Spelling suggestions: "subject:"excretion."" "subject:"xcretion.""
141 |
The effects of climate change and introduced species on tropical island streamsFrauendorf, Therese 01 August 2020 (has links)
Climate change and introduced species are among the top five threats to freshwater
systems face. Tropical regions are considered to be especially sensitive to the effects of
climate change, while island systems are more susceptible to species introductions.
Climate-driven changes in rainfall are predicted to decrease streamflow and increase flash
flooding in many tropical streams. In addition, guppies (Poecilia reticulata), an invasive
fish, have been introduced to many tropical freshwater ecosystems, either intentionally
for mosquito population control, or accidentally because of the aquarium trade. This
dissertation examines the effects of climate-driven change in rainfall and introduced
guppies on stream structure (resource and invertebrate biomass and composition) and
function (nutrient recycling) in Trinidad and Hawaii. In the first data chapter we used a
time series to examine how nutrient recycling of guppies changes in the first 6 years after introduction to a new habitat and to examine drivers of these changes. We found that
when guppy populations establish in a new environment, they show considerable
variation in nutrient recycling through time. This resulted from changes in guppy density
in the first two years of introductions, and changes in individual excretion in subsequent
stages. In the following chapter we utilized a rainfall gradient that mimics forecasted,
climate-driven changes in precipitation and resulting changes in streamflow to examine
the effects of climate change on stream food resources and macroinvertebrates. We found
that the drying of streams across the gradient was associated with a decrease in resource
quality and a 35-fold decline in macroinvertebrate biomass. Invertebrate composition also
switched to taxa with faster turnover rates. In the third data chapter we used this same
space-for-time substitution approach to determine if climate-driven changes in stream structure also affected stream function. We showed that population nutrient recycling
rates declined at the drier end of our rainfall gradient as a result of drops in population
densities. We also found that under the current climate scenario, community excretion
supplied up to 70% of the nutrient demand, which was ten-fold lower with projected
climate changes in streamflow. Lastly, since freshwater ecosystems often face multiple
human impacts, including climate change and invasive species, we wanted to understand
how climate-driven changes in flow might alter the impact of introduced guppies on
stream ecosystems. We selected several streams with guppies and several without
guppies along the Hawaii rainfall gradient to examine if the effect of guppies changed
with differences in streamflow. We found that the two stressors had synergistic effects on
macroinvertebrate biomass and nutrient recycling rates. We concluded that climate
change appeared to enhance effects of guppies, through direct and indirect effects. Overall, this dissertation shows that both climate change and species invasion can affect
stream ecosystems at multiple levels of organization. This dissertation demonstrates that
the effects of anthropogenic stressors are not static through time, and emphasizes the
need and utility of using several methodological approaches when measuring the
temporal effects of stressors. We also underline the significance of assessing multiple
stressor interactions, as more than one stressor often impacts ecosystems. / Graduate / 2019-09-01
|
142 |
Desenvolvimento e validação de um método bioanalítico para avaliação farmacocinética de uma mistura binária de triterpenos pentacíclicos e de seus metabólitos in vivo. / Developmnet and validation of bioanalytical method for pharmacokinetic disposition of a binary mixture of pentacyclic triterpenes and their metabolites in vivoRodrigues, Ivanildes Vasconcelos 11 August 2014 (has links)
