Many of the insightful writings on clusters identify the role of entrepreneurs as key agents in the formation of firms and clusters. This thesis argues instead that local entrepreneurship is not ceased once firms and clusters are established; local entrepreneurship is about the continuous (re)creation of both businesses and clusters in global spaces. Global spaces for local entrepreneurship emphasises how firms collectively become an agent of continuous renewal. Firms enact an organising context materialising in networks that stretch relations and collaborations according to the issues being dealt with. These networks are localised but are extended beyond the geographical boundaries of clusters. One important example of this, which is in focus in this doctoral thesis, is that firms operating in clusters often interact with actors whom they have met at international trade fairs (ITFs). ITFs are those attractive events that individuals, firms and institutions attend temporarily to exhibit and trade products in foreign and national markets. This thesis is based on the work contained in a cover and five papers. Each paper contributes to the research objective and questions brought forward in the thesis cover. The empirical evidence has been mostly drawn from several case studies conducted in the Lammhult cluster in Sweden. The findings show that firms build their organising contexts in order to stretch the reach and accessibility to local and non-local actors; they jointly co-create potential opportunities. The organising contexts are mapped in networks using three proximity orders. The empirical findings report three types of situations in which there is a potential opportunity for continuous renewal. By emphasising the opportunities that can be originated when a business is not realised or when a new or improved product or process has not been generated yet, this thesis aims to stimulate a theoretical reappraisal of global spaces for local entrepreneurship. With the conceptual development of global spaces for local entrepreneurship, we put forward the idea that such spaces enhance an ability to renew firms and clusters. The underlying reason is that local entrepreneurship is centered on the social interaction between individuals, firms and/or institutions; it materialises in intended and unintended dialogical situations when there is a commitment to the continuous renewal of firms and clusters. Such dialogical situations carry with them an opportunity for co-creating new businesses, new products and new processes.

I concerned with concept of marketing communication strategy from the point of view of firm's participation in trade fair. Theoretic part includes introduction to opportunities of marketing and marketing communication and defines meaning of trade fair within communication mix. Practical part describes preparing and presentation of the firm ESAB in trade fair, further I evaluate efficiency and success of the participation in trade fair which is based on my own experience and available data and documents. Last but not least, I offer definite proposal that could contribute to increase in efficiency of presentation and advise of other opportunities that firma ESAB could use when creating communication strategy.

A produção do espaço urbano, no plano do espaço físico, é a materialização das intenções e determinações de múltiplos agentes, os quais conduzem os destinos da cidade pelos desígnios do capital, orientando-a para um planejamento autofágico que promove a imagem da eficiência, uma representação do espaço que produzida com o intuito de vender a cidade, reforça as características de cidade global e abre possibilidade para a atuação dos agentes econômicos que põem em prática suas táticasestratégias de reprodução do capital no espaço. O conceito, o consenso que se produz sobre a cidade ou fragmentos dela, são induzidos e ao mesmo tempo indutores de estruturas, ritmos e de uma materialidade que se expressa no atual espaço capitalista, conformando os espaços de representação, que por sua vez potencializam a representação desse espaço. Tal representação reforça São Paulo como destino de eventos e de negócios. Uma lógica que revela um empresariamento da gestão urbana, um neodirigismo que aponta para a construção de uma cidade cada vez mais estranha aos que nela habitam. O capital é espacialmente seletivo e busca fixar-se nos centros mais dinâmicos da economia global. Produz-se, portanto, espaços homogêneos, fragmentados e hieraquizados. A competição mostra-se acirrada entre as cidades. O poder público, juntamente com a iniciativa privada, põem em prática diversas estratégias para a captação de grandes eventos e feiras de negócios, atraindo investimentos de toda ordem, fomentando o fluxo do turismo de negócios, segmento que corresponde ao sustentáculo de toda a cadeia de turismo da capital. Neste horizonte, estudar os grandes espaços de eventos/feiras de negócios na relação com o espaço urbano de São Paulo mostrou-se instigante. Na análise parte-se do processo de industrialização e de sua desconcentração do espaço urbano da cidade, sendo uma forma de situar o nascimento das feiras industriais. Estas feiras foram importantes para reforçar as marcas da indústria nacional, ampliando os negócios e contribuindo para