This thesis aims entitled The State of devices for the reproduction of capital: the discourse of "fair trade" aimed to analyze the functionality of the "fair trade" in the capital accumulation process, from the reality of PRITAM company, located in Submédio São Franciscano, located in Casa Nova-BA. We start the following questions: the "fair trade" is an alternative to the capital or business relationship meets the logic of accumulation by dispossession? This form of production guarantees rural workers better conditions of life and work? A search of the preposition adopted the dialectical historical materialism which ensures that the analysis of reality is considered in its entirety, in an interdependent phenomena, and multideterminações. In this sense, theoretical readings reflective been developed on the exploitation of the labor force in the countryside, monopolization and territorial planning, state functionality to capital and "fair trade" in the capital of the globalization context. It was found that there is a wide spread of speeches claiming that the "fair trade" is an important means of addressing the socio-spatial inequalities, and that this form of business relationship will be a just society. That thought has gained strength in several groups (social movements, political parties, intellectuals, including geographers) and is part of the state policies. In all its particular forms of information or advertising, publicity or direct entertainment consumption, the spectacle is the present model of socially dominant life. It is the omnipresent affirmation of the choice already made in production and its corollary - the consumer. Thus, it was possible to identify the limits of "fair trade". In addressing the capital-labor struggle, the company uses the label to enter another market position, moving from a commodity market to a niche market that rather than work as a strategy to combat the exploitation of labor in the field , has served as a way to ensure the extraction of rent of land. / A presente dissertação de mestrado intitulada Os artifícios do Estado para a reprodução do capital: o discurso do “comércio justo” teve como objetivo analisar a funcionalidade do “comércio justo” no processo de acumulação do capital, a partir da realidade da empresa PRITAM, situada no Submédio São Franciscano, localizada no município de Casa Nova-BA. Partimos dos seguintes questionamentos: O “comércio justo” constitui uma relação comercial alternativa ao capital ou atende à lógica da acumulação por expropriação? Essa forma de produção garante aos trabalhadores do campo melhoria das condições de vida e trabalho? A preposição da pesquisa adotou o materialismo histórico dialético que garante que a análise da realidade seja considerada em sua totalidade, em uma interdependência de fenômenos, e de multideterminações. Nesse sentido, foram desenvolvidas leituras teóricas reflexivas sobre a exploração da força de trabalho no campo, a monopolização e a territorialização do território, a funcionalidade do Estado para o capital e o “comércio justo” no contexto da mundialização do capital. Constatou-se que há uma ampla difusão de discursos que afirmam que o “comércio justo” é um importante meio de enfrentamento às desigualdades socioespaciais, e de que essa forma de relação comercial constituirá uma sociedade justa. Esse pensamento tem ganhado força em diversos grupos (movimentos sociais; partidos políticos; intelectuais, inclusive de geógrafos) e, faz parte das políticas de Estado. Sob todas as suas formas particulares de informação ou propaganda, publicidade ou consumo direto do entretenimento, o espetáculo constitui o modelo presente da vida socialmente dominante. Ele é a afirmação onipresente da escolha já feita na produção, e no seu corolário — o consumo. Nesse sentido, foi possível identificar os limites do “comércio justo”. No enfrentamento do embate capital-trabalho, a empresa usa o selo para entrar em outra posição no mercado, deslocando-se de um mercado de commodities para um nicho de mercado que em vez de funcionar como estratégia de luta contra a exploração do trabalho no campo, tem servido como forma de garantir a extração da renda da terra.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:55:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ocineia Marcia Andrade Santiago.pdf: 1877630 bytes, checksum: 50437339a6a47111134b244dfc0cbe46 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aimed to characterize the supply chain of organic vegetables in Manaus, Amazonas, formulating sustainability indicators for the production of vegetables by analyzing the degree of sustainability of organic vegetables production and evaluating theorganicmarketing vegetables compared with the non-organic vegetables. The production of organic vegetables in Manaus is incipient, production systems are in pursuit of sustainability and marketing is still small, however, there is already a trust between producers/retailers and consumers, and these are willing to pay a higher price for organic products. / O presente trabalho objetivou caracterizar a cadeia produtiva de hortaliças orgânicas no município de Manaus, Amazonas, formulando indicadores de sustentabilidade para a produção de hortaliças, analisando o grau de sustentabilidade dos sistemas de produção de hortaliças orgânicas e avaliando a comercialização das hortaliças orgânicas em comparação com as hortaliças não orgânicas. A produção de hortaliças orgânicas em Manaus é incipiente, os sistemas de produção estão em busca da sustentabilidade e a comercialização ainda é pequena; no entanto, já existe uma relação de confiança entre produtores/varejistas e consumidores, estando estes dispostos a pagar um preço maior pelos produtos orgânicos.