A mistura triterpênica ¤ e ß- amirinas é comumente encontrada em quantidades significativas em espécies do gênero Protium (Burseraceae) e possuem reconhecidas atividades anti-inflamatória, hepatoprotetora, gastroprotetora e analgésica, dentre outras. Entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre sua farmacocinética e metabolismo. Neste sentido, esta tese teve o objetivo de desenvolver metodologias bioanalíticas para determinar a farmacocinética e a eliminação de ? e ?-amirinas isoladas de P. spruceanum bem como avaliar o metabolismo in vitro destes triterpenos. A mistura de ¤ e ß-amirinas foi isolada em grau de pureza cromatográfica acima de 99%. Foi desenvolvida e caracterizada uma nanoemulsão do tipo O/A contendo ¤ e ß-amirinas a fim de viabilizar a administração por vias oral e endovenosa e realizar os estudos de disposição cinética dessas substâncias em camundongos. O tamanho médio das partículas da nanoemulsão foi de 103,5 ± 0,44 nm, com porcentagem de encapsulação de acima de 99%. Os estudos de liberação in vitro mostraram baixa taxa de liberação após 24 horas. A avaliação da disposição cinética de ? e ?-amirinas em camundongos mostrou que após administração oral a suspensão de CMC não foi absorvida, entretanto a nanoemulsão contendo as substancias foi absorvida e a biodisponibilidade oral de ¤ e ß-amirinas foi de 1,03 ± 0,08 e 1,56 ± 0,24%, respectivamente. O Vd foi elevado e a T1/2 foi de 2,61±0,15 e 2,57±0,07 horas, respectivamente. O ClB mostrou-se elevado, comparado ao ClR. Após administração oral da nanoemulsão, praticamente toda a mistura foi eliminada inalterada nas fezes devido a baixa absorção. Entretanto, após administração endovenosa cerca de 50% da mistura foi eliminada inalterada pela via biliar. Estudos de eliminação renal de ¤ e ß-amirinas mostraram que apenas cerca de 0,2% das substâncias foram eliminadas por via renal após administração endovenosa. O fenômeno Flip-Flop ocorreu para a via extravascular utilizada. Os resultados da eliminação parcial e de baixa liberação in vitro sugerem que após administração endovenosa da nanoemulsão pode ocorrer acúmulo extravascular dos compostos, corroborando com altos Vd. As reações biomiméticas de oxidação de ¤ e ß-amirinas mostraram baixa taxa degradação. Apenas um metabólito putativo foi encontrado, entretanto, não foi possível observá-lo nas matrizes biológicas analisadas. / The triterpene mixture of ¤ and ß-amyrins is generally found in significative amounts in Protium species (Burseraceae). They have known biological activities as anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective and antinociceptive effects among others. However, their pharmacokinetics and metabolism are practically unknown. The purpose of this thesis was to develop bioanalytical methodologies to perform pharmacokinetic and elimination studies of ¤ and ß-amyrins from P. spruceanum as well as to evaluate in vitro metabolism of these triterpenes. The mixture ¤ and ß-amyrins was isolated with chromatography purity above 99%. One ¤ and ß-amyrins loaded O/W nanoemulsion was developed and characterized to enable the intravenous and oral administration and to performed pharmacokinetic studies of these compounds in mice. The average particle size was 103.5 ± 0.44 nm and the encapsulation efficiency was higher than 99%. In vitro release study demonstrated low release rater after 24 hours. The pharmacokinetics studies of ? and ?-amyrins indicated CMC suspension was not absorbed, however ¤ and ß-amyrins loaded O/W nanoemulsion was poorly absorved and bioavailability was 1.03 ± 0.08 and 1.56 ± 0.24% respectively. The Vd was high and T1/2 was 2.61 ± 0.15 e 2.57± 0.07 hours respectively. The ClB was high compared to ClR. After oral administration almost all ¤ and ß-amyrins were eliminated unchanged in faeces due to low absorption. However, after intravenous administration about 50% was excluded unchanged by biliar excretion pathway. Studies of ¤ and ß-amyrins renal elimination directed only 0.2 % were removed unchanged by renal pathway after intravenous administration. The Flip-Flop phenomenon was happen when ¤ and ß- amyrins was dispensed by extravascular via. The partial biliar excretion in vivo and low release rate in vitro suggests ¤ and ß-amyrins could be stored after nanoemulsion intravenous administration confirming high Vd. The biomimetic reactions of oxidation of ¤ and ß-amyrins showed low degradation rate and only one metabolite was found however it was not detected in biological samples.
