En partant d’une ouverture pluridisciplinaire et privilégiant la relation des études historiques et littéraires, l’ensemble de ce travail se présente en trois parties correspondant à des approches différentes du sujet, centré sur le discours dissident de l’écrivain José Bergamín pendant la Transition. La première partie propose une approche du sujet à partir des problématiques liées à la mémoire dans l'Espagne actuelle et des relectures récentes de la Transition, contexte dans lequel la voix dissidente de Bergamín acquiert une nouvelle signification qui met en cause la marginalisation qui caractérise toujours cette importante personnalité de l'intellectualité espagnole du XXe siècle. La deuxième partie propose une présentation et une caractérisation thématique de la principale source consultée : sa collaboration journalistique avec la revue Sábado Gráfico, qui lui a permis d'exprimer librement son opinion jusqu'au moment où la censure l’a contraint à arrêter. La troisième partie présente une lecture politique et chronologique du discours de Bergamín, comme une manifestation de la dissidence dans l’Espagne de la Transition, fondée sur le refus de la monarchie et la revendication de la république comme alternative. Cette recherche confirme la validité de l'hypothèse principale, qui part de la considération de Bergamín comme porte-parole d’une « España peregrina », grâce à une foi républicaine appuyée sur la mémoire et l'expérience historique et confrontée à l’esprit de réconciliation et concorde de la Transition qui donne son sens à la Monarchie parlementaire actuelle, questionnant toujours sa légitimité d'origine. / Based on a multidisciplinary approach and favoring the relation between historic and literary studies, this work is presented in three sections, each addressing the main topic: the dissident discourse of the writer José Bergamín in the Spanish Transition, from different angles. The first section approaches the subject based on issues related to the Historical Memory Movement in Spain along with a new understanding of the Spanish Transition to democracy. Against this background, Bergamín’s dissident voice takes on a whole new meaning that calls into question the marginalization of this outstanding 20th century Spanish intellectual. The second part presents a thematic analysis of Bergamín’s journalistic articles for Sábado Gráfico, the main source of reference for this research. Through this magazine Bergamín was able to freely express his opinions until censorship brought about his dismissal. The third part offers a political and chronological account of Bergamín’s discourse throughout the previously mentioned articles and portrays a testimony of dissent with the Spanish Transition, based on his opposition to monarchy and his struggle for the republic as an alternative. This research confirms the validity of the key hypothesis raised, namely that Bergamín was the spokesman of the «España peregrina», firmly rooted in a republican faith nurtured by historical memory and experience, opposed to the spirit of reconciliation and accord that guided the Transition and endorsed the present parliamentary monarchy, the original legitimacy of which he never stopped questioning. / Partiendo de una apertura multidisciplinar y privilegiando la relación de los estudios históricos y literarios, se presenta el conjunto de este trabajo en tres partes que corresponden a acercamientos diferentes del tema, centrado en el discurso disidente del escritor José Bergamín en la Transición. La primera parte plantea un acercamiento al tema a partir de cuestiones relacionadas con el movimiento por la memoria en la España actual y con las relecturas de la Transición que se vienen haciendo, contexto en el que la voz disidente de Bergamín adquiere un nuevo significado que cuestiona la marginación que sigue caracterizando a esta destacada figura de la intelectualidad española del siglo XX. La segunda parte ofrece una presentación y una caracterización temática de la fuente principal consultada, que corresponde a la colaboración periodística que mantuvo con la revista Sábado Gráfico, gracias a la cual pudo expresar libremente su opinión, hasta que los problemas con la censura causaron su cese. La tercera y última parte ofrece una lectura política y cronológica del discurso ofrecido por Bergamín en dichos artículos, como una manifestación de la disidencia en la España de la Transición, basada en el rechazo de la monarquía y en la reivindicación de la república como alternativa. Esta investigación confirma la validez de la hipótesis principal planteada, según la cual Bergamín desempeñó el rol de portavoz de una «España peregrina», en base a una fe republicana alimentada por la memoria y la experiencia histórica, confrontada al espíritu de reconciliación y concordia que guió la Transición y que da sentido a la Monarquía parlamentaria vigente, cuya legitimidad de origen no dejó de cuestionar.

