis should be conducted as a benchmark for further training. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

A Carne Mecanicamente separada de Frango (CMSF) pode apresentar elevada carga microbiana, como consequência da contaminação durante o processamento ou falhas durante o processo de evisceração. O processo de irradiação é aceito como uma das mais efetivas tecnologias, quando comparada às técnicas convencionais de preservação, por reduzir a contaminação de microrganismos patogênicos e deterioradores. A irradiação provoca alterações químicas no alimento, uma das principais causas da deterioração da qualidade de produtos cárneos crus ou cozidos, durante o armazenamento refrigerado ou congelado. O objetivo deste estudo foi de avaliar os efeitos de diferentes taxas de dose de radiação ionizante sobre a produção de Substancias Reativas ao Ácido Tiobarbitúrico (TBARS), a cor, as características microbiológicas e sensoriais da CMSF adicionada ou não de antioxidantes, ao longo do armazenamento refrigerado, bem como a avaliação das propriedades funcionais. / The mechanically deboned chicken meat (MDCM) can have a high microbial load, as a result of contamination during processing or failure during the evisceration. The irradiation process is accepted as one of the most effective technologies when compared to conventional techniques of preservation, to reduce contamination of pathogens and spoilage. Irradiation causes chemical changes in food, a major cause of deterioration of quality of raw or cooked meat products during refrigerated storage, frozen. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different dose rates of ionizing radiation on the production of Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS), color, microbiological and sensory characteristics of MDCM added or not of antioxidants during storage cooled, and the evaluation of functional properties.

Newts of the genus Taricha have long been studied due to the powerful neurotoxin found in their skin. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) acts by blocking receptors in sodium channels, ultimately resulting in death via asphyxiation. The only documented predators of species in this genus have been snakes of the genus Thamnophis. Recently, predation on Taricha in Ledson Marsh in Annadel State Park, Santa Rosa, CA was discovered. Predation was in the form of laceration or evisceration, and tracking of predation from 1998-2008 showed that it was male-biased. Two species of Taricha were found living sympatrically at this location, the California newt (T. torosa) and the rough-skinned newt (T. granulosa). Fluorometric High Phase Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis was used in order to quantify TTX levels in the skin of ten male and ten female newts of each species. Quantification of TTX was done to determine the influence, if any, that TTX levels may have on sex-biased predation in this population. I predicted that levels of TTX would be greater in females than males, and greater in T. granulosa than T. torosa since very few T. granulosa were preyed upon during the study period. My results indicated that there were significant differences between the sexes, and T. torosa were significantly more toxic than T. granulosa. An in-depth ecological study of relative abundances of both species and identification of the predator are needed at this site to obtain a clear picture of the predator-prey dynamics at Ledson Marsh

