Thesis Czech folk scene and political persecution after 1977, deals with the events in Czechoslovakia folk music scene after the release of Charter 77. Thesis is focused on members of the folk group Šafrán (Saffron). Studied period of time is placed between 1977 and the first half of the 80s in Czechoslovakia. Thesis is divided into two parts. Introduction of the thesis and its first part is dedicated to the political and cultural situation of the 70s of the 20th century. The second part of the thesis describes the origin and development of folk music as an independent musical genre in Czechoslovakia. The main aim of the thesis is a partial depiction of life situation of folk singer-songwriters in the specified time period. Thesis is based on chosen musician's personal memories of political persecution, which was directed against their work as well. The final part of the thesis is dedicated to the development and course of the secret police Action Asanace (Redevelopment). The event had an impact not only on the personal lives of these artists, but also on the further development of folk music in the late 20th century in Czechoslovakia.

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This thesis examines the work of the contemporary exilic Iraqi author Ḥasan Blāsim within the framework of magical realism. At the same time it argues for a more formalistic and wider definition of magical realism, which also includes fiction without any supernatural elements. Magical realistic components found in the short story collection Majnūn sāḥat al-ḥurrīya (The Madman of Freedom Square) underline the most important themes in the stories. These are related to the catastrophes that afflicted Iraq and its people in the course of last thirty years. With its emphasis on the documentation of modern Iraqi history dominated by war and exile Blāsim's work belongs to the genre of documentary narrative. The goal of documentary narrative is to contribute to the collective memory of a nation. Despite Blāsim's focus on documenting, magical realism in his work cannot be considered as an attempt to create a parallel cultural world. The supernatural in his stories functions metaphorically and relates exclusively to the real world of war and violence, in which people under heavy circumstances turn into animals, cannibals, which is magical in itself. In addition, Blāsim's work is on a subordinate level discussed from the perspective of postcolonial theory. Postcolonial theory has undergone a complicated...

The most important 1920’s men’s choral composer, Erwin Lendvai, is used in this lecture as an example to demonstrate some compositional steps that were taken to save the genre. Contemporaries praised him as a bold innovator of men’s choir. His writing is highly professional and his experience as a conductor shows in every detail. Stylistically, his music is a mixture of chromatically altered extended tonality and polyphonic principles found in the kind of boyish and unmannerly Renaissance songs Lendvai was familiar with, due to his transcriptions in the style of the “Jugenmusikbewegung”. He connects two ultra-modern tendencies of the time, namely linear counterpoint (no longer exactly in the sense of Ernst Kurth) and a morbid post-wagnerianism, both en vogue and equally fascinating.

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This paper deals with the journalistic work and the single novel of Justin Steinfeld (1886 Kiel - 1970 Baldock), who fled in 1933 from Hamburg to Czechoslovakia. This work focuses on his articles, which he wrote during his Prague exile (1933-1939) for the German speaking magazine Die Wahrheit and on his only novel Ein Mann liest Zeitung (1984, 2020) which tells the story of an exile who, like Steinfeld fled from Hamburg to Prague from the Nazis. The first part of the thesis introduces Czechoslovakia as an exile country for refugees from Germany in the 1930s and cultural activities of the exiles are shortly commented on, especially in relation to leftist and anti-fascist circles. This is followed by a short portrait of Justin Steinfeld. The main part of this work consists of chapters about the work of Steinfeld. First, his articles for Die Wahrheit are analysed. The attempt is made to characterize his journalistic writing, to find and describe the thematic focuses of his articles. The next chapter is devoted to the novel Ein Mann liest Zeitung and describes how the subject of exile is presented in it. The concept of exile is understood in different ways - firstly as a (geographical and social) space, secondly as a social status and thirdly as a psychological status. Finally, the magazine articles...

This thesis analyzes Ying Chen's Les Lettres Chinoises through the lenses of literary translation, migrant writing and epistolary genres, as well as through critical theory of Chen's poetics in order to inform a translation of said novel from French into English. This theoretical groundwork is accompanied by analysis of the process of the translation, including specifications, methods used, and justifications for translation decisions. Les Lettres Chinoises is Ying Chen's second novel, written in French rather than her native Chinese language. Spanning a fifty-seven letter exchange between Shanghai and Montreal, Chen's choice to write in language other than her first, as well as the themes presented in the novel such as emigration, exile, identity, and Otherness, render Chen's novel ideal for critical discussion in the domain of migrant writing theory. Translating any exophonic text presents particular challenges for the translator and the analysis of these difficulties enrich both the translation as well as an understanding of the migrant writing genre. Inherent in these challenges is negotiating transparency (foreignization versus domestication) in the translation of cultural traces that speak of other traditions and realities. Chen's Les Lettres Chinoises is unique among migrant texts however, because she privileges voice through the use of the epistolary genre, a form that bespeaks a 19th century Western tradition. Her choice of this genre provides insight into the literary and cultural traditions that shaped her writing and encourage the reader as well as the translator to consider, or rather reconsider, the novel's intent. Les Lettres Chinoises contributes to the migrant and epistolary genres, redefining and enhancing each respectively. Chen's prerogatives as viewed through these lenses are varied: through her three letter-writing characters she reenacts literal and existential exile, creates a space of enunciation through letter writing, all while defining her own poetic style in another language. I negotiated these prerogatives in the translation by creating three subtly distinct and evolving voices for each of the characters. I used existing translations of Chen's works to create consistency in style and accuracy. Included as well are excerpts from my final translation.