inserir o Brasil no mercado mundial. O objeto da pesquisa compreende dois dos maiores recintos de eventos da cidade, o Parque Anhembi e o Centro de Exposições Imigrantes, cada um deles com suas particularidades e contexto. A análise mostra a relação desses recintos com o dinamismo da cidade em sua totalidade, envolvendo as dimensões econômica, política e social. E revela sua participação no processo de (re)produção do espaço urbano das regiões Norte e Sul, nas áreas que circundam o Parque Anhembi e o Centro de Exposições Imigrantes, respectivamente. / The production of the urban space, in the plan of the physical space, is the materialization of the intentions and determination of agent multiples, which drive the destinies of the city for the purpose of the capital, guiding it for a autophagic planning that promotes image of the efficiency, a representation of the space that produced with the intention of selling the city, reinforces the characteristics of global city and opens possibility for the economical agents´ performance to put in practice tactics-strategies of reproduction of the capital in the space. The concept, the consensus that is produced on the city or its fragments, is induced and at the same time inductors of structures, rhythms and of a materiality that expressed itself in the current capitalistic space, conforming the representation spaces, that for its time potentiates the representation of that space. Such representation reinforces São Paulo as destiny of events and businesses. A logic that reveals a \"management of the urban administration\", a \"neodirigismo\" that appears for the construction of a city more and more \"finds strange\" to the that inhabit in it. The capital is spatially selective and search to fasten in the most dynamic centers of the global economy. It produces, therefore, \"homogeneous spaces\", \"fragmented\" and \"hierarchized.\" The competition is shown intransigent among the cities. The public power together with the private initiative put into practice several strategies for the reception of great events and businesses´fairs, attracting investments of every order, fomenting the flow of the tourism of businesses, segment that corresponds to the support of the whole chain of tourism of the capital. In this horizon, to study the great spaces of events / businesses´fairs in the relationship with the urban space of São Paulo shown itself instigate.In the analysis starts itself of the industrialization process and of its distract of the urban space of the city, being a form of placing the birth of the industrial fairs. These fairs were important to reinforce the marks of the national industry, enlarging the businesses and contributing to insert Brazil in the world market.The object of the research understands two of the largest enclosures of events of the city, the Parque Anhembi and the Centro de Exposições Imigrantes, each one of them with their particularities and context. The analysis shows the relationship of those enclosures with the dynamism of the city in its totality, involving the economical, political and social dimensions. And reveals its participation in the process of (re)production of the urban space of the North and South areas, in the areas that surround the Parque Anhembi and the Centro de Exposições Imigrantes, respectively.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as transformacoes da producao artesanal de redes de dormir, no nordeste brasileiro, e as repercussoes dessas transformacoes onde essa atividade e exercida. Para se atingir tal objetivo, parte-se do pressuposto de que as transformacoes ocorridas decorrem de processos relacionados com a incorporacao de materias-primas industriais e de ampliacao do mercado de consumo, sobretudo quando a rede passa a ser considerada como um bem de lazer e decoracao. Este estudo procura abranger os diferentes segmentos relacionados com essa problematica em algumas cidades nordestinas. Numa pesquisa direta, coletaram-se informacoes sobre as materias-primas, os instrumentos, as tecnicas e as relacoes sociais inerentes a atividade. Este estudo mostra que as transformacoes verificadas abrangem a reorganizacao da producao de redes e o aproveitamento das tecnicas de tecelagem das redes para a producao de outros bens, contribuindo, assim para a reproducao do espaco. / This study has the objective to analyze changes in handcraft of sleeping hammocks in Brazilian Northeast and implications of these transformations upon developed activities. In order to achieve this end, the premise is that occurred changes are caused by processes related to incorporation of industrial raw materials and expansion of consumption market, mainly when hammock becomes a leisure and decorative article. This research covers different segments related to this problem in some northeast cities. On direct research, it was collected information about raw material, instruments, techniques and social relations inherent to the activity. This study demonstrates that verified changes comprises reorganization of hammock production and utilization of hammock weaving techniques on other goods manufacturing and so contributing space reproduction.