The implementation of the stop-and-frisk duty of the police is extremely closely related to the intervention of people¡¦s freedom of action, privacy and moral integrity right. In the past, the basis of law for the fulfillment of the stop-and-frisk duty by the police authorities was only the ¡§Regulations of the Police Duties.¡¨ Nevertheless, the Regulations contained no content of the objective for initiating the stop-and-frisk duty, the stop-and-frisk procedures and the means of relief. The Regulations only mention the term of stop and frisk, but lack the soul and body of stop and frisk. Based on the term of stop and frisk, the police always legitimized the enforcement of many banning acts, such as searching the house of a citizen in the midnight in the name of fulfilling the stop-and-frisk duty of the household. Similar behaviors were frequently found, thus creating many complaints from the citizens. After the chancellor of Judicial Yuan made an explanation of Shih No. 535, a lot of feedbacks from the police were undoubtedly created. To Taiwan, this is a great leap in marching towards a country under the rule of law. It has made the police authorities understand the importance of administrative procedures, and urged the birth of ¡§Act of Exercise of the Police Powers.¡¨ In the new Act, the behavior of stop and frisk is replaced by the term ¡§checking of identity.¡¨ A local scholar, Wu Keng once mentioned that ¡§stop and frisk¡¨ had been abolished and not been used. However, is it the fact? This paper is going to investigate the issue. Besides, does the constitution of the Act mean that the stop-and-frisk legal system is sound enough? This is another issue worthy of studying. Due to the vastness and un-limitedness of Administration Act, there is no country in the world having a sound and complete Administration Act. Nevertheless, viewing at the theories and principles of Administration Act, it can be generally divided into five main structures: basic principles, administrative organization, limit of administrative rights, administrative relief and administrative surveillance. If an administrative legal system is fearless to receive the examination based on each item of the five main structures of Administrative Law, it can be called a sound and complete administrative legal system. Another local scholar, Li Chen-Shan thinks that the separation of criminal law from Administration Act has led to the division of the police¡¦s mission of maintaining public security into two parts: ¡§prevention of harm¡¨ and ¡§criminal arrest,¡¨ which prevents the administrative harm and the criminal harm respectively. While they cross over the administrative area and the criminal area, stop-and-frisk duty belongs to an administrative behavior. Since it just belongs to the ¡§prevention of harm,¡¨ it should be regulated by the theories and principles of Administration Act. Therefore, this paper takes the stop-and-frisk legal system of police officers as the main body of the study. From the viewpoint of the science of law, this paper employs the abovementioned basic theories of Administration Act, i.e. the ¡§five major structures¡¨ of administrative principles, administrative organization, limit of administrative rights, administrative relief and administrative surveillance, as the research approaches of the study to examine the stop-and-frisk system of the police officers of Taiwan. Under this mode of thinking, the study is divided into seven chapters. Chapter 1 is Introduction, which firstly raises queries over the practice of fulfilling stop-and-frisk duty by the police authorities, and then introduces the motives, objectives, research approaches, research area and research structure of the paper. Chapter 2 is Basic Principles of Stop-and-Frisk Legal System, which firstly reviews the basic concepts of the two terms, the police and stop and frisk, and then investigates the background for the constitution of stop-and-frisk legal system. In this chapter, substantial information from the social aspect of the practical phenomena, the economic aspect of the optimal adjustment, the political aspect of negotiation and compromising, and the legal aspect of acts and regulations, is presented, enabling us to have a deeper understanding of the practical phenomena of stop-and-frisk legal system. After that, the chapter analyzes and compares the international aspects of the stop-and-frisk legal system of three countries, Germany, Japan and the United States, so as to take them as the references for the improvement of local legal system. Then, the chapter investigates the concepts of the rule of law of stop-and-frisk legal system, as well as the nature of stop and frisk from the angles of the three administrative principles according to laws and the seven principles of procedural justice. Finally, the