Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-20T12:31:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 gabriela ferreira.pdf: 2171105 bytes, checksum: 7284a05e34ce4f40f5cadd3444c3723d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-25 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / An important source of genetic resources is microbial biodiversity for the advancement of biology and biotechnology. The present study aimed to characterize and identify microorganisms isolated from cupuaçu fruit (Theobroma grandiforum) that showed pigment production; analyze the pigments obtained by the technique of Thin Layer Chromatography in Silica Gel, High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; evaluate the pigment potential for human use by performing cytotoxicity assays; characterize the isolates for their potential to produce mycotoxins, and characterize the pigments obtained in relation to the presence of antioxidant activity. Were obtained 207 filamentous fungi from T. grandiflorum fruit, 85 of these showed potential for pigments production. On morphological and molecular analysis, 17 were taxonomically identified as Penicillium purpurogenum, all producers of an extracellular red pigment. The pigment was produced by the isolates in a short period of incubation in the absence or presence of light, at room temperature and on PDA. The stability assays performed showed that the pigment has high stability in relation to changes in temperature, pH and brightness, even in extreme conditions such as freezing, freeze-drying and heating in a microwave oven. Bioassays have shown that the pigment does not have antibiotic activity for testers micro-organisms (Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Candida albicas) and also showed no cytotoxicity against Artemia salina. It was observed that butanol fraction of the extract showed antioxidant activity. The spectroscopic and chromatographic analyzes performed indicate that this pigment belongs to anthraquinones family. It is necessary further purification of the pigment, HPLC analyzes and NMR to be redone to obtain the structural determination of the molecule. The results obtained show that the red pigment presents a great potential for use as cosmetic and food coloring. Since it has chemical stability, water solubility, antioxidant activity, production in a short time and has no toxicity. These results provided information to confirm the feasibility of natural sources for producing pigments, effectively contributing to the advancement in the use of appropriate technologies to acquire new sources of natural compounds that occurs without less or any environmental impact. / A biodiversidade microbiana representa uma fonte importante de recursos genéticos para o avanço da biologia e biotecnologia. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar e identificar os micro-organismos isolados de frutos de cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiforum) que apresentaram produção de pigmentos; analisar os pigmentos obtidos por meio da técnica de Cromatografia em Camada Delgada de Sílica Gel, Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência e Ressonância Magnética Nuclear; avaliar o potencial para consumo humano dos pigmentos obtidos realizando ensaios de citotoxicidade; caracterizar os isolados produtores quanto ao seu potencial para a produção de micotoxinas; e caracterizar os pigmentos obtidos em relação à presença de atividade antioxidante. Foram obtidos 207 fungos filamentosos de frutos de T. grandiflorum, destes 85 apresentaram potencial para a produção de pigmentos. Em análise morfologica e molecular, 17 foram identificados taxonomicamente como Penicillium purpurogenum, todos produtores de um pigmento vermelho extracelular. O pigmento obtido foi produzido pelos isolados em curto período de incubação, na ausência ou presença de luz, em temperatura ambiente e incubação meio BDA. Os ensaios de estabilidade realizados demonstraram que o pigmento possui alta estabilidade em relação a mudanças de temperatura, pH e luminosidade, inclusive em condições extremas como congelamento, liofilização e aquecimento em forno de micro-ondas. Os bioensaios realizados demonstraram que o pigmento não possui atividade antibiótica para os micro-organismos testadores (Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi e Candida albicas), assim como também não apresentou citotoxicidade para Artemia salina. Observou-se que a fração butanólica do extrato apresentou atividade antioxidante. As análises cromatográficas e espectrométricas realizadas indicam que este pigmento seja da família das antraquinonas. Faz-se necessário nova purificação do pigmento e que as análises em CLAE e RMN sejam refeitas para obter-se a determinação estrutural da molécula. Os resultados obtidos com o pigmento vermelho demonstram que este apresenta um grande potencial para sua utilização como colorante de cosméticos e alimentos, pois possui estabilidade química, solubilidade em água, atividade antioxidante, produção em um curto espaço de tempo e não possui toxicidade. Estas análises forneceram subsídios para confirmar a viabilidade de fontes naturais produtoras de pigmentos, contribuindo efetivamente com o avanço na utilização de tecnologias apropriadas para aquisição de novas fontes de compostos naturais com pouco ou sem nenhum impacto ambiental.