|
143 |
Obtenção ex vivo de antígenos de excreção e secreção de cisticercos de Taenia crassiceps / The obtaining of ex vivo excretion-secretion antigen of Taenia crassiceps cysticercusGoebbels, Rosa Palmira Jácobo 13 February 2008 (has links)
Larvas de cisticercos de Taenia crassiceps foram deixadas em repouso em TRIS 9mM pH 7,2 com 1mM EDTA até 180 minutos, os sobrenadantes coletados e processados nos 30, 60, 120 e 180 minutos, dando origem aos antígenos de excreção e secreção (ES 30; ES 60; ES 120 e ES 180). A caracterização do antígeno de excreção e secreção de larvas de Taenia crassiceps foi feito por SDS-PAGE e imunoblot utilizando anticorpos monoclonais (AcMos) anti-T. crassiceps e anti-T. solium e anticorpos humanos. Os resultados mostraram que o rendimento do antígeno ES foi menor nos primeiros 30 minutos (0,4 µg) por larva quando comparado os demais ES (ES 60: 2,4 µg; ES 120: 2,9 µg; ES 180: 2,5 µg). O SDS-PAGE confirmou que no ES 30 há menos proteínas. No imunoblot, o ES 180 mostrou que 6 AcMos (anti-LV-Tcra; anti-ES-Tcra; anti-LV-Tso: A3; anti-T-Tso: B4, B11 e A6) reconheceram apenas as frações 18- e 14-kDa do antígeno ES 180. Os AcMos anti-E-Tso (B8) e anti-LV-Tso (B6) não reconheceram frações do antígeno ES 180. Anticorpos presentes em amostras humanas de pacientes com NC reconheceram as frações protéicas entre 94- a 30-kDa e as de 18- e 14-kDa. Utilizando antígeno ES 180 e amostras de soros de pacientes supostamente saudáveis (GC), foram identificadas proteínas acima de 30-kDa e somente uma amostra reconheceu a de 16- kDa, anômala em relação ao perfil 18- e 14-kDa. As amostras de soro de pacientes com outras parasitoses mostraram reatividade com frações ≥ de 30-kDa do ES 180 e o maior índice de reatividade foi com a proteína 71-KDa. Um total de 77%; 70%; 60% e 70% das amostras de pacientes com toxocaríase, esquistossomose mansônica, hidatidose e Chagas, respectivamente, reconheceram a fração 71-kDa do ES 180. O antígeno ES pode contribuir com futuros estudos abordando a complexa relação parasito hospedeiro na cisticercose e na produção de vacinas para o uso em suínos. / Cysticercus Larvae of Taenia crassiceps were maintained in TRIS 9mM pH 7,2 with 1mM EDTA for 180 minutes; the supernatant was collected and processed at 30; 60; 120 and 180 minutes, originating excretion-secretion antigens (ES 30; ES 60; ES 120 and ES 180). The characterization of the ES antigen was conducted through SDS-PAGE and immunoblot using anti-T. crassiceps and anti-T. solium monoclonal antibodies (AcMos) and human antibodies. The results showed that the production of ES antigen was lower in the first 30 min. (0,4 µg) compared with the others (ES 60: 2,4 µg; ES 120: 2,9 µg; ES 180: 2,5 µg). The SDS-PAGE confirmed that ES 30 presented less protein. By immunoblot,6 AcMos (anti-LV-Tcra; anti-ES-Tcra;anti-LV-Tso: A3; anti-T-Tso: B4, B11 and A6) have recognized only the 18- and 14-kDa fractions of the ES 180. The anti-E-Tso (B8) and the anti-LV-Tso (B6) AcMos did not recognize any fractions. Antibodies from human samples NC recognized the proteins from 94- to 30-kDa and from 18- and 14-kDa. Using serum samples of apparently healthy individuals (GC), the ES 180 antigen showed proteins > 30-kDa and one sample recognized the 16-kDa fraction, anomalous when compared to the 18- and 14-kDa fractions. The serum samples of subjects with other parasitoses showed reactivity ≥ 30-kDa, more frequently with 71-KDa protein. A total of 77%; 70%; 60% and 70% of the samples from subjects presenting toxocariasis, esquistossomose mansonic, hydatidosis and Chagas disease, respectively, recognized the 71-kDa fraction of ES 180. The ES antigen may contribute to further studies on the complex cysticercosis parasite/host relation as well as for the production of vaccines for swine.