chapter explores the relationship between stop-and-frisk legal system and the participation of the parties concerned. It is hoped that through the participation methods of the parties concerned, the stop-and-frisk legal system can become more sound and complete. Chapter 3 introduces the administrative organization of stop-and-frisk legal system by starting from the organizational structure of the existing police organization, and then investigates the organizational structure of the police authorities, staff on duty (including the assistants on duty), the budget and other problems. It is expected that a complete organizational structure can be formed to achieve a smooth operation of the stop-and-frisk practices of police officers. Chapter 4 discusses about the design and use of the limit of the rights of stop-and-frisk legal system. The chapter investigates each item stipulated in Administrative Procedure Act,¡¨ including the administrative plan, administrative legislation, legislative punishment, administrative investigation, administrative agreement, administrative guidance and the fulfillment of administrative obligations, hoping to make a comprehensive investigation of the limit of the stop-and-frisk rights. Chapter 5 introduces the relief and problem-solving measures of stop-and-frisk legal system. There is an ancient saying about law, ¡§Where there is right, there is relief.¡¨ This chapter firstly mentions the right of dissent, and then discusses about the issues of pleading, administrative lawsuit, national compensation, compensation of loss and referendum, intending to cover every detail of the rights of citizens. Chapter 6 talks about the administrative surveillance of stop-and-frisk legal system, and investigates the internal surveillance mechanism of the police authorities themselves and the external fair surveillance mechanism of the third parties. It is hoped that the surveillance mechanisms can meet the national and public requirements, no matter from the legal facet or the practical facet. Chapter 7 is the Conclusions and Suggestions, which synthesize the researcher¡¦s discussion of the five main structures of Administration Act. Over some specific items of the existing stop-and-frisk legal system of the police officers that need to be revised or deleted, the chapter proposes concrete suggestions, which can be a reference for the police authorities in exercising their powers, and working on the goals of building the administrative standards of Taiwan according to law, and improving the legal image of Taiwan under the rule of law.

<p>Provbanken är en del i ett nationellt provsystem som är tänkt att vara ett bedömningskomplement till existerande prov i gymnasieutbildningen. Växjö universitet har varit delaktig i utvecklingen av prov för de yrkesinriktade ämnena sedan 1997. Eftersom innehållet i dessa numera webbanpassade prov är det väsentliga, måste utformningen av provet göras lättförståelig. Användbarheten måste m a o vara självklar och inte ställa till problem för användaren. Som en av utvecklarna av dessa interaktiva prov, ville jag finna ett sätt att minimera problemen och öka användbarheten. I de bakgrundsstudier som gjordes, fann jag att en iterativ designprocess föreslogs vara den bästa metoden för att åstadkomma mitt mål. Med hjälp av användartest kopplade till teoretiska referensramar, utvärderades ett av proven som skapats vid Växjö universitet. Eftersom ett omvårdnadsprov valdes, blev målgruppen sex omvårdnadselever. Tre av dem deltog i det första användartestet. Datainsamlingen utfördes med hjälp av en kvalitativ metod, där både observationer och intervjuer användes som empiriska insamlingstekniker. I analysen som följdes upptäcktes sex höga eller medelhöga problem, varav tre av de mest akuta valdes att förändras. Dessa problem utvärderades och implementerades med hjälp av teoretiska riktlinjer i en prototyp som användartestades med de tre kvarvarande omvårdnadseleverna. I den analys som gjordes kunde de jämförda resultaten peka på en förbättring av användbarheten i det specifika prov som undersökts. Det kunde dock även konstateras att ett flertal problem återstod för att helt uppnå målet med en minimering av problem.</p><p>Denna uppsats visar på betydelsen av att göra iterativa designprocesser i interaktiva system för att öka dess användbarhet. Studien pekar tydligt på vikten av att göra användartest samt hur teori kan vara ett komplement till utformning av interaktiva gränssnitt.