Esta tese aborda o exílio e a memória em quatro obras da literatura hispano-americana: Andamios (1997) e Geografías (2000), do uruguaio Mario Benedetti; En cualquier lugar (1984) e Conversación al sur (1981), da argentina Marta Traba. Procurou-se investigar a narrativa dos rastros nessas obras baseadas na memória, na tentativa de impedir o apagamento dos vestígios por parte dos regimes autoritários do Uruguai e da Argentina. Fronteiras da memória, o exílio de cada um: a narrativa dos rastros em Mario Benedetti e Marta Traba se configura como um estudo comparatista, de caráter interdisciplinar, no qual se levam em conta os referenciais teóricos sobre o exílio, a memória, a História e os Estudos Culturais. Presume-se que Benedetti se vale do exílio e dos vestígios da memória para, a partir do passado, construir o futuro. Contudo, as obras de Traba, apesar de também ambientar suas narrativas no exílio, não expressam uma progressão do vivido. Nesse caso, o exílio e o passado permanecem circunscritos a uma memória fraturada, entendida como rastros. Objetiva-se flagrar os rastros de uma memória involuntária nas personagens dos dois autores. O exílio age como o desencadeador da memória involuntária, composta por imagens de um tempo passado cujas lembranças são idealizadas pela perspectiva do distanciamento. Busca-se investigar o limite da relação entre literatura, memória e história nas narrativas analisadas. A hipótese é a de que a literatura expõe o não dito de um período ditatorial, o qual se revela ao longo das obras. / This dissertation approaches the themes of exile and memory in four Hispanic-American novels: Andamios (1997) and Geografías (2000), by the Uruguayan author Mario Benedetti; En cualquier lugar (1984) and Conversación al sur (1981), by the Argentinian Marta Traba. We aimed at investigating the narratives of trails found in these novels based on memory as an attempt to hinder the vanishing of the traces by the authoritarian political regimes in Uruguay and Argentina. Fronteiras da memória, o exílio de cada um: a narrativa dos rastros em Mario Benedetti e Marta Traba is set as a comparative study of interdisciplinary feature in which we take into account the theoretical assumptions about exile, memory, the History and the Cultural Studies. It is assumed that Benedetti takes exile and the traces of memory to build the future from the past. However, the works by Traba, although she also sets her narratives in the exile, do not express a progression of what was lived. In this case, exile and the past remain circumscribed to a fractured memory, understood as trails. We aim at identifying the trails of an involuntary memory in the characters in the works of both authors. Exile acts as a trigger to involuntary memory, compound by images of a passed time whose remembrances are idealized by the perspective of the detachment. The boundary in the relationship involving literature, memory and history in the narratives analysed in also a goal. The hypothesis is that literature exposes what was not said in a dictatorship period of time, which becomes evident along the narratives. / Andamios (1997) y Geografías (2000) del uruguayo Mario Benedetti; En cualquier lugar (1984) y Conversación al sur (1981) de la argentina Marta Traba. Se busca investigar la narrativa de los rastros en esas obras basadas en la memoria en el intento de impedir la supresión de los vestigios por parte de los regímenes autoritarios del Uruguay y de la Argentina. Así, Fronteiras da memoria, o exílio de cada um: a narrativa dos rastros em Mario Benedetti e Marta Traba se configura como un estudio comparatista, de carácter interdisciplinario, en el cual se llevan en cuenta los referenciales teóricos sobre el exilio, la memoria, la Historia y los Estudios Culturales. Se supone que Benedetti se vale del exilio y de los vestigios de la memoria, para, a partir del pasado, construir el futuro. Sin embargo, las obras de Traba, a pesar de ubicarlas en el exilio, no expresan una progresión de lo vivido. En ese caso, el exilio y el pasado permanecen circunscritos a una memoria fracturada entendida como rastros. En el ámbito de las narrativas, se busca flagrar los rastros de una memoria involuntaria en los personajes de los dos autores. El exilio actúa como el que desencadena la memoria involuntaria, compuesta por imágenes de un tiempo pasado cuyos recuerdos son idealizados por la perspectiva del alejamiento. Se intenta investigar el límite de la relación entre literatura, memoria e historia en las narrativas analizadas. La hipótesis es que la literatura expone el no dicho de un período dictatorial el cual se revela a lo largo de las obras.

