Magister Philosophiae (Land and Agrarian Studies) - MPhil(LAS) / Over the past fifteen years, the South African government has extended various land, labour and social rights to farm workers, ranging from provisions of basic labour rights in 1993 to the minimum wage in 2003. Literature suggests that social relations on commercial farms do not remain static in the context of policy changes. This thesis sets out to understand the ways in which social relations have or have not changed, on one commercial farm in Limpopo province, South Africa, and to establish factors that impede or promote such change as well as the consequences for farm workers’ daily lives. Drawing from the interpretive and critical social science philosophical perspectives, the thesis adopts a qualitative research methodology that takes into consideration the experiences and perceptions of farm workers, farm managers, the farm owner and key informants from government institutions and civil society. At a theoretical level the study is informed by four paradigms namely: the materialist perspective; the total institution thesis; paternalism; and structuration theory. It considers three overlapping conceptual models of understanding relations between farm owners and farm workers namely the welfarist, workerist and transformative models. The paper argues that, in the past decade, the extension of farm labour and tenure laws to the farm sector has eroded the welfarist relations between the farm owner and farm workers. There is now a rise in workerist relations in a context of unequal power relations tilted in favour of the farm employer. The thesis concludes that in order to adequately understand land, labour and social relations, one has to consider the politics of land ownership as well as the politics of agricultural capitalist employment.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:47:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CAROLINA ARANTES NEUBER LIMA.pdf: 820640 bytes, checksum: 1e0d297af38fb0293a787d61e7e8c746 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-27 / This study is meant to examine the model of social security system of Brazilians rural workers, correlating it with existing models in the legal system of other sovereign States, classifying it and promoting an analysis of its economic-financial and actuarial viability in light of historical, legal and socioeconomic national context. By recognizing the social security as a social right founded on the principle of solidarity and the social welfare for rural workers as a fundamental right, constitutionally fixed in the Brazilian law, the research presents the categories of rural workers currently appointed in the national legal system, introducing the pension benefits available to each one of them. Finally, it aims to verify the contribution of the pension system of the Brazilian rural workers to the actuarial and financial balance or unbalance of the social security system, indicating the possible future implications. Despite the use of historical and socioeconomic information, justified by the interdisciplinarity of this master degree program, the work tried to highlight the legal aspect and its evolution. The search result is therefore intended to demonstrate the importance of the path covered by Brazilian legislation and the future challenges relating to the social security model for rural workers. / O presente trabalho tem por intuito examinar o modelo de previdência social do trabalhador rural brasileiro, correlacionando-o com modelos existentes no ordenamento jurídico de outros Estados soberanos, classificando-o e promovendo uma análise sobre sua viabilidade econômico-financeira e atuarial em face do contexto histórico, jurídico e socioeconômico nacional. Através do reconhecimento da seguridade social como direito social lastreado no princípio da solidariedade e da previdência social do trabalhador rural como direito fundamental constitucionalmente previsto na legislação brasileira, apresenta-se as categorias de trabalhadores rurais atualmente previstas no sistema normativo pátrio e os benefícios a elas acessíveis. Busca-se, por fim, verificar a contribuição do regime previdenciário do trabalhador rural brasileiro para o equilíbrio ou desequilíbrio atuarial e financeiro do sistema de seguridade social, indicando as possíveis implicações futuras. Em que pese a utilização de dados históricos e socioeconômicos, justificados pela interdisciplinaridade do programa de mestrado em Direito, Relações Internacionais e Desenvolvimento da PUC-GO, procurou-se destacar o aspecto jurídico e sua evolução. O resultado da pesquisa pretende, assim, demonstrar a importância do caminho trilhado pela legislação brasileira e os desafios futuros em relação à previdência social do trabalhador rural.