</p> / <p>Provbanken is part of a national examination system, which is meant to be a mark-setting complement to existing tests in the upper secondary school. Växjö University has been part of the development of tests regarding the vocational subjects since 1997. Because the content of these web-adapted tests is essential, the design of the tests must be made easy to understand. In other words, the usability has to be obvious and must not create trouble for the user. As one of the developers of these interactive tests, I wanted to find a way to minimize the problems and increase the usability. In the conducted background studies, I found that the iterative design process was suggested as the best method to achieve my goal. With the help of usability tests applied to theoretical frame of reference, one of the tests created at Växjö University was evaluated. Since a test regarding homecare was chosen, the target group became six homecare students. Three of them took part in the first usability test. The gathering of data was conducted with the help of a qualitative method, where observations and interviews were used as empirical techniques. In the following analysis six high or medium high problems were discovered, out of which three of the most urgent problems were solved. These problems were evaluated and implemented with help of theoretical guidelines into a prototype, which later became usability tested with the three remaining homecare students. In the analysis made, the compared results showed an improvement of the usability in the specific, investigated test. However, it could clearly be stated that several issues persisted until the goal of minimizing the problems could be achieved.</p><p>This thesis shows the importance of performing iterative design processes in interactive systems in order to increase the usability. The study clearly points out the importance of usability tests and how theory can be a complement in the design of interactive interfaces.</p>

近年來海內外企業舞弊的新聞層出不窮，面對公司不斷發生的舞弊案件，必須思考、研究如何改變傳統稽核方法與工具，消極目的在協助董監事評估內控制度是否持續有效，積極目的在於執行舞弊專案稽核，進而強化公司之控制環境，逐步達到事前分析舞弊行為徵兆之可能。 本研究擬就資料倉儲之導入，建構個案集團公司內部稽核專屬資料倉儲，及藉由資料採礦分析軟體運用分析研究，挖掘出有價值的稽核元件知識；進一步完善持續性稽核的運作環境；為本研究動機所在。本研究將以跨全球經營之個案電子業集團公司為研究對象，從資料倉儲及資料採礦導入工作執行過程及內部稽核作業實際程序及分析結果加以研究，以下列議題進行相關分析探討： 議題一、個案電子業集團公司資料倉儲導入過程探討及成果分析 議題二、個案電子業集團公司導入資料採礦於內部稽核作業之運用分析 本研究較傳統單一議題或產業研究更具廣度，進而對更多在多面向內控舞弊查核議題上有興趣更深入探討的研究者，提供一個參考意見與研究方向。而以個案集團公司導入資料倉儲及資料採礦對內控循環作業中所涉及之集團內常見舞弊高風險交易作業(如：圍標、拆單等)的成果分析，廣泛運用於集團眾多事業群處及作業系統資料庫，是為本研究較為特殊之貢獻。 本個案研究係採取實地稽核作業實施方式，驗證資料倉儲及資料採礦導入分析結果。並歸納出多面向內控循環作業之舞弊查核、形成以風險評估為基礎之稽核計畫、專案舞弊查核結果再強化資料倉儲及資料採礦元件技術等研究結論。 / There is a competitive circumstance for all companies to face how to survive in the world, it includes the opening the marketing, competing with others, preventing from the internal fraud …and so on. Here is a study for the board of directors to focus on how to execute the internal auditing program to make everything perfect under control. To review lots of the prevailing fraud cases in past, a company must have its own opinions to adjust the suitable auditing program and to adopt the accurate detecting processing in order to strengthen the controlling power and narrow down the risk in advance. This study is how to establish the data input and then retrieve the useful information for further analysis based on the mega data bank in the prevailing system of one of public electronic companies in Taiwan. A company engages in the research and development of products, they can, pursuant to their need, add the research and development circle, including the control operation for the basic research, the design of products, the research of technology, the making and testing of products, the research/ development information, and the recording and storage of information in system. There are two main factor issues for further discussion and break it down as the following--- (1) The investigation on the practical data input and the analysis by the result (2) How to retrieve the data for the internal auditing purposes This subject study is different from the same case of the past in the electronic industry in Taiwan. If you scrutinize the details of this report, you will find out lots of fraud cases in the company and the accurate auditing program taken for each of them. There are very interesting and ambitious directions for the public people to consider and investigate in order to fit it in their own industries in future. There are lots of frauds happened in the progressing of the global biding or local biding. You are able to detect the fraud by the internal control points through the data analysis from the prevailing computer system. The result in group biding or separating biding, those activities are existed under controlled by the certain people for benefit themselves. This is a true case happened in Taiwan. The internal auditor of this company would adopt the appropriate auditing progressing by verifying the data warehousing and data mining. A service enterprise’s internal audit unit shall, based on the results of the fraud detecting, the risk assessment, to renew the auditing plan stipulated and designed by the subjected factor into the book.