A Argentina das décadas de 1960 e 1970 foi palco de intensa movimentação social e política, em meio a uma profunda crise estrutural e que já impulsionava cidadãos a emigrar. Frente à crescente insatisfação popular e os movimentos contestatórios, os militares desencadearam uma política repressiva inspirada nas Doutrinas de Segurança Nacional. O golpe de 1976 implantou o Terror de Estado plasmando um clima de medo e insegurança onde o conjunto da população tornava-se potencialmente “subversiva”. O caráter totalizante da repressão disparou uma corrente migratória específica, o exílio político. Contudo, desde 1980, aos efeitos da perseguição política se justapuseram as consequências econômicas e sociais da implantação do modelo econômico neoliberal da ditadura, aumentando o fluxo migratório. Assim, este trabalho focaliza a presença dos argentinos e a conformação de uma comunidade argentina no Rio Grande do Sul, de 1966 a 1989. Tal fenômeno migratório é abordado desde uma perspectiva histórica, contudo sua complexidade e caráter plural exigiu também um olhar multidisciplinar. Para mapear a dinâmica e a abragência destes fluxos de migração, a pesquisa abarcou o coletivo da comunidade argentina, mas procurou evidenciar e enfatizar, dentro desta, a existência de grupos e indivíduos com características diferenciadas e específicas. A partir da análise das fontes documentais foi reconstruída historicamente a presença e as atividades desses argentinos, assim como a complexa relação entre si e com a sociedade de acolhida. No trabalho destaca-se ainda a polifonia das fontes orais e sua riqueza narrativa, em que a rememoração das vivências, experiências e percepções dos atores sociais permitem tanto delinear e/ou diferenciar as identidades subjetivas dos atores, quanto à (re)construção da memória social e histórica desse coletivo étnico-nacional no sul do Brasil. / The Argentina of the 1960s and 1970s was a scenario of intense social and political movement, in the midst of a deep structural crisis and that it drove citizens to emigrate. Because of the growing popular discontent and anti-establishment movements, the military launched a repressive policy inspired by the Doctrine of National Security. The coup of 1976 established the state terror forging a climate of fear and insecurity where the whole population became potentially "subversive." The character of totalitarian repression triggered a specific migratory flux: the political exile. However, since 1980, the effects of political persecution are juxtaposed with economic and social consequences of the implementation of dictatorship´s neoliberal economic model, also increasing the flow of migration. Thus, this paper focuses on the presence of the Argentine and the formation of an Argentine community in Rio Grande do Sul, from 1966 to 1989. This migration phenomenon is approached from a historical perspective, yet its complexity and plural character also required a multidisciplinary look. To map the dynamics and the spread of these migration flows, the research encompassed the collective community of Argentina, but sought to highlight and emphasize, within this, the existence of groups and individuals with different and specific characteristics. From the analysis of documentary sources we historically reconstructed the presence and activities of these Argentines as well as the complex relationship between themselves and the host society. At work still stands out the polyphony of oral sources and their wealth narrative, in which the recollection of experiences, and perceptions of social actors allow both design and/or differentiate the subjective identities of the actors, as well as to the (re)construction of social and historical memory of this ethno-national collective of southern Brazil.