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:46:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IlenaFB_DISSERT.pdf: 1622910 bytes, checksum: cf7c1572ab1d018e869c09ff0690d377 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-10-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The following dissertation studies the insertion of peasant women in the conflict for land since the occupation process, dispossession and construction of the settlement New Horizon II, in the municipal district of Maxaranguape. It analyses their participation in the conflict Valley of the Hope", that resulted in the settlements New Life II and New Horizon II in the municipal district of Maxaranguape. The analysis exposes the reasons which took the peasant women, after the land conquest, to go back into domestic space and/or to assume positions of lesser relevance in the political organizations of the settlement. In the conflict Valley of the Hope, the women had a fundamental role, facing the police violence, being front line of the conflicts against the repression forces, risking their lives and the life of their families. After the conquest of the land, transformed into the New Horizon II Settlement, there are a lot of changes in the participation of the women. We can observe that, despite the protagonism of the families, in special of the women in the Valley of the Hope conflict, these female workers still experiment unequal social, economic, political and cultural conditions in relation to the men, expressing the gender inequalities which are found in the daily life of the settlement: in the community, in the domestic and agricultural task. The conflict for the land in the Valley of the Hope and the conquest of the settlement did not necessarily mean the incorporation of the emancipation of the peasant women. However, the political participation in the development of the conflicts allowed to the women the self discovering and the beginning of an emancipation process as gender. There are signals of continuities and ruptures of the present culture, almost always stimulated by the organization of the agricultural female workers / A presente Disserta??o estuda a inser??o das mulheres trabalhadoras rurais na luta pela terra desde o processo de ocupa??o, desapropria??o e constru??o do Assentamento Novo Horizonte II, no munic?pio de Maxaranguape. Analisa sua participa??o no Conflito Vale da Esperan?a , que resultou nos Assentamentos Nova Vida II e Novo Horizonte II, no munic?pio de Maxaranguape/RN. A an?lise incide sobre o desvelamento dos determinantes que levaram as mulheres trabalhadoras rurais, ap?s a conquista da terra, voltarem-se para o espa?o dom?stico e/ou assumirem cargos de menor relev?ncia nas organiza??es pol?ticas do assentamento. No conflito Vale da Esperan?a, as mulheres tiveram um papel fundamental, enfrentando a viol?ncia policial, sendo linha de frente dos conflitos com as for?as de repress?o, expondo suas vidas e a de suas fam?lias. Ap?s a conquista da terra, transformada no Assentamento Novo Horizonte II, h? mudan?as na participa??o das mulheres. Observou-se que apesar do protagonismo das fam?lias, em especial das mulheres no conflito Vale da Esperan?a, essas trabalhadoras ainda vivenciam condi??es sociais, econ?micas, pol?ticas e culturais desiguais em rela??o aos homens, expressando as desigualdades de g?nero presentes no cotidiano do assentamento: na associa??o, no trabalho dom?stico e agr?cola. A luta pela terra no Vale da Esperan?a e a conquista do assentamento n?o significou necessariamente a incorpora??o da emancipa??o das mulheres trabalhadoras rurais. Contudo, a participa??o pol?tica no desenvolvimento das lutas propicia as mulheres se descobrirem e iniciarem um processo de liberta??o enquanto g?nero. H? sinais de continuidades e rupturas da cultura vigente, quase sempre impulsionada pela organiza??o das mulheres trabalhadoras rurais

Thesis (MDev.) -- University of Limpopo, 2016 / The purpose of this study was to assess the socio-economic effects of farm evictions in Mogale City Local Municipality, Gauteng Province. Most of the land owners do not adhere to the legislations which govern evictions in general and to the Extension of Security of Tenure Act which governs farm eviction on specific. The key objectives of the study were to identify the socio-economic effects of farm evictions and to analyse how the affected communities responded to the phenomenon of evictions. The key questions were what are the socio-economic effects do eviction have on farm dwellers and how have the affected communities responded to the phenomenon of eviction. The literature revealed that evictions around the world started decades ago and to date are still happening. In Zimbabwe, evictions were initiated by white farmers as a way of redressing the imbalance of the land ownership; in China evictions are mainly caused by rapid population growth and expansion of cities, in Namibia, Germans expropriated land and forcefully removed original owners of such land. Since independence, Namibia has no legislation governing evictions and this pose a thread of tenure insecurity. Although South Africa has legislations which govern the evictions, evictions are still taking place and mostly initiated by white land owners. The quantitative survey study was conducted to determine the distribution of socio-economic variables before and after the eviction. The primary data was collected, using semi-structured questionnaires which the interviewer administered to the evicted households. The findings revealed that electricity supply, garbage collection, personal care, household income, access to health facilities are negatively affected and the condition of the households deteriorated after the eviction. The main recommendation on the basis of the findings is that the MCLM, DRDLR and NDHS should adhere to the principles outlined in the article 25(1) of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948. This would reduce the negative impact of evictions.