Στην παρούσα διατριβή παρουσιάζονται παράλληλοι αλγόριθμοι και εφαρμογές σε πολυπύρηνες μονάδες επεξεργασίας γραφικών. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, εξετάζονται οι μέθοδοι σχεδίασης ενός παράλληλου αλγορίθμου για την επίλυση τόσο απλών και κοινών προβλημάτων, όπως η ταξινόμηση, όσο και υπολογιστικά απαιτητικών προβλημάτων, έτσι ώστε να εκμεταλλευτούμε πλήρως την τεράστια υπολογιστική δύναμη που προσφέρουν οι σύγχρονες μονάδες επεξεργασίας γραφικών. Πρώτο πρόβλημα που εξετάστηκε είναι η ταξινόμηση, η οποία είναι ένα από τα πιο συνηθισμένα προβλήματα στην επιστήμη των υπολογιστών. Υπάρχει σαν εσωτερικό πρόβλημα σε πολλές εφαρμογές, επομένως πετυχαίνοντας πιο γρήγορη ταξινόμηση πετυχαίνουμε πιο καλή απόδοση γενικότερα. Στο Κεφάλαιο 3 περιγράφονται όλα τα βήματα σχεδιασμού για την εκτέλεση ενός αλγορίθμου ταξινόμησης για ακεραίους, της count sort, σε μια μονάδα επεξεργασίας γραφικών. Σημαντική επίδραση στην απόδοση είχε η αποφυγή του συγχρονισμού των νημάτων στο τελευταίο βήμα του αλγορίθμου. Στη συνέχεια παρουσιάζονται εφαρμογές παράλληλων αλγορίθμων σε υπολογιστικά απαιτητικά προβλήματα. Στο Κεφάλαιο 4, εξετάζεται το πρόβλημα χρονοπρογραμματισμού εξετάσεων Πανεπιστημίων, το οποίο είναι ένα πρόβλημα συνδυαστικής βελτιστοποίησης. Για την επίλυσή του χρησιμοποιείται ένας υβριδικός εξελικτικός αλγόριθμος, ο οποίος εκτελείται εξ' ολοκλήρου στην μονάδα επεξεργασίας γραφικών. Η τεράστια υπολογιστική δύναμη της GPU και ο παράλληλος προγραμματισμός δίνουν τη δυνατότητα χρήσης μεγάλων πληθυσμών έτσι ώστε να εξερευνήσουμε καλύτερα τον χώρο λύσεων και να πάρουμε καλύτερα ποιοτικά αποτελέσματα. Στο επόμενο κεφάλαιο γίνεται επίλυση του προβλήματος σχεδιασμού κίνησης για υποθαλάσσια οχήματα με βραχίονα. Εξετάζεται το πρόβλημα τόσο του ολικού σχεδιασμού όσο και του τοπικού. Στην πρώτη περίπτωση είναι σημαντική η καλή λύση και η ακρίβεια και ο παράλληλος αλγόριθμος που χρησιμοποιείται για την αναπαράσταση του περιβάλλοντος εργασίας σε μια Bump-επιφάνεια βοηθάει προς αυτή την κατεύθυνση. Στη δεύτερη περίπτωση, το πρόβλημα είναι πρόβλημα πραγματικού χρόνου και μας ενδιαφέρει η ταχύτητα εύρεσης της επόμενης θέσης του οχήματος. Ο παράλληλος προγραμματισμός και η GPU βοηθούν σημαντικά σε αυτό. Τελευταία εφαρμογή που εξετάστηκε είναι η μελέτη ενός συστήματος ημιφθοριωμένων αλκανίων με την μοριακή προσομοίωση Monte Carlo. Η παραλληλοποίηση ενός μέρους, του πιο χρονοβόρου, του αλγορίθμου έδωσε τη δυνατότητα εξέτασης ενός πολύ μεγαλύτερου συστήματος σε αποδεκτό χρόνο. Σε γενικές γραμμές, γίνεται φανερό ότι ο παράλληλος προγραμματισμός και οι σύγχρονες πολυπύρηνες αρχιτεκτονικές, όπως οι μονάδες επεξεργασίας γραφικών, δίνουν νέες δυνατότητες στην αντιμετώπιση καθημερινών προβλημάτων, προβλημάτων πραγματικού χρόνου και προβλημάτων συνδυαστικής βελτιστοποίησης. / In this thesis, parallel algorithms and applications in manycore graphics processing units are presented. More specifically, we examine methods of designing a parallel algorithm for solving both simple and common problems such as sorting, and computationally demanding problems, so as to fully exploit the enormous computing power of modern graphics processing units (GPUs). First problem considered is sorting, which is one of the most common problems in computer science. It exists as an internal problem in many applications. Therefore, sorting faster, results in better performance in general. Chapter 3 describes all design options for the implementation of a sorting algorithm for integers, count sort, on a graphics processing unit. The elimination of thread synchronization in the last step of the algorithm had a significant effect on the performance. Chapter 4 addresses the examination timetabling problem for Universities, which is a combinatorial optimization problem. A hybrid evolutionary algorithm, which runs entirely on GPU, was used to solve the problem. The tremendous computing power of GPU and parallel programming enable the use of large populations in order to explore better the solution space and get better quality results. In the next chapter, the problem of motion planning for underwater vehicle manipulator systems is examined. In the gross motion planning problem, it is important to achieve a good solution with high accuracy. The parallel algorithm used for the representation of the working environment in a Bump-surface is a step