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This thesis work has been conducted on the behalf of the Swedish Defense Material Administration, which by directive from the Swedish Armed Forces has procured two new submarines of type A26 for delivery in 2024. For certain operations A26 will need to be able to be dynamically positioned in water currents of various speeds. For this, it is estimated that there is a need for some type of thruster in the ship’s forebody. Such a solution has never previously been implemented on a Swedish submarine, and it is therefore necessary to conduct preliminary studies to calculate the resulting forces, powers and dimensions, as well as generate conceptual suggestions for the design of such a system. The main objective of the project is to generate one or more conceptual proposals for the Swedish Defense Material Administration. The eligibility of the proposals should be based on the acquired specified requirements.   An initial wide-ranging study has been performed to identify the types, sizes and installation solutions of already existing thrusters and their principle function. During the initial study, the materials, machine elements and components suitable for the given application were also examined.   In order to determine for which flow angles and speeds the system is able to position the submarine, simplified power and torque calculations have been made. These should be seen as a valid basis for general approximations regarding the positioning ability of the concepts although further development of the concepts requires more detailed calculations to be made.   During the concept generation, it was determined which type of thruster is best suited for the application. Subsequently, a number of simple, function-modeled suggestions were generated to evaluate possible ways of integrations. Two of these proposals were later selected for final detail modeling. The final choices of both thruster type and concepts have been based on listed set of advantages and disadvantages, which were then, evaluated using decision matrices.   The results of the calculations that have been carried out shows that it is possible to dynamically position the submarine using a thruster system. This is under the presumption of the rudders being able to contribute with transverse force generation. A thruster is also found to be able to position the submarine with transverse forces only, implying that the only argument for using a, in the horizontal plane, rotatable thruster is the “limp-home” function.   Two particularly detailed conceptual proposals have been modeled; one that strictly complies with the specified volume requirement and one which, with certain adaptation to the internal geometry of the ships forebody, goes beyond the volume restriction. Both concepts are considered to be principally and technically feasible, with reservations of some specific solutions. The definitive concepts are meant to serve as a basis for possible further development of the systems.   The designed models and the calculations underlying these are all of a generic nature. They are fully adequate as a basis for this project but should not be seen as representative of the A26 in its entirety.

Materiel acquisition for The Swedish Armed Forces (Försvarsmakten) is made by The Swedish Defence Materiel Administration (Försvarets materielverk) and is a rigorous and expensive process. The incentives to produce adequate material for the users are high, but how is the process of producing adequate material for the users best achieved? Theoutcome of these processes is to some extent judged by the satisfaction of the users. So wouldn't it be advantageous toinclude them in the process? By using theories of USCE (User centred systems engineering) and PD (Participatory Design) the purpose of this thesis is to examine future users expressed needs of technical sensors, for a high-speed artillery vessel with an integrated grenade launcher. The thesis also examines how theories and methods of USCEand PD can be applied to find out user needs in specific defined contexts. The study does so by using a series of scenarios presented in text and graphically. The interviewed users were asked to express their needs in relation to specific situations and threats in the scenario. The users’ expressed needs are later translated into a set of possible technical sensors for self-defence of the high-speed artillery vessel. The core idea of USCE is designing with the user in consideration. The core idea of PD is to design with the user, enabling for more valid information to be extractedand put into design. In this case it was done by presenting nine scenarios, where the respondents were asked what they wanted to know and what they wanted to do. In addition to answering questions, they were also encouragedto draw graphic information on the illustrations of the scenario material. This was done to enable transfer of additional knowledge and information from the respondents. The analysis suggests a combination of technical sensors that was found to correspond to the expressed user needs. It was also found that USCE and PD can be used to better identify user needs. However, the methods and activities for doing so can benefit from further studies. The presented combination of technical sensors for self-defence might reflect the expressed needs of users, it is however not necessarily the best solution for this high-speed artillery vessel. The best solution also needs to account for factors like budget and the role of the high-speed artillery vessel in a larger context. The presented sensor solution could be further validated if tested together with potential users. The result of this study might however contribute to more substantiated decisions for the final design of the artillery platform, as well as showing the importance of involving users and carefully chosen activities for doing so.