This dissertation seeks to capture immigrant experiences reflected by Iranian authors living in the USA. The main objective of this literary-historical work is to explore the literary devices used by chosen authors to capture immigrants' memories in selected works of prose. The central theme is the issue of identity, particularly the authors' attitude towards Iran and the USA, and the reflection of individual and collective immigrant identity in the works. Another aim is to show whether the tendency to preserve the Iranian, American or Iranian-American identity prevails. Other tasks also include an identification of bilingual specifics in selected works and consideration of its impact on comprehensiveness of the text. To achieve the purpose of this dissertation, mostly autobiographical or semi-autobiographical literary works were selected, analyzed and interpreted. Relations in the Iranian Diaspora and interaction of Iranian characters with Americans were also scrutinized. Literary and linguistic analysis of selected works from Taqi Modarressi indicates that a mother tongue used by bilingual author can be an important device to confirm and reinforce the collective and individual identity in the Diaspora. Analysis of autobiographical, semi-autobiographical and some works of fiction revealed, that...

Univerzita Karlova v Praze - Filozofická fakulta - Ústav germánských studií - germánské literatury Dissertation: Utopia, or Paradise Lost? The Texts of Danish Immigrants in Argentina and Latin American Immigrants in Denmark and Their Images of Denmark Daniela Vrbová 2015 Abstract The thesis explores the texts of Danish immigrants in Argentina in the period ca 1844-1990 and Latin American immigrants in Denmark in the period ca 1973-1990 and it follows particularly the conditions and the purposes of their creation. The texts are considered as representations of migration and exile literature in the body of Danish literature. Both groups of authors were producing the texts independently of one another. However, one can identify a joint effort to create or retain an active relationship to Denmark in all texts. This effort has an existential dimension, too, as one can view it as an act of (re)formulation of their personal identity in exile. The thesis then analyses the texts with a help of postcolonial reading in order to find images of Denmark that are being established in the text. Terms adopted from postcolonial studies (and partially also from New Historicism) about migration and migration literature are explained in a separate chapter. The hypothesis of this dissertation is a possible identification of...

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A escolha de contrapor neste estudo os autores Dany Laferrière e Vladimir Nabokov a partir do exílio e da memória, respectivamente em Pays sans chapeau, romance de 1997, e Speak, memory, autobiografia que data de 1947, é feita com o intuito de contribuir para as discussões em Literatura Comparada e participar das novas tendências nos estudos canadenses, levantando, diante das respectivas obras destes autores, questões de tradução entre seus velhos e novos mundos, fronteiras, línguas e a narração sobre eles. Contrapor escritos de autores tão diferentes em suas especificidades, mas que se encontram por conta de uma perspectiva dos estudos culturais, parece-me fazer parte deste processo de quebrar hegemonias e relativizar as hierarquias, conforme seguimos os efeitos das narrativas destes autores, quando o país sonhado força sua presença: à medida em que eliminam-se distâncias e remarcam-se fronteiras, no ato de ler e narrar a realidade. O presente estudo consistiu de um romance e um ensaio, assim como um Prelúdio, apresentado em forma entre a teoria e a ficção / Focusing on memory and exile within Dany Laferièrres novel Pays sans chapeau (1997) and Vladimir Nabokovs autobiography Speak, memory (1947), the aim of this study is to observe the relation of each of these authors with his respective old and new worlds, borders, languages and the narration of them, contributing to the discussion within Comparative Literature and to the new trends in the Canadian studies. Through the concepts of carnivalization and of the act of reading, we follow the rupture of hierarchies in the narratives, to see how memory reinvents reality in new, simple effects. Between fiction and authobiography, between text and reader, the strength of renewed images. The dream country forces its presence, as far as distances are eliminated in the act of reading and narrating reality. The present study consists of a novel and an essay, and a part in-between called Prelude, a form crossing from theory into fiction