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2018-08-23T12:12:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Leandro Daniel Porfiro.pdf: 1303865 bytes, checksum: 2caecdc9372009c0e6ee91eec57b62c6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T12:12:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leandro Daniel Porfiro.pdf: 1303865 bytes, checksum: 2caecdc9372009c0e6ee91eec57b62c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-26 / In this work, which is available in the Research Groups Directory of CNPq PUC Goiás Education, History, Memory and Cultures in different social settings and in the Research Line Education, Society and Culture, the subject matter of Science Fairs in the school environment is discussed under the theoretical perspective of Germano and Kulesza (2006) on the Popularization of Science (dissemination, vulgarization, popularization and scientific literacy) and the different senses related to it, articulated with the construction of the concept of Modern Science, as a scientific field, its expressed disputes over objects of investigation, epistemologies, methods, beliefs and criteria for truth verification. The historical social emergence of Science Education in secondary school, promoted in school institutional settings, necessarily permeates a particular conception of Culture, Science and Philosophy which guide scientific and citizenship education. This work seeks to retrieve: what are the memories and history of Science Fairs occurred during the schooling process? Therefore, the following research questions were defined: a) what history and memories do people keep from Science Fairs? b) what is the dominant notion of Science that such Fairs build as a cultural disposition able to being internalized as Habitus? c) what is the theoretical framework of Science Fair initiatives as a strategy for the Popularization of Science? This is an exploratory research, one of a qualitative and comprehensive nature grounded on the historiographical studies which favor the concepts of culture, history and memory. Based on the elaboration and appropriation of the state of knowledge of the subject matter, document analysis and interviews made with 35 (thirty-five) people, out of 70 approached, inserted in different age groups, from 20 to 69 years of age, it was possible to notice that the narratives highlighted that Science Fairs, focused on the exhibition of experimental work, encourage knowledge production as well as creativity, considering that they constitute important events for the dissemination of science. It was also possible to identify among the different science notions involved in school memories which hegemonic notion of Science was culturally internalized by the people interviewed, as well as their acceptance or resistance to the hegemony of Positivist Science, a feature which is structurally present and built symbolically by Science Fairs in school settings. / Esta Tese, inserida no Diretório de Pesquisa CNPq PUC Goiás Educação, História, Memória e Culturas em diferentes espaços sociais e na Linha de Pesquisa Educação, Sociedade e Cultura; problematiza-se a temática Feira de Ciências em espaços escolares pela perspectiva teórica de Germano e Kulesza (2006) da Popularização da Ciência (divulgação, vulgarização, popularização e alfabetização científica ou letramento) e os vários sentidos associados a ela, articulada à construção do conceito de Ciência Moderna, como campo científico, suas disputas expressas em objetos de investigação, epistemologias, métodos, crenças e critérios de verificação da verdade. A emergência histórico-social do Ensino de Ciências, do antigo ciclo ginasial e hoje Ensino Fundamental, promovidas nos espaços institucionais escolares, perpassa obrigatoriamente por uma determinada concepção de Cultura, Ciência e Filosofia que orientam a formação científica e cidadã. Busca-se resgatar: qual a história e as memórias das Feiras de Ciências ocorridas no processo de escolarização? Foram definidas as seguintes questões orientadoras: a) - qual é a história e memórias que as pessoas guardam das Feiras de Ciências? b) - qual a noção dominante de Ciência que essas Feiras constroem como disposição cultural passível de ser internalizada como Habitus? c) - qual o enquadramento teórico das iniciativas das Feiras de Ciências, como estratégia de Popularização da Ciência? Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, de natureza qualitativa e compreensiva aportada nos estudos historiográficos que privilegiam os conceitos de cultura, história e memória. A partir da elaboração e apropriação do estado do conhecimento da temática, análise de documentos e entrevistadas a 35 (trinta e cinco) pessoas inseridas em diferentes grupos geracionais de 20 a 69 anos, foi possível apreender que as narrativas evidenciaram que as Feiras de Ciências, com foco na exposição de trabalhos experimentais, estimulam a produção do conhecimento e a criatividade considerando-se que se configuram como importantes eventos de divulgação científica. Foi também possível identificar nas diversas noções de ciência integrantes das memórias escolares, a noção hegemônica de Ciência internalizada culturalmente pelos Sujeitos entrevistados e sua filiação ou resistência à hegemonia da Ciência Positivista, traço estruturalmente presente e construída simbolicamente pelas Feiras de Ciências em espaços escolares.