|
144 |
Etude de la transmission du virus influenza au sein de populations d'Anatidae / The transmission of avian influenza virus inside an anatidea populationMamlouk, Aymen 20 December 2011 (has links)
Les virus influenza A ont suscité à partir de l’année 1997 un intérêtsanitaire et économique mondial considérable après l’émergence d’une formehautement pathogène d’un virus influenza aviaire H5N1. Cette épizootie a misen évidence le danger majeur que constitue la proximité entre espècessensibles sauvages et domestiques. En effet, pouvant présenter lescaractéristiques de réservoirs de ces virus, les canards étaient les plussoupçonnés de transmettre l’infection, grâce à une pratique migratoireimportante et d’un portage asymptomatique fréquent. Ce portage associe dans la plupart des cas des virus faiblement pathogènesde sous-types multiples. Ces virus peuvent se transmettre aux volaillesdomestiques et émerger en épizootie à virus hautement pathogène dans le casparticulier des sous-types H5 et H7. Ces épizooties peuvent avoir desconséquences économiques considérables, avec une mortalité avoisinant les100%, et sanitaire avec un possible passage à l’homme. Notre projet vise à caractériser l’infection et la transmission des virusinfluenza faiblement pathogènes, après inoculation expérimentale à unepopulation de canards de surface et plongeurs. Il répond également à lanécessité d’établir des méthodes de surveillance des virus influenzaaviaires à l’arrivé des oiseaux migrateurs dans des zones humides à richepatrimoine ornithologique, et situées à proximité de régions à fortpotentiel en matière de production avicole (La Dombes comme exemple). / Since 1997, influenza A viruses has given rise to great sanitary andeconomic interest after the emergence of a highly pathogenic subtype ofavian influenza virus H5N1. This epizooty underlined the threat that couldbe the closeness of wild and domestic birds. Ducks which were actuallyshowing reservoirs characteristics were suspected to pass on the virusthanks to their migratory habits and asymptomatic porterage.This porterage mostly involves low pathogenic viruses of numerous subtypes.Those viruses could be transmitted to domestic poultries and emerge, in thecase of H5 and H7 subtypes, in a viral highly pathogenic epizooty. Thoseepizooties may have major economic (average 100% mortality) and sanitary(possible transmission to humans) consequences.Our study aims to characterize the infection and the transmission of lowpathogenic avian influenza viruses, after experimental inoculation tosurface and diving ducks. It suggests setting up epidemiologic surveillancemethods of avian influenza viruses after the arrival of migratory birds inmost important wetlands, which are close to major poultry breeding regions(The Dombes for instance).
|
145 |
Determinação de fármacos antidepressivos em leite materno / Determination of antidepressants in breast milkSalazar, Fernanda Rodrigues January 2016 (has links)
O uso de fármacos durante a lactação é uma prática comum; porém, os tratamentos farmacológicos impõem grandes dúvidas tanto aos profissionais quanto às nutrizes sobre a segurança do uso destes durante este período. A amamentação é uma forma de vínculo entre mãe e bebê e está associada a diversos benefícios nutricionais, imunológicos, cognitivos, psicoafetivos, econômicos e sociais. A depressão é um problema clínico importante durante o período pós-parto, e a vulnerabilidade para o início ou recorrência de sintomas depressivos aumenta a possibilidade de uso de psicofármacos enquanto ocorre a lactação. Os antidepressivos inibidores seletivos da recaptação da serotonina são comumente prescritos para o tratamento destes quadros depressivos, entre eles fluoxetina, sertralina, citalopram e paroxetina, sendo que a maioria destes é excretada no leite materno e há grande variabilidade na quantidade de analitos que pode ser recebida pelo lactente. Bupropiona é um fármaco antidepressivo utilizado para o tratamento do tabagismo e quadros depressivos e tem sua excreção ao leite materno relatada em literatura. Métodos bioanalíticos para determinação da excreção de fármacos antidepressivos foram desenvolvidos e validados por cromatografia líquida acoplada a espectrômetro de massas e cromatografia líquida com detecção ultravioleta. Estes métodos demonstraram serem seletivos, lineares, precisos e exatos, com limites de quantificação de 5 ng/mL (fluoxetina, citalopram e bupropiona) e 20 ng/mL (sertralina e paroxetina) para método por LC-MS e de 200 ng/mL para todos os analitos no método por CLAE-UV. As amostras de leite materno foram coletadas em Banco de Leite de mães que declararam utilizar fluoxetina ou sertralina ou paroxetina e analisados. Os dados de concentração encontrados para os fármacos referidos estão dentro da faixa encontrada em literatura confirmando sua excreção no leite materno. Paroxetina apresentou valores abaixo do limite de quantificação. Das concentrações encontradas no leite materno, foram estimadas as doses absolutas e relativas no lactante, sendo que os resultados demonstraram baixos valores em relação a estas estimativas, podendo os fármacos analisados ser considerados seguros para manutenção do uso durante a lactação. Foi também detectada nas análises por LC-MS a presença de norfluoxetina, metabólito da fluoxetina, confirmando sua excreção nesta matriz. / The use of medications during lactation is a common practice; however pharmacological treatments impose serious doubts to both, professionals and nursing mothers, about the safety of drugs use during this period. Breastfeeding is a natural form of bonding between mother and baby and it is associated with many nutritional, immunological, cognitive, psychoemotional, social and economic benefits. Depression is a major clinical problem during the postpartum period and the vulnerability to onset or recurrence of depressive symptoms increases the possibility of psychotropic drug use during lactation. Selective inhibitors of serotonin reuptake are commonly prescribed for the treatment of depressive disorders, including fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram and paroxetine. Most of these drugs are excreted in breast milk and there is great variability in the amount of analytes that can be received by the infant. Bupropion is an antidepressant used for tabagism treatment and for depression symptoms; it is also described in literature its excretion into breast milk. Bioanalytical methods for determining the excretion of antidepressants were developed and validated by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. These methods proved to be selective, linear, precise and accurate with quantification limits of 5 ng/mL (fluoxetine, citalopram e bupropion) and 20 ng/mL (sertraline e paroxetine) for LC-MS method and 200 ng/mL for all analytes in the CLAE-UV method. Human milk samples were collected in milk banks from mothers to which the antidepressants fluoxetine or sertraline or paroxetine were administered, and the concentrations in this matrix were verified. Found concentrations were within the range described in the literature confirming their excretion in the breast milk. Paroxetine presented values less than limit of quantification. From the found concentrations, the absolute and relative doses in nursing were estimated. The results showed low values for these estimates and so the analyzed drugs can be considered safe to continue use during lactation. The presence of norfluoxetine, a metabolite of fluoxetine, was also detected by LC-MS, confirming its excretion in this matrix.
