7 Criminological aspects of organized crime Abstract The aim of this study named Criminological aspects of organized crime is mainly to provide a general insight to organized criminality as itself a systematize particular legal and social means, that are used to fight organized crime these days. Apart from the identification of the problems connected with application of certain means in practice I tried to outline possible solutions for the future that would lead to increasing the effectivity of fight with organized crime. The first chapter is focused on the general definition of organized crime and particular trait names that characterise organized crime and distinguish it from other forms of criminal activity. The second chapter called development of organized crime is dedicated mainly to historical roots of organized crime, its origin and changes through time. The most important global organized criminal groups are described in the second part of this chapter, which are an Italian Mafia, American La Cosa Nostra, Chinese triad and other. The third chapter focuses on typology of organized crime and particular internal organizational structure, their typical signs an expressions, whereas offers several means of division. In the fourth chapter, I devoted myself to the development of organized crime in the...

The Military Police Corps' active shooter preparedness plan is inadequate because several updated tactics, techniques, and procedures that have been developed over the past 20 years and implemented by civilian law enforcement agencies have not been incorporated, leaving the Corps less prepared during active shooter events. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to examine how Military Police Corps leaders trained their law enforcement and support personnel to respond to an active shooter event. The institutional analysis and development framework was used to analyze the day-to-day operational decisions within the Military Police Corps. Data for the qualitative case study were collected through semi structured interviews with 15 Military Police Corps leaders and soldiers across 5 military police battalions in the United States and Europe and military police training records. These data were subjected to axial and open coding, followed by a thematic analysis procedure. Participants perceived that the Corps' active shooter preparedness training hours and methodology are insufficient to maintain proficiency in active shooter preparedness, that dispatchers are not properly trained on receiving active shooter calls, and that live exercise training for first responders is inadequate. Recommendations for Military Police Corps leadership include updating the training methodology for first responders and dispatchers, providing better tactical equipment for first responders, and revising policies in order to improve the Military Police Corps' active shooter preparedness program. Implementation of these recommendations may promote public safety.

It is well established that methadone maintenance (MM) reduces but does not eliminate the self-administration of other illicit drugs. For those on MM, there is considerable variation in consumption patterns, route of heroin administration, additional non-opioid substances routinely administered and the clinical disorders associated with these patterns of use. While there is a large literature base documenting these phenomena, studies have been almost exclusively descriptive in nature, with little attempt to develop a theoretical model in which to understand such use. In the following thesis, a model proposed by Gray was tested, the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST). This biopsychosocial model broadly describes two action tendencies; approach (Behavioural Activation System) and avoidance or withdrawal (Flight Fight Freeze System and the Behavioural Inhibition System). The model proposes that a heightened sensitivity to punishment underlies anxiety disorders. Conversely, a heightened sensitivity to rewarding stimuli may predispose some individuals to engage in highly rewarding behaviour and is associated with conduct disorder and antisocial personality disorder. According to the Joint Subsystems Hypothesis, these personality styles are mutually dependent, whereby BIS and BAS interact to influence reward mediated and punishment mediated behaviours. Based on Gray's model, this thesis tests whether opiate dependent individuals with heightened sensitivity to punishment are more likely to use anxiolytic drugs (such as benzodiazepines), and individuals with heightened reward sensitivity will show a preference for substances that have high reward potential (such as stimulants). At time one, the participant sample (N= 120) comprised 71 males (59%) and 49 females who were opioid dependent and recruitment took place over an eight-month period in two city opioid replacement clinics. A range of measures was administered to assess substance use, mood, anxiety and the personality dimensions of reward sensitivity and punishment sensitivity, with substance use again measured at three months. Results of the first study suggested that a large proportion of the variance was accounted for by personality within the models. A total of 98 participants (81%) participated in the 12-week follow-up study. Sensitivity to punishment and reward significantly predicted drug preference. Although psychopathology symptoms were not able to moderate the relationship between personality and drug use, anxiety symptoms negatively mediated the relationship between punishment sensitivity and anxiolytic use, whereby the relationship became non-significant. In contrast, sensitivity to reward remained the strongest predictor of amphetamine use over antisocial characteristics. Individual differences were not able to predict treatment retention nor susceptibility to relapse during a 12-week initiation to a MM programme.