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2014-09-01T11:43:37Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao Aline Pedrosa de Oliveira.pdf: 515374 bytes, checksum: d30d363de41e126253e6f9af6a518254 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-01T11:43:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao Aline Pedrosa de Oliveira.pdf: 515374 bytes, checksum: d30d363de41e126253e6f9af6a518254 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-29 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Poultry food products are identified as being important backers of Salmonella sp. and cause of salmonellosis, which can occur all over the world. In consequence of the impact of this agent to public health and the economy, its monitoring and control should be established in poultry slaughtering. In relevance has been observed the emergence of resistant strains isolated from food to antibiotics in treatment failures reflect the lack of effective response to the principle of the pathogen antimicrobial elected. In this context, the aim of this work was to verify the occurrence of Salmonella sp. in broilers slaughtered in 15 batches from four industries of the state of Goias. The plots were composed of six different samples of carcasses, hearts, gizzards, livers, defeathering and evisceration gutters, using the methods conventional bacterial isolation and enzyme immunoassay VIDAS® for investigation. The susceptibility profile of isolates was determined. Observed the occurrence of Salmonella sp. in 53.33% (8/15) of the lots analyzed and it was found that among the 300 samples analyzed, 21 (7%) were contaminated by the agent. Samples of heart and gizzard showed a higher positivity rate (8.90%), followed by carcass samples (8%), evisceration gutters (6.70%), liver and defeathering showed lower percentages of isolation (4.45 %). In all categories of samples was the isolation of the pathogen, which characterizes the presence of the agent in food and environment slaughter and processing of poultry products. The most frequently isolated serovar of Salmonella Schwarzengrund was (22.41%), followed by serovars Salmonella Cerro (20.69%) and Salmonella Typhimurium (20.69%), Salmonella Livingstone (10, 34%), Salmonella Infantis (5.17%), Salmonella Enteritidis (3.45%), Salmonella Mbandaka (3.45%), Salmonella Saintpaul (3.45%), Salmonella Anatum (1.72%), Salmonella O: 9.15 (1.72%), Salmonella Ohio (1.72%) and Salmonella reacted, but did not conform RDNC (5,17%). Profile of antimicrobial susceptibility, it was observed that 100% of the strains were resistant to erythromycin, 56,89% to nalidixic, 13,79% enrofloxacin, 6,90% to cefotaxime, 3,45% cephalothin and cefoxitin, none of the strains were resistant to sulfazotrim and chloramphenicol. It was observed that 35 (60.34%) were resistant to more than one rule, and one of the isolates was resistant to six of the eight principles antimicrobials. By this results, obtained by evaluated plots, it can concluded that poultry food “in natura” realeased to contain Salmonella consumption, it is also present in the environment of slaughter. This finding supports the need for monitoring food consumption and the environment slaughtering of broilers. Isolates strains denoted different profiles of susceptibility to antimicrobials, occurring multiple resistance and cross-resistance to be considered when evaluated the risk of pathogen in foods. / Os alimentos de origem avícola são apontados como importantes veiculadores de Salmonella sp. e causadores da salmonelose, passível de ocorrer em todo o mundo. Em virtude do impacto deste agente à saúde pública e à economia, seu monitoramento e controle devem ser estabelecidos nos estabelecimentos de abate de aves. Não menos preocupante, tem sido observado o surgimento de cepas isoladas de alimentos resistentes a antibióticos, refletindo em falhas de tratamento pela ausência de resposta efetiva do patógeno ao princípio antimicrobiano eleito. Neste contexto, objetivou-se com este trabalho verificar a ocorrência de Salmonella sp. em 15 lotes de frangos abatidos em de quatro agroindústrias do estado de Goiás. Os lotes foram compostos por seis grupos amostrais sendo eles, carcaças de frangos, corações, moelas, fígados, depenadeiras e calhas de evisceração, empregando o isolamento bacteriológico convencional e o ensaio imunoenzimático VIDAS® como métodos de investigação. Ainda, foi verificado o perfil de suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos das cepas isoladas. Observou-se a ocorrência de Salmonella sp. em 53,33% (8/15) dos lotes analisados e constatou-se que dentre as 300 amostras analisadas, 21 (7%) mostraram-se contaminadas pelo agente. As amostras de coração e moela apresentaram maior percentual de positividade (8,90%), seguido pelas amostras de carcaça (8%), calha de evisceração (6,70%); fígado e depenadeira apresentaram percentuais menores de isolamento (4,45%). Em todas as categorias de amostras houve o isolamento do patógeno, o que caracteriza a presença do agente em alimentos e no ambiente de abate e processamento de produtos avícolas. O sorovar de maior freqüência isolado foi Salmonella Schwarzengrund (22,41%), seguido pelos sorovares Salmonella Cerro (20,69%) e Salmonella Typhimurium (20,69%), Salmonella Livingstone (10,34%), Salmonella Infantis (5,17%), Salmonella Enteritidis (3,45%), Salmonella Mbandaka (3,45%), Salmonella Saintpaul (3,45%), Salmonella Anatum (1,72%), Salmonella O:9,15 (1,72%), Salmonella Ohio (1,72%) e 5,17% corresponderam a Salmonella não tipável ou rugosa. Quanto ao perfil de suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos, observou-se que 100% das cepas apresentaram resistência a eritromicina, 56,89% ao ácido nalidíxico, 13,79% à enrofloxacina, 6,90% à cefotaxima, 3,45% à cefalotina e à cefoxitina, nenhuma das cepas apresentou resistência ao sulfazotrim e ao cloranfenicol. Observou-se que 35 (60,34%) apresentaram resistência a mais de um princípio, sendo que um dos isolados mostrou-se resistente a seis dos oito princípios antimicrobianos testados. Por estes resultados, obtidos de lotes de frangos avaliados, pode-se concluir que alimentos avícolas pesquisados in natura liberados para consumo continham Salmonella sp., patógeno também presente no ambiente de abate. Esta constatação ampara a necessidade do monitoramento dos alimentos destinados ao consumo e do ambiente de abate das aves. Os isolados denotaram diferentes perfis de suscetibilidade a antimicrobianos testados, ocorrendo resistência múltipla e cruzada, informação a ser considerada quando avaliado o risco do patógeno em alimentos.