|
146 |
Cinomose Canina : detecção do RNA viral pela reação em cadeia pela polimerase (RT-PCR) em cães com diagnóstico clínico da doença. / Canine distemper vírus : detection of viral RNA by RT-PCR in dogs with clinical diagnosis.Alcalde, Rosana 08 December 1999 (has links)
O vírus da cinomose canina (VCC) é um patógeno viral, altamente, contagioso que pode causar doença sistémica letal, em cães e outros carnívoros em toda parte do mundo. Os cães afetados podem apresentar sintomas gastrentéricos, respitatórios e nervosos. As manifestações clínicas da doença inclue depressão, diarréia, vómito, desidratação, hiperqueratose dos coxins e focinho e espasmos musculares ou paresia de membros pélvicos, a qual pode persistir por longos períodos. Cães infectados, com sintomas clínicos de VCC, foram estudados para detecção do RNA viral pela técnica de PCR e Nested-PCR. Neste estudo, amplificou-se o gene da nucleoproteína (NP) em células mononucleares do sangue periférico (linfócitos), urina e saliva, de cães infectados com VCC, para detectar o genoma do mesmo, por RT-PCR, em diferentes amostras clínicas. A identificação do RNA viral foi concluída com sucesso, pelo método de RT-PCR, utilizando 2 pares de \"primers\" específicos do gene da nucleoproteína (NP). A técnica de RT-PCR, descrita neste etudo, pode ser um sistema de ensaio útil para determinar se cães suspeitos de infecção, por VCC, tenha níveis detectáveis de genes. Os resultados demonstram que a técnica de RT-PCR é exequível para o diagnóstico laboratorial de cinomose canina. / Canine distemper vírus (CDV) is a highly contagious Viral pathogen which may cause lethal systemic in dogs and other carnivores throughout the world. Affected dogs show gastrointestinal and respiratory clinical slgns, and frequently develop clinical signs in the central nervous system (CNS). Clinical manifestations of the disease include depression, progressive loss of weight, dehydration, hyperkeratosis of the foot pads and nose, nervous symptoms and muscular spasms or posterior paralysis which may perslst for long periods. Infected dogs with clinical symptoms for CDV, were by detection of viral RNA by Polymerase Chaln Reaction (PCR) and Nested PCR. In this study,w e determinebdy the RT-PCRth e presenceo f nucleoprotein (NP) gene in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, urine and saliva from dogs infected with CDV. The goals of this study was to detect CDV renome by RT-PCR in different clinical samples. In this study, Identificatlon of NP mRNA was successfully achieved by using the RT-PCR method with two sets of NP gene specific primers. The RT-PCR technique described in thls study, may provide a useful assay system to determine whether the dogs suspected of CDV infection have detectable leveis of CDV genes. The results demonstrate that RT-PCR technique is rapid, sensitivity and specificity for vírus diagnosis.