<p>We have in this study preformed a quantitative examination on how hooligans use film and new technologies to spread private videos on the Internet. With today´s technologies it is very easy for hooligans to publish their videos. In this study, we have choosen to do a questionnaire poll based on seven questions about what people think of hooliganviolence on online video sharing sites. We have also conducted an online interview with a former swedish hooligan. The people who participated in our study are all anonymous, and therefore we have no age or gender included in our study. Most of the videos discussed here are used as entertainment, according to their publishers/viewers, but also as a method of advertising the supporterclubs of different teams. Following our study we can conclude that new technologies have a huge importance for the spread of these videos.</p>

While scholars have analyzed the masculinity crisis portrayed in American fiction, few have focused on postmodernist fiction, few have examined masculinity without using feminist theory, and no articles propose an adequate solution for ending normative masculinity’s dominance. I examine the masculinity crisis as it is portrayed in two postmodernist novels, David Foster Wallace’s novel Infinite Jest and Chuck Palahniuk’s novel Fight Club. Both novels have male characters that ran the gamut of masculinities, but those that are the most successful at avoiding gender stereotypes (Donald Gately in Infinite Jest, and the narrator in Fight Club) develop a masculinity which incorporates strong, phallic masculinity and nurturing, testicular masculinity, creating a balanced gender. At the same time, both novels examine postmodernist fiction’s future. Post-postmodernist fiction, similar to well-rounded masculinity, seeks to be more emotionally open with the reader while still using irony and innovation for meaningful effects, not just to be clever.

We have in this study preformed a quantitative examination on how hooligans use film and new technologies to spread private videos on the Internet. With today´s technologies it is very easy for hooligans to publish their videos. In this study, we have choosen to do a questionnaire poll based on seven questions about what people think of hooliganviolence on online video sharing sites. We have also conducted an online interview with a former swedish hooligan. The people who participated in our study are all anonymous, and therefore we have no age or gender included in our study. Most of the videos discussed here are used as entertainment, according to their publishers/viewers, but also as a method of advertising the supporterclubs of different teams. Following our study we can conclude that new technologies have a huge importance for the spread of these videos.

ITC/USA 2014 Conference Proceedings / The Fiftieth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 20-23, 2014 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, CA / The paper discusses the history and background of metadata standards for the FTI community over the last 20 years and speculates on how they may develop in the future. It starts by highlighting the deficiencies of proprietary formats and the resulting problems. It then discusses the characteristics and features of specific industry standard metadata descriptions such as TMATS, iHAL, MDL and XidML in addition to their levels of maturity. The attributes of what constitutes a fully mature FTI metadata standard is then discussed. It is suggested that any standard must serve at least two functions, Configuration and Validation, and outlines what exactly each means. Finally, it is argued that there is now a significant level of convergence and consensus in both the scope and application of metadata, and in the associated concept of operations (ConOps). The details of this Concept of Operations are then discussed along with suggestions as to how this may evolve in the coming years.

This thesis is a rhetorical analysis of Frank Capra's World War II information film series, Why We Fight, produced from 1942-1945. The series' mythological messages are examined using the four national parables as defined by Robert Reich (1987), namely The Mob at the Gates, The Triumphant Individual, The Benevolent Community, and The Rot at the Top. The values conveyed through the national parables are analyzed using a delineation of 17 core American values provided by Steele and Redding (1962). The analysis reveals the basic narrative structure of the series constituted by the myths, The Battle of Good and Evil and The Foundation Myth of America. Particularly, these two myths are crucial for America's shift from an isolationist to interventionist paradigm in foreign policy. This change in the mythical system initiated America's emergence as a world power after World War II. / Department of Telecommunications