Idag pågår en omfattande omställning till förnyelsebara energikällor för att minska negativa effekter orsakade av växthusgaser. Sverige har som mål att vara fossilfritt 2045. Biojetbränsle, jetbränsle framställt från biomassa, är det enda rimliga förnyelsebara alternativet för flyget meddagens teknik. Sverige har goda tillgångar till potentiellt råmaterial för framställning av biojetbränsle från skogsbruket. Fem certifierade framställningsmetoder kartlades och analyserades genom litteraturstudier och intervjuer med experter inom såväl flyg som bränsle för att fastställa deras lämplighet för svensk biojetbränsleproduktion. Förutsättningar, möjligheter, utmaningar och drivkrafter kopplade till framställning av biojetbränsle identifierades. Framställningsmetoderna analyserades med hjälp aven Pugh-matris där framställningsmetoderna jämfördes mot varandra utifrån faktorer som bedömdes relevanta. Analysen indikerade att framställningsmetoderna Alcohol to Jet och Fischer-Tropsch var bäst lämpade för svenska förhållanden, mycket tack vare möjligheten att användaskogsråvara som råmaterial. Certifieringsprocesser och certifierade bränslen identifierades. Nya biojetbränslen måste genomgå en rigorös certifieringsprocess och uppfylla hårda krav för att kunna certifieras enligt standarden ASTM D7566. Certifieringsprocessen för biojetbränslen visade sig vara en internationellt gemensam process, som en koalition av motortillverkare, flygbolag, myndigheter med flera, beslutat skall vara standard för framtagandet av framtida biojetbränslen. Återstående arbete för att kvalificera försvarsmaktens flygplattformar för drift med biojetbränsle därav utreddes. Det konstaterades att tillverkarna av flygfarkoster och motorer avgör huruvida de är godkända för drift med biojetbränsle. Till följd av högre kostnader för framställning av jetbränsle från biomassa än från råolja är tydliga policys och långsiktiga styrmedel en grundläggande förutsättning för att framställning av biojetbränsle ska lyckas. Tillgång till tillräckliga mängder hållbart råmaterial samt effektiva försörjningskedjor är exempel på utmaningar. Möjligheterna för biojetbränsle visade sig exempelvis vara tillvaratagandet av skadad skog. / There is an ongoing, extensive move towards renewable energy sources in order to reduce negative effects caused by greenhouse gases. Sweden aims to be completely fossil free by 2045. Bio jet fuel, jet fuel produced from biomass, is the only plausible renewable alternative for aviation with today's technology. Sweden has a good supply of potential feedstock for production of bio jet fuel from its forest industry. Five certified production routes were charted and analysed through literature studies and interviews with experts from the aviation and fuel field. Prerequisites, opportunities, challenges and drivers associated with bio jet fuel production were identified. The production routes were analysed with the help of a Pugh-matrix, they were compared to each other by factors that were deemed relevant. The analysis indicated that the routes Alcohol to Jet and Fischer Tropsch were most suitable for Swedish conditions, in large part due to the possibility of using forest products as feedstock. Certification processes and certified bio jet fuel were identified. New bio jet fuels have go through arigouros certification process and meet high set standards in order to be certified by the standard ASTM D7566. The certification process for bio jet fuels turned out to be an internationally agreed upon process that a coalition of OEM (Original Equipment Manufactures), airlines, authorities etc. agreed upon to be the standard for certification of future bio jet fuel. Which steps are required to approve aircraft in Sweden's armed forces for use with bio jet fuel were investigated. It was found that it is up to the OEM to decide if an aircraft is approved to run on bio jet fuel. Due to higher costs associated with production of jet fuel from biomass than from crude oil, clear policies and long term legislation are fundamental for success. Access too sufficient sustainable feedstock and effective supply chains are example of challenges that need to be addressed. The possibility of using damaged forest that would otherwise go to waste is one opportunity with bio jet fuel production.