|
147 |
Biomarcadores no diagnóstico da doença renal em cães / Biomarkers in the diagnosis of renal disease in dogsSouza, Saura Nayane de 06 March 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-03-26T12:09:17Z
No. of bitstreams: 2
Tese - Saura Nayane de Souza - 2017.pdf: 4815483 bytes, checksum: a9d3c576d6699488befc8fdde284c795 (MD5)
license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-03-26T12:11:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2
Tese - Saura Nayane de Souza - 2017.pdf: 4815483 bytes, checksum: a9d3c576d6699488befc8fdde284c795 (MD5)
license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-26T12:11:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
Tese - Saura Nayane de Souza - 2017.pdf: 4815483 bytes, checksum: a9d3c576d6699488befc8fdde284c795 (MD5)
license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2017-03-06 / The goal of the study was to evaluate cystatin C and other biomarkers as diagnostic
tools in canine renal disease. The project was divided in two studies. In the first study
renal injury was induced in 6 animals by subcutaneous administration of gentamicin
(30mg/kg) for 10 days, and 6 animals were kept as controls. Animals were evaluated
for 45 days by the following clinical and laboratorial parameters: physical
examination; hemogram and fibrinogen levels; measurement of creatinine, urea,
total proteins, albumin, phosphorus, calcium, sodium, potassium, cholesterol levels
(biochemical analysis); serum protein electrophoresis; urine sodium, potassium,
gamma glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase levels; urinalysis; urine
protein / creatinine ratio; hemogasometry and non-invasive systemic arterial
pressure. The second study evaluated the level of cystatin C in 58 dogs suffering from
different stages (2-4) of chronical renal disease, as defined by International Renal
Interest Society (IRIS) guidelines. Six animals presenting acute renal injury induced bygentamicin treatment were also evaluated (for 20 time points upon injury). The
results indicated that changes in urine gamma glutamyl transferase and fractional
excretion of sodium and potassium were the earliest parameters indicating acute
renal injury, even when compared to most common renal disease biomarkers: urea
and creatinine. Cystatin C measurement, on the other hand, showed little value for
early detection of chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury in dogs. / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a aplicação dos biomarcadores, em especial da
cistatina C, no diagnóstico da doença renal em cães e compreendeu duas etapas.
Uma fase constou da avaliação de 12 cães, sendo seis pertencentes ao grupo
controle e seis cães pertencentes ao grupo experimental que foram submetidos a
um protocolo de indução de injúria renal com 30 mg/kg ao dia de gentamicina, via
subcutânea, durante 10 dias. Os cães foram avaliados durante 45 dias por meio de:
exame clínico; hemograma e fibrinogênio; bioquímica sérica (ureia, creatinina,
proteínas totais, albumina, fósforo, cálcio, sódio, potássio, colesterol e eletroforese
das proteínas séricas); bioquímica urinária (sódio, potássio, gama glutamil
transferase e fosfatase alcalina); urinálise; determinação da razão
proteína/creatinina urinária; hemogasometria e pressão arterial sistólica não-
invasiva. A outra fase constou da mensuração da cistatina C sérica em 58 cães com
doença renal crônica divididos nos estádios 2, 3 e 4 da IRIS (International Renal
Interest Society) e em seis cães com injúria renal aguda induzida por gentamicina,
avaliados durante 20 momentos após o início da injúria. Os resultados
demonstraram que a enzima gama glutamil transferase urinária e a excreção
fracionada de sódio e potássio foram mais precoces em detectar a injúria renal aguda
em cães do que outros marcadores mais utilizados na rotina clínica como a creatinina
e a ureia. A cistatina C sérica não foi eficiente em detectar de forma precoce a doença
renal crônica em cães nos estádios iniciais e a injúria renal aguda, possuindo uma
baixa aplicabilidade neste estudo.