The thesis The media image of the Fair Trade concept in the Czech press examines media image of the Fair Trade business system in the most widely read newspapers Aha!, Blesk, Hospodářské noviny, Lidové noviny, Mladá fronta DNES, Právo and Sport. The aim is to find out whether newspapers report on Fair Trade in broader context and in which frames it is most likely presented. At the same time the thesis examines the extent to which newspapers inform about Fair Trade. There are two hypothesis formulated, one suggesting that the amount of articles referring about Fair trade has an increasing tendency and that articles do not address the issue in broader context. The answers to research questions and the validity of the hypotheses are examined through quantitative and qualitative content analysis based primarily on the framework theory. Deductive procedure using pre-formulated control questions is also used. The finding is that the newspapers most often present Fair Trade in economics frame followed by conflict frame and human impact frame. In addition, the thesis examines the presence of a critical frame, which is almost absent in the newspapers. The context is usually limited. The amount of articles about Fair Trade is decreasing during the monitored period of time. So the validity of the hypothesis...

專門職業人員資格之取得，依憲法規定必須經過依法考銓之程序，此等對人民營業自由所設之規範，目的固在維護人民生命、身體及財產安全，為增進公共利益所必要，但也因此造成專門職業服務市場之參進障礙，形成供給面之限制。再者，由於專門職業服務具有資訊不對稱之特性，造成市場失靈現象，使得該市場中存有管制之必要性。然管制有其功效、亦有弊病，最明顯者是阻礙創新與進步。因此於管制的運用及競爭法之介入二者間，有必要尋求一適用之界線。 於外國實務上，如美國，歐盟和日本等，競爭法是否適用於專門職業已無疑義。除了在特殊情況下（如美國的州政府行為豁免原則）可能豁免競爭法之適用外，並不能僅因行為涉及專門職業即認為不適用競爭法。雖專門職業服務業與一般商業服務在性質上有所不同，惟此僅意味著在專門職業服務市場中之競爭狀況可能有所不同，故應以合理原則，於個案中具體考量產業特性、市場結構、行為效果等因素，始能作出是否違法之判斷結論。 99年開始我國公平交易法適用於專門職業服務業之問題開始發生爭議，短短5年內即可見行政法院之見解有明顯變化，而公平交易委員會歷經數案爭訟過程後，亦開始省思及加強如何論述其認定違法之依據，以尋求行政救濟機關之支持。本文即針對專門職業服務業於公平交易法上之適用關係與規範問題，進行深入之探討，並期能藉由法律與經濟等不同角度之觀察與分析，對未來公平交易法就此議題之具體適用方法，提出建議供參。 / Professionals are required to be registered through examination under the Constitution. Although such requirement is considered necessary to enhance public interests and to ensure the safety of the people and their properties, it also results in the barrier of entry into relevant market. Simultaneously, professional regulation is often addressed to a perceived “market failure” in the market for professional services due to its characteristics of information symmetry. Regulation of professional services can protect vulnerable consumers, but it can also prevent innovation and other competition. The conflict between regulation and free competition therefore exists and the boundary should have to be found. In US, EU and Japan, whether the competition law should apply to the professionals is no longer a question. Although professional services by their nature may differ significantly from other business services, that only means the nature of the competition in such services may vary and should be judged by the Rule of Reason under the competition law. Only in very specific situations (such as the “state action doctrine” in US) would there be an exemption. Similar discussion occurred in Taiwan since 2010, and just during 5 years could we see the obvious change of opinions expressed by Administrative Courts. Taiwan Fair Trade Commission faced numerous challenges through the petitioning procedure in cases related to professionals, and tried hard to strengthen the economical analysis in late cases. This study discusses the related issues of professional service under the Fair Trade Act through legal and economic analysis, and try to make recommendations on handling relevant cases.

The purpose of this research is to study the commercialization of Fairtrade and Organic coffee in the Bolivia. Fairtrade and Organic coffee are alternative trade systems designed to promote the equitable and environmentally sustainable production of coffee. However, these alternative trading systems often fail to meet these goals. The producers and environment these systems are intended to protect remain marginalized. These failures are due to a number of local institutions. In order to better understand these institutions, this research conducted interviews of various stakeholders including producers, cooperative leaders, organic/Fair Trade certifiers, government agencies and private buyers. All these stakeholders influence the success of the alternative trade systems. By better understanding how these stakeholders impact the commercialization of coffee in Bolivia; new policies can be develop to improve the outcomes of alternative trade, to benefit both producers and the environment. This is especially critical in Bolivia because of the environmentally sensitive area in which coffee is grown, the potentially damaging impact of coca on the region and, the devastating economic impact to farmers.