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:18:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosiney Isabel Bigatao.pdf: 7073138 bytes, checksum: 4f08f3f1938261fc34995a3963393bee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The survey attempts to grasp how the image of the Pantanal farm worker is built, meaning he who lives and works in the Pantanal. For such, it analyzes the interactions between TV and radio and the mestizo culture of the Pantanal: mestizo because of the relational, connective plot by which the thinking is structured out in the face of a confluence of mosaic-like materials that do not fit into analyses based on the binary model, or into most Midwestern theories. The survey is based on the hypothesis that whenever the farm worker gets dressed and prepares himself for his daily chores, he wears clothing, accessories, items and objects that create an image reflective of the various incorporations that constitute the mestizo culture of the place. Said image comprises media interactions between Indians, Bandeirante colonizers, cowboys, Spaniards, Paraguayans, blacks, and other more recent cultural assimilations that took place mainly with the advent of TV and radio. Far removed from the internet and from mobile networks the Pantanal has specific features that limit the use of such apparatus , he moves closer to the radio, from which he receives messages as if they were audio e-mails, keeps himself updated, and becomes connected. Given his restricted access to printed media as well, due to the high rate of illiteracy virtually all of the farm workers interviewed were illiterate, those who were literate knew little more than how to read and write their names, and none had the habit of reading , and a culture that is oral par excellence, TV is as an important communication vehicle to the farm worker, one that is present in nearly all of the Pantanal farms. This panorama was decisive for the choice of the research corpus, which comprised the Pantanal soap opera, shot in 1990 and re-run in 2008 by the Manchete TV network, recent news stories by Rede Matogrossense de Televisão, a TV channel affiliated with the Globo network, and a daily show on Rádio Difusora Matogrossense, based in the city of Corumbá, as well as interviews recorded with farm workers over the course of one year of trips (2005) to farms in the Pantanal of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. For analysis, we have used the theories of semiotics of culture (Iuri Lotman), miscegenation (Severo Sarduy, Manuel Delgado, Serge Gruzinski, Amálio Pinheiro), sociology of knowledge (Boaventura de Sousa Santos), and theories by thinkers (Edgar Morin) and scholars in communication whose work helped us to understand how the relations between media and the spectator take place / A pesquisa tenta compreender como se dá a construção da imagem do peão pantaneiro, aqui entendido como aquele que vive e trabalha no Pantanal. Para tanto, analisa as interações da TV e do rádio com a cultura mestiça pantaneira: mestiça pela trama relacional e conectiva dos modos como se estrutura o pensamento perante a confluência de materiais em mosaico que não se enquadram nas análises feitas a partir do modelo binário e de grande parte das teorias centro-ocidentais. Parte-se da hipótese de que, quando o peão se veste e se prepara para a lida diária, ele usa roupas, acessórios, peças e objetos que criam uma imagem na qual se refletem as várias incorporações que compõem a cultura mestiça do lugar. Nessa imagem, estão presentes interações midiáticas entre índios, bandeirantes, vaqueiros, espanhóis, paraguaios, negros e outras assimilações culturais mais recentes, que acontecem principalmente a partir da TV e do rádio. Longe da internet e das redes móveis o Pantanal tem especificidades que limitam o uso desses aparatos , ele se aproxima do rádio, por meio do qual recebe recados como se fosse um e-mail sonoro, se atualiza e se conecta. Com acesso restrito também à mídia impressa, tendo em vista o alto índice de analfabetismo praticamente todos os peões entrevistados eram analfabetos, os que eram alfabetizados sabiam pouco mais que ler e escrever o nome e nenhum deles tinha o hábito de leitura , e com uma cultura oral por excelência, o peão também faz da TV um importante veículo de comunicação, presente em praticamente todas as fazendas pantaneiras. Esse panorama foi decisivo na escolha do corpus da pesquisa, formado pela novela Pantanal, da Rede Manchete, gravada em 1990 e reprisada em 2008, por matérias jornalísticas da Rede Matogrossense de Televisão, afiliada da Rede Globo, feitas recentemente, e por um programa diário da Rádio Difusora Matogrossense, em Corumbá, além das entrevistas gravadas com peões em um ano de viagens (2005) às fazendas do Pantanal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Para a análise, foram usadas as teorias da semiótica da cultura (Iuri Lotman, Paul Zumthor), da mestiçagem (Severo Sarduy, Serge Gruzinski, Amálio Pinheiro, Viveiros de Castro, Nestor Garcia Canclini), da sociologia do conhecimento (Boaventura de Sousa Santos), de pensadores (Edgar Morin) e estudiosos da comunicação como Jesús Martín-Barbero, cujo trabalho ajudou a entender como se dão as relações entre a mídia e o expectador