|
148 |
Excreção de sódio e taxa de filtração glomerular em afrodescendentes de Alcântara-MA / Sodium excretion and glomerular filtration rate in Afro-descendants of Alcântara-MASANTOS, Elisângela Milhomem dos 04 September 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-10-04T20:26:41Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
ElisangelaSantos.pdf: 3205873 bytes, checksum: 0ea1c3dc20ca9f96a31dac45e32d26af (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-04T20:26:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
ElisangelaSantos.pdf: 3205873 bytes, checksum: 0ea1c3dc20ca9f96a31dac45e32d26af (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2017-09-04 / Introduction: Excessive salt consumption has been observed in most countries over the last
years, ranging from nine to 12 grams per person per day, above the limit recommended by the
World Health Organization which is five grams at the most. Currently, high sodium intake has
been considered a major risk factor for development of diseases. The 24-hour urinary sodium
excretion is considered the gold standard method for evaluation of sodium consumption;
however, difficulties associated with accuracy of urine collections may interfere with the
results. Estimation of sodium intake by spot urine samples, at population level, has been
increasingly used as a suitable and inexpensive alternative. Methods: Cross-sectional study
with 1,211 African descendants from Alcântara, Maranhão. Demographic, lifestyle, clinical
and laboratory data were evaluated. The urinary excretion estimation of sodium and the
estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were obtained using the Kawasaki and the CKDEPI
equations, respectively. In order to identify variables related to sodium excretion, the
multivariate linear regression model was used and the variables with p value < 0.20 were
included in the analysis. A multivariate linear regression model was used to determine the
relationship between eGFR and sodium excretion. A significance level of 5% was used and
the data were analyzed using the STATA 14.0 software. Results: Most individuals were
women (52.8%) with a mean age of 37.5 ± 11.7 years. The prevalence of hypertension was
21.3%. The mean excretion of sodium was 204.6 ± 15.3 mmol/d and the eGFR was 111.8 ±
15.3 mL / min / 1.73 m². Hypertensive individuals showed higher sodium excretion (217.9 ±
90.1 mmol / d vs 199.2 ± 83.0 mmol \ d; p = 0.002). After the adjusted analysis, the waist
circumference (PR = 1.16), triglycerides (RP = 1.13), systolic blood pressure (RP = 1.19) and
eGFR (RP = 1.24) remained related with urinary sodium excretion. According to the
multivariate linear regression, the eGFR was correlated independently with sodium excretion
(β = 0.11, p <0.001), age (β = -0.67, p <0.001), female gender (β = -0.20, p <0.001) and BMI
(β=-0.09; p <0.001). Conclusion: Urinary excretion of sodium was high in spot urine sample.
Furthermore, association with waist circumference, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure and
eGFR was observed. The eGFR was negatively correlated with age, female gender and body
mass index. Conversely, there was a positive correlation between eGFR and urinary sodium
excretion. / Introdução: Nos últimos anos, o consumo de sal tem sido excessivo na maioria dos países,
variando de nove a 12 gramas por pessoa por dia, ultrapassando o recomendado pela
Organização Mundial de Saúde que é de cinco gramas de sal, no máximo. Atualmente o
consumo elevado de sódio passou a ser considerado um dos principais fatores de risco para
desenvolvimento de doenças. A avaliação do consumo, por meio da excreção em urina de 24h
é considerada o método padrão ouro, entretanto, as dificuldades associadas com a acurácia da
coleta da urina podem interferir nos resultados, estimativa a partir da coleta de urina isolada, a
nível populacional, é cada vez mais utilizada como uma alternativa conveniente e acessível.
Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com 1211 afrodescendentes de Alcântra-Ma. Foram
avaliados dados demográficos, de estilo de vida e clínico laboratoriais. A estimativa da
excreção urinária de sódio foi avaliada por meio da equação de Kawasaki e a taxa de filtração
glomerular estimada (TFGe) pela equação do CKD-EPI. Para identificar as variáveis
relacionadas com a excreção de sódio foi utilizado o modelo de regressão linear multivariado
e as variáveis com p-valor<0,20 foram consideradas na análise. Para determinar a relação
entre TFGe e excreção de sódio foi utilizado um modelo de regressão linear multivariada. O
nível de significância adotado para a análise foi de 5% e os dados foram analisados no
software STATA 14.0. Resultados: A maioria dos indivíduos eram mulheres (52,8%), com
média de idade de 37,5±11,7 anos. A prevalência de hipertensão foi de 21,3% e a média de
excreção de sódio foi de 204,6±15,3 mmol/d e da TFGe de 111,8±15,3 ml/min/1,73m².
Indivíduoas hipertensos apresentaram maior excreção de sódio (217.9±90,1mmol/d vs
199,2±83,0 mmol\dia; p=0,002). Após análise ajustada, a circunferência da cintura
(RP=1,16), triglicerídeos (RP=1,13), pressão arterial sistólica (RP=1,19) e TFGe (RP=1,24)
permaneceram associadas à excreção urinária de sódio. De acordo com a regressão linear
multivariada, a TFGe se correlacionou independentemente com a excreção de sódio (β = 0,11;
p <0,001), idade (β = -0,67; p <0,001), sexo feminino (β = -0,20; p <0,001) e IMC (β = -0,09;
p <0,001). Conclusão: A excreção urinária de sódio, avaliada em amostra isolada de urina, foi
elevada e aspresentou associação com a circunferência da cintura, triglicerídeos, pressão
arterial sistólica e TFGe. A TFGe foi correlacionada negativamente com idade, sexo feminino
e índice de massa corporal, e positivamente com a excreção urinária de sódio.