towards this direction. In the local motion planning problem, which is a real-time problem, the time needed to find the next configuration of the vehicle is crucial. Parallel programming and the GPU greatly assist in this online problem. Last application considered is the atomistic Monte Carlo simulation of semifluorinated alkanes. The parallelization of part of the algorithm, the most time-consuming, enabled the study of a much larger system in an acceptable execution time. In general, it becomes obvious that parallel programming and new novel manycore architectures, such as graphics processing units, give new capabilities for solving everyday problems, real time and combinatorial optimization problems.

This item contains the agenda, minutes, and attachments for the Faculty Senate meeting on this date. There may be additional materials from the meeting available at the Faculty Center.

L’importance de la problématique des vaches laitières non gestantes avec multiples inséminations (› 3) communément appelées « Repeat Breeder » (RB), au Québec, repose sur deux facteurs: son incidence et son impact économique. Actuellement, l’incidence du syndrome RB au Québec est de ± 25% (Rapport annuel, juin 2008, www.dsahr.ca). Les pertes monétaires associées à ce problème proviennent des frais vétérinaires et d’insémination, de la diminution de productivité ainsi que des pertes en lien avec la réforme involontaire. Afin d’avoir de meilleures connaissances sur ce syndrome, nous devons connaître les facteurs de risques généraux impliqués et ensuite explorer la condition individuelle de ces vaches problèmes. Dans la première partie de ce mémoire, une banque de données informatisées répertoriant 418 383 lactations fut analysée. L’objectif de ce projet de recherche était d’évaluer l’impact des problèmes reproducteurs post-partum et l’effet du nombre de lactations comme facteurs de risques de la vache Repeat Breeder. L’analyse a permis d’établir la dystocie comme étant la condition ayant le plus de conséquences sur la fertilité future. D’autres facteurs de risques à savoir le nombre de lactations influencent le pronostic reproducteur. La deuxième partie de ce mémoire consistait à explorer, à l’aide d’outils cliniques, la condition individuelle des vaches RB. Une étude cohorte fut menée sur des vaches Holstein en fin de période d’attente volontaire au jour 7 du cycle oestral. Les tests cliniques étudiés furent la vaginoscopie, l’examen transrectal, l’ultrasonographie du système reproducteur, la présence d’estérases leucocytaires, la bactériologie et la biochimie du liquide utérin, la cytologie endométriale et le profil de progestérone sérique. Les résultats de ces tests cliniques dévoilent que l’examen bactériologique du liquide utérin est révélateur du statut reproducteur futur. / Two factors underlie the Repeat Breeder (RB) concerns in Quebec: its incidence and economic impact. Currently RB incidence in Quebec is of ± 25% (yearly Report, June 2008, www.dsahr.ca). Monetary losses related to the RB are the result of veterinary expenses and insemination, loss of productivity and the involuntary culling. In order to have a better knowledge of this syndrome, one must understand the general risk factors involved and then explore the individual condition of these problem cows. The goal of the first part of the project was to assess the impact of the postpartum reproductive problems and the effect of the lactation number as risk factors of the Repeat Breeder cow. A computerized data bank listing 418 383 lactations was analyzed. The analysis established dystocia as being the condition with the most consequences on future fertility. Other risk factors namely the number of lactations influence the reproductive prognosis as well. The second part of the research was to explore the individual condition of the RB using clinical tools. A cohort study was conducted on Holstein cows at the end of the voluntary waiting period on day 7 of the oestrous cycle. The clinical tests studied were vaginoscopy, trans-rectal examination, ultrasonography of the reproductive system, presence of leukocyte esterase, bacteriology and biochemistry of uterine fluid, endometrial cytology and serum progesterone profile. The results of these clinical tests reveal that the bacteriological analysis of uterine fluid is indicative of future reproductive status.