Att Försvarsmakten och våra soldater i alla händelser har ammunition till sina vapen kan tyckas vara en självklarhet. Men att skapa de mest optimala och kostnadseffektiva förutsättningarna för att trygga försörjningen av all denna ammunition är en utmaning. Addera därtill att försörjningslösningen ska fungera i både fred, kris och i krig. Den viktigaste slutsatsen är att Försvarsmakten saknar en adekvat försörjningstrygghet inom finkalibrig ammunitionsförsörjning. Den nuvarande försörjningslösningen har enligt författarna inte en sammansatt helhet, som bygger på en genomtänkt och riskanalyserad design, som kan säkerställa tillgången av ammunition i fred, kris och i krig. Författarna har valt att kvalitativt utreda om Försvarsmaktens nuvarande försörjningslösning för finkalibrig ammunition är robust och motståndskraftig. Med en induktiv ansats har författarna genomfört djupintervjuer med respondenter inom både Försvarsmakten, Försvarets materielverk och Försvarsberedningen. Resultaten analyseras därefter deduktivt mot en referensram bestående av forskning inom riskhantering i försörjningskedjan, single- och dubbelloopslärande och tvärfunktionellt arbetssätt. Resultatet av den empiriska analysen är genomgående samstämmigt och tydligt. Det finns övergripande strategier och verktyg för att skapa goda förutsättningar, men det finns ingen genomtänkt och riskanpassad design och helhetslösning för hur hela försörjningslösningen ska fungera i fred, kris och i krig. Författarna ger avslutningsvis ett antal rekommendationer till Försvarsmakten, vilka baseras på arbetets analys och slutsatser.

The Swedish Defence Materiel Administration, FMV’s, test site in Vidsel, Norrbotten, has access to the largest area for testing and evaluating military aircraft, missiles and unmanned vehicles over land in Europe. The facility has the capacity to create many different types of test enviroments, which are continously developed to meet the customers growing requirements where the main focus is using different types of aerial targets. This project is a thesis for a Master in Mechanical Engineering and Machine Design. The purpose of the project was to develop a new brake system for the aerial tow target, SM3C. The goal of the project was to come up with a concept with enough support to say what, why and how the new concept meets the desired requirements. With a structured and iterative product development process, based on Ulrich & Eppingers theories, the identified needs of the new brake system and data from the existing product resulted in a product specification with quantifiable metrics. From the development process and product specification, the project resulted in a detailed and designed concept that was more standardized, modular and less complex than the existing product with support from theoretical analysis, experiments and simulations of the brake system. / Försvarets Materialverk, FMVs, provplats i Vidsel, Norrbotten, har tillgång till Europas största provområde för test och evaluering av stridsflygplan, robotar och obemannade farkoster över land. Provplatsen kan presentera en mängd olika testmiljöer som kontinuerligt utvecklas för att möta kundernas växande krav där fokus ligger på olika typer av luftmål. Projektet innefattar ett examensarbete för en civilingenjörsutbildning i maskinteknik med syfte att utveckla ett nytt bromssystem till det luftburna släpmålet, SM3C. Målet med projektet var att tillsammans med en funktionsanalys av det befintliga bromsystemet komma fram till ett koncept med tillräckligt underlag som kunde påvisa vad, varför och hur konceptet uppfyller de önskade kraven. Med en strukturerad och iterativ produktutvecklingsprocess, baserad på Ulrich & Eppingers teorier, bearbetades behoven av ett nytt bromssystem tillsammans med analysen av den befintliga produkten vilket gav en kravspecifikation med kvantifierbar data. Utifrån kravspecifikationen och utvecklingsprocessen, resulterade projektet i ett detaljkonstruerat koncept som var mer standardiserat, modulärt och mindre komplext än befintligt system med stöd från utförda analyser, experiment och simuleringar.