|
149 |
Cinomose Canina : detecção do RNA viral pela reação em cadeia pela polimerase (RT-PCR) em cães com diagnóstico clínico da doença. / Canine distemper vírus : detection of viral RNA by RT-PCR in dogs with clinical diagnosis.Rosana Alcalde 08 December 1999 (has links)
O vírus da cinomose canina (VCC) é um patógeno viral, altamente, contagioso que pode causar doença sistémica letal, em cães e outros carnívoros em toda parte do mundo. Os cães afetados podem apresentar sintomas gastrentéricos, respitatórios e nervosos. As manifestações clínicas da doença inclue depressão, diarréia, vómito, desidratação, hiperqueratose dos coxins e focinho e espasmos musculares ou paresia de membros pélvicos, a qual pode persistir por longos períodos. Cães infectados, com sintomas clínicos de VCC, foram estudados para detecção do RNA viral pela técnica de PCR e Nested-PCR. Neste estudo, amplificou-se o gene da nucleoproteína (NP) em células mononucleares do sangue periférico (linfócitos), urina e saliva, de cães infectados com VCC, para detectar o genoma do mesmo, por RT-PCR, em diferentes amostras clínicas. A identificação do RNA viral foi concluída com sucesso, pelo método de RT-PCR, utilizando 2 pares de \"primers\" específicos do gene da nucleoproteína (NP). A técnica de RT-PCR, descrita neste etudo, pode ser um sistema de ensaio útil para determinar se cães suspeitos de infecção, por VCC, tenha níveis detectáveis de genes. Os resultados demonstram que a técnica de RT-PCR é exequível para o diagnóstico laboratorial de cinomose canina. / Canine distemper vírus (CDV) is a highly contagious Viral pathogen which may cause lethal systemic in dogs and other carnivores throughout the world. Affected dogs show gastrointestinal and respiratory clinical slgns, and frequently develop clinical signs in the central nervous system (CNS). Clinical manifestations of the disease include depression, progressive loss of weight, dehydration, hyperkeratosis of the foot pads and nose, nervous symptoms and muscular spasms or posterior paralysis which may perslst for long periods. Infected dogs with clinical symptoms for CDV, were by detection of viral RNA by Polymerase Chaln Reaction (PCR) and Nested PCR. In this study,w e determinebdy the RT-PCRth e presenceo f nucleoprotein (NP) gene in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, urine and saliva from dogs infected with CDV. The goals of this study was to detect CDV renome by RT-PCR in different clinical samples. In this study, Identificatlon of NP mRNA was successfully achieved by using the RT-PCR method with two sets of NP gene specific primers. The RT-PCR technique described in thls study, may provide a useful assay system to determine whether the dogs suspected of CDV infection have detectable leveis of CDV genes. The results demonstrate that RT-PCR technique is rapid, sensitivity and specificity for vírus diagnosis.
|
150 |
Prieširdžių virpėjimo po miokardo revaskuliarizacijos operacijų sąsaja su elektrolitų koncentracija serume bei ekskrecija su šlapimu / Relation of postoperative atrial fibrillation to serum electrolyte concentration and urinary electrolyte excretion after myocardial revascularizationŠvagždienė, Milda 19 December 2006 (has links)
Postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) remains unresolved problem. Some authors noticed that there were changes in electrolyte balance after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery with CPB. The changes in serum magnesium level and their relation with the rate of postoperative AF are usually analyzed in scientific publications. The aim of the study has been to estimate the relationship between the rate of postoperative AF and the changes in serum electrolyte concentration and their urinary excretion after CABG surgery with CPB. The goals: 1) To estimate the rate and the character of postoperative AF and its influence on haemodynamics after CABG surgery. 2) To estimate changes in serum K+, Na+, Mg++, Ca++, Cl–, P– concentration and compare them between the patients who received, and who did not receive magnesium sulphate supplementation during the surgery. 3)To estimate changes of urinary excretion of K+, Na+, Mg++, Ca++, Cl–, P– and compare them between the patients who received, and who did not receive magnesium sulphate supplementation during the surgery. 3) To evaluate the effects of intraoperatively infused magnesium sulphate on the rate of postoperative AF in the early postoperative period.
In our study the rate of postoperative AF was 27.4 %. AF in 91.3 % of cases was tachyarrhythmic, but haemodynamic remained stabile. Serum Mg++ level was > 1.05 mmol/l during the suregry in all patients. The infusion of... [to full text]
|
Page generated in 0.0651 seconds