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Text in Afrikaans / Die Landelike Stigting poog om deur die proses van gemeenskapsontwikkeling die lewenstandaard en ontwikkelingspeil van die plaaswerkergemeenskap te verhoog. Binne hierdie proses word volwasse onderwys as belangrike instrument aangewend. Vervolgens is die probleem wat nagevors is die toepassing van volwasse onderwys deur die Landelike Stigting binne landelike ontwikkeling. Eerstens is ondersoek ingestel na die doelstellings en filosofiese orientasies van volwasse onderwys. Binne hierdie kognitiewe raamwerk het hierdie studie tweedens die bepaling van die Landelike Stigting se filosofie en doelstellings behels. Die Landelike Stigting se volwasse onderwysprogram toon duidelike ooreenkomste met radikale volwasse onderwysdenke. Die teoretiese onderbou van die program is vereenselwigbaar met kontemporere ontwikkelingsdenke wat mensgesentreerde, deelnemende en handhawingsontwikkeling beklemtoon en fokus op ontwikkeling as 'n leerproses. Met hul teoretiese uitgangspunte slaag die Landelike Stigting daarin om 'n volwasse onderwysprogram daar te stel wat nie-rassige, nieseksistiese en demokratiese leerbeginsels ondersteun. Hierdie uitgangspunte manifesteer egter tans nie in die praktyk nie. / The Rural Foundation strives to promote the living standard and level of development of the farm worker community through the process of community development. Adult education is an important instrument within this process. Consequently the problem researched is the application of adult education in rural development. Firstly, the objectives and philosophical orientations of adult education were explored. Following from this cognitive framework this study secondly determined the objectives and philosophy of the Rural Foundation. The adult education programme of the Rural Foundation closely corresponds to radical adult education thinking. The theoret i ca 1 substructure of the programme is comp at i b 1 e with contemporary deve 1 opment thought which emphasises people-centred, participatory and sustainable development and focuses on development as a learning process. With their theoretical premises, the Rural Foundation succeeds in establishing an adult education programme which supports non-racial, non-sexist and democratic learning principles. However, these premises do not manifest in practice. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Administration)

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Text in Afrikaans / Die Landelike Stigting poog om deur die proses van gemeenskapsontwikkeling die lewenstandaard en ontwikkelingspeil van die plaaswerkergemeenskap te verhoog. Binne hierdie proses word volwasse onderwys as belangrike instrument aangewend. Vervolgens is die probleem wat nagevors is die toepassing van volwasse onderwys deur die Landelike Stigting binne landelike ontwikkeling. Eerstens is ondersoek ingestel na die doelstellings en filosofiese orientasies van volwasse onderwys. Binne hierdie kognitiewe raamwerk het hierdie studie tweedens die bepaling van die Landelike Stigting se filosofie en doelstellings behels. Die Landelike Stigting se volwasse onderwysprogram toon duidelike ooreenkomste met radikale volwasse onderwysdenke. Die teoretiese onderbou van die program is vereenselwigbaar met kontemporere ontwikkelingsdenke wat mensgesentreerde, deelnemende en handhawingsontwikkeling beklemtoon en fokus op ontwikkeling as 'n leerproses. Met hul teoretiese uitgangspunte slaag die Landelike Stigting daarin om 'n volwasse onderwysprogram daar te stel wat nie-rassige, nieseksistiese en demokratiese leerbeginsels ondersteun. Hierdie uitgangspunte manifesteer egter tans nie in die praktyk nie. / The Rural Foundation strives to promote the living standard and level of development of the farm worker community through the process of community development. Adult education is an important instrument within this process. Consequently the problem researched is the application of adult education in rural development. Firstly, the objectives and philosophical orientations of adult education were explored. Following from this cognitive framework this study secondly determined the objectives and philosophy of the Rural Foundation. The adult education programme of the Rural Foundation closely corresponds to radical adult education thinking. The theoret i ca 1 substructure of the programme is comp at i b 1 e with contemporary deve 1 opment thought which emphasises people-centred, participatory and sustainable development and focuses on development as a learning process. With their theoretical premises, the Rural Foundation succeeds in establishing an adult education programme which supports non-racial, non-sexist and democratic learning principles. However, these premises do not manifest in practice. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Administration)