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Gilberto Maringoni de Oliveira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Humanas e Sociais, 2017. / O presente trabalho visa como objetivo geral analisar representações sobre os anos 1970 em um dos filmes mais destacados da safra da filmografia brasileira dos anos 2000: O ano em que meus pais saíram de férias, do diretor Cao Hamburger (2006). A análise é feita a partir da figura alegórica do goleiro, da presença marcante da comunidade judaica de São Paulo e da dicotomia presençaausência. Tudo o qual se enquadra na discussão sobre cinema e história, levando em consideração as tensões que decorrem das leituras do passado recente, feitas em tempo presente. / The present work aims at analyzing representations about the 1970s, from the allegorical figure of the goalkeeper used by the director of the film to build his narrative. That is the remarkable presence of the Jewish community of São Paulo and the presence-absence dichotomy. It is done in one of the most outstanding films of the Brazilian filmmaking crop of the 2000s: O ano que meus pais saíram de férias (The year my parents went on vacation), by director Cao Hamburger (2006). The analysis fits into a discussion of cinema and history, taking into account the tensions that arise from the readings of the recent past, made in the present time.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-03-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:27:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 baialuna_ph_me_arafcl.pdf: 347318 bytes, checksum: ef4b10d42c3b3093a6bb4af587c30914 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente estudo se propõe a investigar, dentre as manifestações poéticas de um determinado período da literatura portuguesa, o motivo do exílio. O momento literário a que nos restringimos é o que compreende as escolas simbolistadecadentista e a geração de Orpheu, também conhecida como primeira geração modernista. Como representantes dos dois principais movimentos abrangidos pela transição entre os séculos XIX e XX, escolhemos dois dos poetas de maior projeção para uma leitura um pouco mais cuidadosa dos textos poéticos. Tanto em Camilo Pessanha (representante do Simbolismo) como em Sá-Carneiro (uma das figuras centrais da geração de Orpheu), analisamos de que formas o eu-poético manifesta o sentimento de não pertencer ao mundo, de haver perdido algo, algum momento, ou a si mesmo, enfim: a sensação de estar ele, o Poeta, tal qual exilado em seu próprio viver. / The objective of the present study is to investigate the occurrences of exile as poetic motive, among the poetry production in a certain period of Portuguese literature. The literary scenery we focus on is the one in which Simbolism-Decadence and the poets of Orpheu (also considered as the first modernist generation in Portugal) are inserted. Representing these two main movements of the period of transition between the 19th and the 20th century, two poets were chosen for a closer analysis of poems. In Camilo Pessanha (representing the Simbolism) and in Mário de Sá-Carneiro (one of the central characters of the Orpheu generation), we search to analyze in which manners the Poet manifests the feeling of not belonging to this world, of having lost something, some time, or even himself, the feeling of being a castaway inside his own living.

Cette thèse analyse le rôle ambivalent de l'exil politique cubain dans le processus de séparation de Cuba et l'Espagne au XIXe siècle, à l'époque où se définit un mouvement anticolonial dans l'île. S'il est indéniable que le héros national cubain, José Marti, a passé plus de temps en exil qu'à l'intérieur de Cuba, ce travail s'écarte de l'idée d'une « fabrique de la nation» hors-sol que l'omniprésence de cette figure a pu suggérer. Des années 1830 à la fin de la guerre des Dix Ans, quitter Cuba n'est pas toujours synonyme d'aspirations indépendantistes. Loin de prétendre au portrait de groupe exhaustif, cette étude insiste sur la grande diversité d'un personnel unifié par l'histoire-patrie insulaire, et sur les dissonances que l'exil introduit dans le récit patriotique cubain. Cette analyse sociopolitique d'un personnel à première vue secondaire pour le récit national cubain aborde trois points principaux. Premièrement, l'étude de l'exil pousse à repenser les jalons chronologiques du nationalisme cubain, et ceux: de la relation impériale entre île et péninsule. Cet objet transversal fait émerger une nouvelle temporalité du lien colonial. Plutôt que de considérer Cuba comme « attendant sa libération » dès le temps des indépendances ibéro-américaines, un « temps du compromis » se dessine, qui dure pendant tout le long XIXe