The thesis introduces chosen initiatives that reflect the changing atmosphere and social values of population in the economically well-developed part of the world. The change in the social values is a consequence of deepening socio-cultural and economic interdependence of the regions and the cities in the globalised world. Main presumptions of successful implementation of the initiatives are analysed in order to confront it with the environment of the Czech cities. The main objective of the thesis is an evaluation of the readiness for the usage of these new initiatives in the current Czech city development. There is a visible change in social values among the Czech population under way, however that is typical for its hedonic character. Most of the presumptions are more or less fulfilled with the regional differences. Some of the initiatives have even already been successfully implemented with the positive impact on the environment. Therefore further involvement of similar initiatives could be expected in the future.

This thesis deals with the evaluation of the concept of fair trade, specifically its impact on economic, social and environmental spheres of the life of producers and their communities in developing countries. The theoretical part defines the concept of fair trade, presents the historical development of the concept, discusses its main actors, principles and products; finally, it incorporates the issue into the theory of international trade. The main part of the thesis presents selected case studies that examine the impact of the participation in the fair trade system on producers of coffee, cocoa, bananas and sugar cane, and reveal whether fundamental objectives of the movement have been fulfilled in these cases.

Site is situated northwest of existing borders of BVV. This location is based on urban design from last semester. The design focuses on function and sustainable design. Fire station is type P4 (2 firefighting groups) for firefighters of Jihomoravský kraj with direct connection to BVV. Because of need to fast access to BVV. The firestation has grounds for training of fire sports and training with car wrecks. Health and safety center (CZAB) with main building and outside area. This center is focused on training public in area of dangers of everyday life. The center is simulator of these risks and is based on living through the situations in safe space under profesional guidance. Center can be connected with BVV. Both grounds are connected together with humanitary hall which serves as training space for firefighters and learning space for CZAB and in case of humanitary needs can be used as humanitary hall.

Les labels présents sur les emballages (e.g., « bio », « commerce équitable ») peuvent pousser les individus à sous-évaluer le contenu calorique des aliments, créant ainsi un effet de halo santé. Dans cette thèse, nous défendons l’idée qu’un mécanisme de fausse attribution affective pourrait en partie expliquer cet effet de halo santé. Nous présenterons 11 études ayant pour but de tester empiriquement cette hypothèse. Parmi les principaux résultats, nous avons montré qu’il était possible d’observer cet effet même si les individus ne rapportent pas avoir pris en compte le label dans leur évaluation (Etudes 3) et dans un contexte de double tâche entravant un raisonnement délibéré de leur part (Etudes 4 et 5). Nous avons également pu montrer, par le biais d’une tâche de fausse attribution affective, qu’un stimulus neutre, lorsqu’il est précédé d’un label bio (vs. une image contrôle) est ensuite évalué plus positivement (Etudes 6, 7 et 8). Enfin, nous avons observé une congruence systématique entre la valence de l’amorce (i.e., le label) et la valence de l’évaluation subséquente d’un stimulus neutre (i.e., le contenu calorique d’un produit alimentaire ; Etudes 9, 10 et 11). Ce biais cognitif relatif à nos évaluations caloriques apparaît donc comme un phénomène robuste, ne faisant intervenir que peu d’inférences délibérées de la part des individus et étant guidé par la valence du label (qu’il soit positif ou négatif). / Labels on food products can lead to unwarranted inferences: organic and fair-trade products are perceived as containing fewer calories. This effect is described in the literature as the health halo effect. In this thesis, we argue that an affective misattribution mechanism can partially explain this effect. We present 11 studies testing empirically this hypothesis.Among our main results, we show that this effect still occurs even if participants did not mention that they used the label in their evaluation (Study 3) and when they are under cognitive load, hindering a deliberate reasoning (Studies 4 and 5). By using an affective misattribution procedure, we also show that when a neutral stimulus is preceded by an organic label (vs. a control picture), this stimulus is then evaluated more positively (Studies 6, 7, and 8). Finally, we observed a systematic congruency between the valence of the prime (i.e., the label) and the valence of the evaluation of a neutral stimulus (i.e., the caloric content of a food product; Studies 9, 10, and 11). Taken together, these studies suggest that this cognitive bias is a robust phenomenon, involving a few inferences and mainly driven by the valence of the label (whether positive or negative).

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the value of visual research methods to applied anthropology in the context of exploratory research with farmers in Ethiopia. The three methods of photo-elicitation, participatory photography, and ethnographic film, enrich and expand ethnographic methods to support the client's objective of supporting farmers. The applied project constructs a narrative from the local perspective to help consumers learn more about farmers' lives. The research focuses on specific farmers, and their experiences with direct fair trade and coffee farming. The client sees the application of research produced by ethnographic and visual methods as a good direction not only for his company, but the Fair Trade Industry as a whole.