Die EU hat sich verpflichtet einen Raum der Freiheit, der Sicherheit und des Rechts (RFSR) zu errichten. Der Schutz persönlicher Freiheitsrechte, die Wahrung von Rechtsstaatlichkeit und die Gewährung (innerer) Sicherheit sind seither ein zentrales Integrationsziel der Union und wurden im zunehmenden Maße „europäisiert“. Der internationale Terrorismus stellt dabei eine der bedeutendsten Motivationen, aber auch eine der größten Bewährungsproben dar. Gelingt es der EU die Integration im Bereich der inneren Sicherheit weiter voranzutreiben ohne dabei Freiheit und Rechtsstaatlichkeit in den Schatten zu drängen. Dieser Problemstellung wird mit einer exemplarischen Analyse zentraler Antiterrorismusmaßnahmen nach 9/11 nachgegangen.

Essa pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar as memórias que se construíram acerca da luta armada contra a Ditadura Civil-Militar Brasileira, desenvolvida entre o final dos anos 1960, início dos 1970, no Rio Grande do Sul. Partindo dos livros de memórias escritos pelos que pegaram em armas no Estado, realizando entrevistas com esses exguerrilheiros, e com base também numa pesquisa em jornais da época, buscou-se primeiro reconstituir o que ocorreu de luta armada no Rio Grande do Sul. A seguir, foi feita uma análise a respeito de que forma essas memórias foram sendo construídas, em determinados momentos retratando a época da luta armada sob um viés mais cômico, em outros momentos ressaltando o aspecto mais violento da repressão que se abateu sobre esses militantes que pegaram em armas contra a Ditadura. A pesquisa buscou compreender os fatores que influenciaram a forma como essas narrativas foram desenvolvidas, como a trajetória desses ex-guerrilheiros desde a luta armada até o momento em que escreveram seus livros, o contexto que o Brasil vivia no momento da escrita, e as possíveis influências que a leitura de outros livros de ex-guerrilheiros possa ter tido sobre os autores analisados. Com base na análise desses livros de memórias foi possível perceber também em linhas gerais alguns fatores de identidade desse grupo dos que pegaram em armas contra a Ditadura. Os livros analisados foram “Guerra é Guerra, dizia o torturador”, de Índio Vargas; “O Riso dos Torturados”, de Jorge Fischer Nunes; “Verás que um filho teu não foge à luta”, de João Carlos Bona Garcia, e “A Guerrilha Brancaleone”, de Cláudio Antônio Weyne Gutiérrez. / This research aimed to analyze the memories that were built as for the armed fight against the Brazilian Military-Civil Dictatorship, that took place in late 1960s, early 1970s in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Starting from memory books written by those who took up arms in the State, interviewing these ex-guerrilla fighters, and based in a research in those days newspapers, first it sought reconstructing what about happened of armed fight in Rio Grande do Sul. Next, an analysis in which ways these memories were being reconstructed was done, sometimes picturing that fight in a comic way, and in others highlighting a more violent aspect of the repression over those who fought against the regime. The research sought to understand the factors that influenced the way in which these narratives were developed, like the ex-guerrilla fighters trajectory from the armed fight to the moment they have written their books, the context in which Brazil has lived at the moment they were written, and the possible influence the reading of other ex-guerrilla fighter books might have had over the analyzed authors. Based on the analyses of these memory books, it was possible to understand in a general way some identity factors of this group who took up arms against Dictatorship. The analyzed books were “Guerra é Guerra, dizia o torturador” (War is War, said the torturer) by Índio Vargas; “O Riso dos Torturados” (The Laughter of the Tortured) by Jorge Fischer Nunes; “Verás que um filho teu não foge à luta” (You’ll see your son won’t escape from fighting) by João Carlos Bona Garcia; “A Guerrilha Brancaleone” (Brancaleone’s Guerrilla) by Cláudio Antônio Weyne Gutiérrez.