siècle cubain et hispano-cubain. Deuxièmement, la nouvelle géographie impériale dessinée par la carte de l'exil séparatiste pendant la période étudiée donne à voir de nouveaux problèmes politiques pour un empire espagnol amputé de ses anciennes possessions américaines et cherchant à se renouveler. Enfin, s'il est certain qu'il a existé une synergie indépendantiste dans les années 1870 chez les créoles cubains séparatistes de l'intérieur et de l'extérieur, cette thèse montre que ceux qui s'autodéfinissent comme « exilés cubains » compliquent par leur grande diversité les aspirations nationales définies par la République en Armes de Guaimaro en avril 1869. / This dissertation analyses the ambivalent role of political exile from Cuba at the moment of its separation from Spain in the 19thcentury, a period during which the anticolonial movement on and off the island solidified. Although Jose Marti, the Cuban national hero who spent most of his time outside of Cuba in exile, is ubiquitous in the narrative of Cuban independence, I argue that the figure of exil.es is far from simple. This work contends that from the 1830s to the end of the War of Ten Years, leaving Cuba was not necessarily indicative of supporting independence. It tracks these exiles in ail their diversity, and traces the kinds of dissonance that exile might introduce into the patriotic Cuban narrative. Using Cuba as a case study, this thesis maps a new field of knowledge of the Euro-American XIXth century, often defined as the "century of exiles". I approach this analysis of a group, considered secondary until now, through a sociopolitical lens, and make three main contributions. First, a study of political exile challenges the usual chronology of Cuban nationalism, as well as the relationship between the island and the peninsula relationship's timeline. Second, the framework of exile points to a new imperial geography. Separatism abroad reveals the Spanish empire's navel political challenges once a significant part of it had been lost. The number of exiles and banishments it imposed was not a sign of decline, as is most often interpreted. Rather it shows how the empire was seeking renewal, trying to reinvent itself starting in the late 1830s. The empire used exiles to design new colonial policies at home and abroad, and made use of diplomacy to keep a close eye on separatists in exile. While the historiography of this period claims that there was a uniformity of political vision among Cuban creoles, this work claims that those who called themselves "Cuban exiles" were too politically diverse to be considered mere supporters of a monolithic independence.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A escolha de contrapor neste estudo os autores Dany Laferrière e Vladimir Nabokov a partir do exílio e da memória, respectivamente em Pays sans chapeau, romance de 1997, e Speak, memory, autobiografia que data de 1947, é feita com o intuito de contribuir para as discussões em Literatura Comparada e participar das novas tendências nos estudos canadenses, levantando, diante das respectivas obras destes autores, questões de tradução entre seus velhos e novos mundos, fronteiras, línguas e a narração sobre eles. Contrapor escritos de autores tão diferentes em suas especificidades, mas que se encontram por conta de uma perspectiva dos estudos culturais, parece-me fazer parte deste processo de quebrar hegemonias e relativizar as hierarquias, conforme seguimos os efeitos das narrativas destes autores, quando o país sonhado força sua presença: à medida em que eliminam-se distâncias e remarcam-se fronteiras, no ato de ler e narrar a realidade. O presente estudo consistiu de um romance e um ensaio, assim como um Prelúdio, apresentado em forma entre a teoria e a ficção / Focusing on memory and exile within Dany Laferièrres novel Pays sans chapeau (1997) and Vladimir Nabokovs autobiography Speak, memory (1947), the aim of this study is to observe the relation of each of these authors with his respective old and new worlds, borders, languages and the narration of them, contributing to the discussion within Comparative Literature and to the new trends in the Canadian studies. Through the concepts of carnivalization and of the act of reading, we follow the rupture of hierarchies in the narratives, to see how memory reinvents reality in new, simple effects. Between fiction and authobiography, between text and reader, the strength of renewed images. The dream country forces its presence, as far as distances are eliminated in the act of reading and narrating reality. The present study consists of a novel and an essay, and a part in-between called Prelude, a form crossing from theory into fiction