Serial prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measurements (PSA velocity) as an additional instrument to detect prostatic cancer was introduced in 1992. It has previously been reported that PSA increase per year differed in the last 5 years prior to diagnosis in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (0.18 ng/ml/year), locally confined (0.75 ng/ml/year) and metastasized (4.4 ng/ml/year) cancer of the prostate (CaP) in contrast to healthy men (0.04 ng/ml/year). The ability of PSA velocity to detect organ-confined CaP in patients with intermediate PSA serum values depends therefore on a reliable and reproducible PSA result. The present study comprised 85 men with PSA values between 3 and 8 ng/ml (Abbott IMx). PSA measurements were repeated with Abbott IMx (n = 85 patients) and Hybritech Tandem-E (n = 59 patients) assays. The PSA serum values differed from one examination to the other from 0.02 to 2.74 ng/ml with the Abbott IMx. Standard deviation amounted to 0.35 ng/ml with the Abbott IMx PSA assay. Using the Hybritech Tandem-E assay, mean standard deviation was 1.15 ng/ml and therefore higher than with the Abbott IMx assay. The difference from one test to the other ranged from 0.05 to 4.05 ng/ml with the Hybritech Tandem-E. Using the Abbott IMx assay, 10.6% of all repeat measurements exceeded 1 ng/ml whereas in the Hybritech Tandem-E assay 62.7% of the second measurements differed >1 ng/ml from the first PSA result. An increase in PSA serum values may therefore be due to intratest variation, physiological day-to-day variation as well as prostatic disease. It is important to notice that the intra-assay variation may be greater than the PSA increase per year in a patient with CaP. Therefore, PSA velocity seems to be of limited value. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

The aim of the study was to establish the possible causes of poor Grade 12 results in physical science in South Africa and to apply a total quality management (TQM) approach to suggest a solution. The literature study indicates that resources, preparation or subject knowledge, commitment and support affect the quality of performance. The research was done in one school district (cluster). Following the literature study a questionnaire was distributed to 150 science teachers from 31 schools and the response rate was 73% (113 responses). The questionnaire tested the respondents' perception on the availability of resources and the support received by them, the support given to learners and their level of preparation and subject knowledge. From this, as well as from the biographical information from the questionnaire, certain conclusions were made about the reasons for poor performance of learners in science examinations. It could be concluded from the analysis of the results that limited support to teachers and support to learners are important factors contributing to a poor Grade 12 pass rate. The pass rate also correlates positively with experience levels of teachers. Although 39% of teachers are unqualified or under-qualified, no significant correlation could be found between pass rate and level of qualification. Analysis of the effect of commitment on pass rate was inconclusive. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

The aim of the study was to establish the possible causes of poor Grade 12 results in physical science in South Africa and to apply a total quality management (TQM) approach to suggest a solution. The literature study indicates that resources, preparation or subject knowledge, commitment and support affect the quality of performance. The research was done in one school district (cluster). Following the literature study a questionnaire was distributed to 150 science teachers from 31 schools and the response rate was 73% (113 responses). The questionnaire tested the respondents' perception on the availability of resources and the support received by them, the support given to learners and their level of preparation and subject knowledge. From this, as well as from the biographical information from the questionnaire, certain conclusions were made about the reasons for poor performance of learners in science examinations. It could be concluded from the analysis of the results that limited support to teachers and support to learners are important factors contributing to a poor Grade 12 pass rate. The pass rate also correlates positively with experience levels of teachers. Although 39% of teachers are unqualified or under-qualified, no significant correlation could be found between pass rate and level of qualification. Analysis of the effect of commitment on pass rate was inconclusive. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.