Background: In Tibet, as well as in their exile community in India, there is a widespread issue of female oppression and gender inequality within healthcare. Few studies explore the progressive work of organizations fighting these issues, which can contribute to a retrogression of discrimination awareness.  Aim: The aim of the study was to describe healthcare workers' perspectives on how and to what extent the Tibetan Women’s Empowerment Policy can be used to create equal opportunities in healthcare.  Method: Ethnographic method consisting of semi-structured interviews and observations has been used for data collecting and qualitative content analysis has been used for data analysis. Result: There are four recurring perspectives amongst the participants: (1) The policy has contributed to a change of attitude regarding female empowerment, female leadership and feminism. (2) The policy has contributed to the development of adequate healthcare services for women. (3) Limitations of support from the community. (4) The policy is not impactful. Conclusion: There are indications which show that the Tibetan women’s empowerment policy can create equal opportunities within healthcare in terms of attitude changes and accessibility to adequate healthcare. However, there are also practical complications in regard to its theoretical outlines as well as limitations of support from the community. It is concluded that the policy is part of a female progression within the community, yet there are still improvements regarding sufficiency and awareness needed to be made.

The purpose of this study was to examine the dynamics between spirituality and development. The point of departure for the study took place in Rishikesh and Dharamsala, in India. Our main object was to examine the role of the Divine Life Society (DLS), in Rishikesh and the Tibetan government in exile, in Dharamsala, in terms of local development. To achieve a solid platform regarding the theoretical framework, relevant studies were made in Hinduism and Buddhism. The study shows that there is a connection between religion and development. Nevertheless, this connection is not unequivocal, hence, in comparison, the results shows differences between the two objects studied. The conclusion of this study is that although there is a connection between spirituality and local development, spirituality in itself doesn’t mean development.

Since Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, repressive legislative changes and tightened war-censorship prompted a new wave of media professionals leaving the Federation. This study explores how Russian journalists resettling in the Baltic states articulate their professional identity and view the Russian versus Baltic governments’ attitudes while adapting abroad. While recognizing the Russian oppositional sphere’s role in democracy promotion, this research draws insights from thirteen semi-structured interviews conducted in the fall of 2023 with exiled media professionals in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. The study employs Mark Deuze’s ideal typical values on professional ideology (public service, immediacy, autonomy, ethics, and objectivity) supplemented by Patric Raemy’s take on resilience theory, utilizing a hybrid inductive-deductive methodology with apriori themes of a) oppositionality and ideology, b) logistics and migration as well as c) adaptation and resilience. Findings showed that exiled journalists’ articulations of anti-war positions were intrinsically connected to their professional roles. There were also strong commitments to transparent information access. In parallel, editorials experienced either de- or reiterated hierarchization stemming from working in crisis. Key professional challenges included circumventing censorship, financial struggles, and losing access to domestic informants. Adaptive and maladaptive mechanisms ranged from being psychosocial to technical. Adaptation overall was reflected in strengthened corporate solidarity and in exiled media outlets’ joint moral-legal responsibilities for proxy-reporters / Sedan Rysslands fullskaliga invasion av Ukraina har repressiva lagändringar och skärpt krigscensur föranlett en ny våg av yrkesverksamma inom mediebranschen som lämnat federationen. Denna studie undersöker hur ryska journalister som flyttat till de baltiska länderna artikulerar sin professionella identitet och betraktar den ryska kontra de baltiska regeringarnas attityder, samtidigt som de anpassar sitt arbete utomlands. Med emfas på den ryska oppositionella sfärens demokratifrämjande roll, utgår denna forskning från semistrukturerade intervjuer med tretton exiljournalister i Estland, Lettland och Litauen utförda hösten 2023. Studien nyttjar Mark Deuze idealtypiska värden kopplade till journalisters professionella ideologi (public service, omedelbarhet, autonomi, etik och objektivitet) vilka kompletteras av Patric Raemys bidrag till resiliensteori. Uppsatsen använder sig av en induktiv-deduktiv tematisk hybridmetod med tre apriori-teman: a) oppositionalitet och ideologi, b) logistik och migration, liksom c) anpassning och resiliens. Resultaten visade att exiljournalisters artikulering av sin antikrigsställning var inneboende kopplad till deras professionella rolluppfattning. Det rådde även en stark pliktkänsla i att försäkra transparent tillgång till information. Parallellt upplevde exilredaktionerna antingen försvagade eller förstärkta internhierarkier till följd av sitt arbete i kris. Professionella nyckelutmaningar innefattade kringgående av censur, ekonomiska svårigheter och en förlorad tillgång till inhemska informanter och källor. Så kallade ’adaptiva’ och ’maladaptiva’ mekanismer hyste alltifrån en psykosocial till teknisk karaktär. Gruppens anpassning överlag speglades i en stärkt företagssolidaritet och i exilmediers gemensamma morala och juridiska ansvar för sina proxyreportrar.