El presente trabajo investiga el nivel de influencia de las ferias comerciales en el crecimiento de las exportaciones de prendas y complementos de vestir de punto, para bebés, en algodón de pequeñas y medianas empresas peruanas, a través de 40 encuestas dirigidas a todas las empresas del sector vestimenta – ropa de bebé que actualmente exportan. Conocer el nivel de influencia en participación en ferias tiene la finalidad de investigar la correlación entre variables, verificar si una de las razones por las que se acrecienta el comercio internacional, es a causa de una herramienta de promoción comercial actualmente dirigida a todos las empresas para potencializar sus exportaciones. Para ello, se examinan distintos factores de frecuencia, reincidencia y factores aptitudinales. Cabe añadir, que los datos mostraron que la asistencia a ferias comerciales si influyen en el crecimiento de las expotaciones. El tipo de investigación tiene un enfoque mixto orientado principalmente a una investigación cuantitativa con alcance correlacional, basado en la aplicación de encuestas a empresas del sector y datos estadísticos a través de plataformas de investigación. Finalmente, se conluye que las ferias comerciales sí influyen en el crecimiento de las exportaciones y ventas, sin embargo se recomienda, del mismo modo, verificar que otros factores impactan en el crecimiento no significativo de sus ventas con respecto al año anterior. / The aim of this investigation is to research the level of influence of trade fairs on the growth of exports of clothing and clothing accessories, for babies, medium and small businesses. Data collection took place using the 40 surveys aimed at all companies in the clothing sector that currently export baby clothing. Knowing the level of influence of participation in fairs has the purpose of investigating the correlation between variables. The main focus is to verify if one of the main reasons why international trade is increasing is a result of a commercial promotion tool currently aimed at all companies to boost their exports. For this, several factors of frequency, recidivism and fitness factors will be examined. It should be added that the data shows that attendance at trade fairs does influence the growth of the exhibits. The type of research is focused mainly on quantitative methods with a correlational scope, based on the application of surveys of companies in the sector, interviews with experts, and the collection of information from research platforms. Finally, the conclusions and recommendations for the present investigation are determined. / Tesis

Many of the insightful writings on clusters identify the role of entrepreneurs as key agents in the formation of firms and clusters. This thesis argues instead that local entrepreneurship is not ceased once firms and clusters are established; local entrepreneurship is about the continuous (re)creation of both businesses and clusters in global spaces. Global spaces for local entrepreneurship emphasises how firms collectively become an agent of continuous renewal. Firms enact an organising context materialising in networks that stretch relations and collaborations according to the issues being dealt with. These networks are localised but are extended beyond the geographical boundaries of clusters. One important example of this, which is in focus in this doctoral thesis, is that firms operating in clusters often interact with actors whom they have met at international trade fairs (ITFs). ITFs are those attractive events that individuals, firms and institutions attend temporarily to exhibit and trade products in foreign and national markets. This thesis is based on the work contained in a cover and five papers. Each paper contributes to the research objective and questions brought forward in the thesis cover. The empirical evidence has been mostly drawn from several case studies conducted in the Lammhult cluster in Sweden. The findings show that firms build their organising contexts in order to stretch the reach and accessibility to local and non-local actors; they jointly co-create potential opportunities. The organising contexts are mapped in networks using three proximity orders. The empirical findings report three types of situations in which there is a potential opportunity for continuous renewal. By emphasising the opportunities that can be originated when a business is not realised or when a new or improved product or process has not been generated yet, this thesis aims to stimulate a theoretical reappraisal of global spaces for local entrepreneurship. With the conceptual development of global spaces for local entrepreneurship, we put forward the idea that such spaces enhance an ability to renew firms and clusters. The underlying reason is that local entrepreneurship is centered on the social interaction between individuals, firms and/or institutions; it materialises in intended and unintended dialogical situations when there is a commitment to the continuous renewal of firms and clusters. Such dialogical situations carry with them an opportunity for co-creating new businesses, new products and new processes.

School of Economics, Diss.--Helsinki, 2007.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-03, Section: B, page: 1623. Adviser: Luisa Franzini. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-80).

While political praise and condemnation of Disney is commonplace in the literature, my research will focus instead on the origination of Disney's design plan for Disneyland and the theoretical and physical connections between key historical figures and the finished product. I will not consider what Disneyland means to the world today---that is a subject many others have covered, some even brilliantly; instead, I will consider what social concepts contributed to the initial design in an attempt to see the underlying values at work in this post-modern utopia. In this thesis, I intend to show that Walt Disney's initial design for Disneyland was influenced by Ebenezer Howard's Garden City concept. In addition to Howard's vision, Disney also incorporated concepts from Frank Lloyd Wright's architecture and Henry Ford's mass market manufacturing theories. I do not intend to claim that these are the only influences on Disney's initial plan for his amusement park, but I will show that the physical layout of the park reflects Howard's Garden City plan, the architecture considers some of Wright's designs, and the way the park is run incorporates some of the ideas of Henry Ford. I have purposely avoided any works that consider the corporate aspects of Disney and the current Disney Corporation. Instead, I have focused my research on the intentions surrounding Disney's initial design plan. My position is that Disney's parks are real, successful, and expanding internationally - not mere fantasy like earlier 19th social reformers whose actual accomplishments are relatively small and have not been not sustainable locally or internationally. Disney realized the importance of a TEMPORARY place rather than a PERMANENT residence. Disney understood the literal definition of utopia to mean "no where" and therefore did not create a utopia that was a real place. Both Howard and Disney sought to offer a utopia. Howard had hopes of revitalizing the social order with his new cities, and Disney hoped to offer the average family a place where they could have fun and enjoy one another in a safe and entertaining environment.