Submitted by Rosangela Silva (rosangela.silva3@unioeste.br) on 2018-05-24T14:48:48Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Ana Carolina Feil Kmetzski.pdf: 812447 bytes, checksum: 2d488034b2c65ee35de1c24cddd5d26d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-24T14:48:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Ana Carolina Feil Kmetzski.pdf: 812447 bytes, checksum: 2d488034b2c65ee35de1c24cddd5d26d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-02 / The pulp and paper industry is a globally expanding segment. Focusing on economic profitability and environmental preservation, the paper industry has been looking for viable alternatives to enhance the Kraft process. The chlorine bleaching conventional method, although highly efficient, causes environmental pollution due to the discharge of organochlorine compounds into effluents. The use of enzymes microorganisms, especially xylanases, has emerged as a promising alternative for the bleaching processes. These enzymes could considerably help reduce environmental pollution, reducing the use of organochlorine compounds, which acts as a bleaching chemical for pulps and causes the formation of organochlorine residual compounds, which are extremely harmful to the environment and give the pulp industry one of the most polluting. Therefore, studies that provide the use of enzymatic processes in the Kraft pulp bleaching stage by the industry will always be relevant, mainly in order to reduce the discharge of contaminating material into effluents. In this context, this review will discuss the characteristics of the constitution of the raw material for the pulp kraft paper industry, as well as the enzymatic properties of fungal xylanases cellulase-free tested on cellulose pulps, kraft and waste straw, which have potential for future use by paper industry. / A indústria de papel e celulose é um segmento em ampla expansão mundial. Com foco na rentabilidade econômica e preservação ambiental, a indústria papeleira tem buscado alternativas viáveis para aprimorar a etapa do processo da polpa Kraft. O método convencional de branqueamento da polpa com cloro, embora altamente eficiente, causa poluição ambiental devido à descarga de compostos organoclorados em efluentes. A utilização de enzimas de micro-organismos, em especial as xilanases, têm surgido como uma alternativa promissora para o processo de branqueamento da polpa Kraft. Essas enzimas podem auxiliar consideravelmente na redução da poluição ambiental, com diminuição da utilização de compostos organoclorados, que atuam como agentes químicos branqueadores das polpas e ocasionam a formação de compostos residuais que são extremamente prejudiciais ao meio ambiente e conferem às indústrias de celulose a condição de ser uma das mais poluidoras. Em razão disso, estudos que proporcionam o uso de processos enzimáticos na cadeia de branqueamento da polpa Kraft pela indústria serão sempre relevantes, principalmente com o intuito de reduzir a descarga de material contaminante em efluentes. Dentro desse contexto, essa revisão abordará sobre as características da constituição da matéria-prima para obtenção da polpa celulose pela indústria papeleira, bem como, as propriedades enzimáticas das xilanases fúngicas isentas de celulases testadas em polpas de celulose, kraft e palhas de resíduos que apresentam potencial para uso futuro pelas indústrias papeleiras.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T12:56:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Diogo pdf.pdf: 2699953 bytes, checksum: 09315b0edaa52c24cb3e4ee84d5626e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-20 / The Tiquira is a distilled alcoholic beverage prepared from the saccharification and subsequent fermentation of cassava. The processes of saccharification and fermentation are performed by micro-organisms that grow naturally in beijus exposed to the environment. The growth of these micro-organisms occurs over a period of approximately 8 days and as many strains are collected, the process yield and the quality of distillate are compromised. The objective is therefore to improve the quality of spirit cassava (Tiquira) produced in the state of Maranhão through the identification and selection of the best micro-organisms and fermentation and saccarifiying employed in artisanal process. The selected strains were subjected to studies, which identified the presence of filamentous fungi, bacteria and yeast. We identified three (3) species of filamentous fungi: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Rhizopus oryzae, which were tested before their power of sporulation in different culture media at 30oC, and the SDA medium provided the best composition for obtaining the fungal growth more quickly. Samples of R.oryzae, A.niger and A.flavus previously shown to be the best producers were selected for testing enzymatic saccharification of starch to evaluate and confirm the ability of conversion to glucose. The strain R. oryzae reached a conversion value of 78.02% on average using a standard temperature of 30oC, amount of 5.5 x 107 spores, pH 5 and 50g/l of soluble starch, giving a greater yield of saccharification, followed by A.flavus 71.55%, A.niger 57.17% and mixture of spores 48,02%. Therefore, it is evident that the use of filamentous micro-organisms native becomes an option for use in starch saccharification samples. / A Tiquira é uma bebida alcoólica destilada e preparada a partir da sacarificação e posterior fermentação da mandioca. Os processos de sacarificação e fermentação são realizados por micro-organismos que se desenvolvem naturalmente nos beijus expostos ao meio ambiente. O crescimento desses micro-organismos ocorre por um período aproximado de 8 dias e, como são diversas as linhagens coletadas, o rendimento do processo bem como a qualidade do destilado ficam comprometidos. O objetivo deste trabalho é, portanto, o de contribuir para a obtenção de uma maior qualidade da aguardente de mandioca (Tiquira) produzida no estado do Maranhão através da identificação e seleção dos melhores micro-organismos sacarificantes e fermentativos empregados no processo artesanal. As cepas selecionadas foram submetidas a estudos, onde identificamos a presença de fungos filamentosos, bactérias e uma levedura. Foram identificadas 3 (três) espécies de fungos filamentosos: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus e Rhizopus oryzae, os quais foram testados perante o seu poder de esporulação em diferentes meios de cultura a 30oC, tendo o meio SDA (Saboroud Dextrose Ágar) fornecido a melhor composição para o obtenção do crescimento dos fungos mais rapidamente. As amostras de R. oryzae, A. niger, A. flavus e a mistura destes esporos, que previamente mostraram ser melhores produtoras enzimáticas foram selecionadas para testes de sacarificação do amido para avaliar e confirmar a capacidade de conversão à glicose. A cepa R. oryzae alcançou um valor de conversão de 78,02% em média utilizando-se uma temperatura padrão de 30oC, quantidade de esporos 5,5 x 107, pH 5 e 50g/l de amido solúvel, obtendo o maior rendimento de sacarificação, seguida pelo A. flavus 71,55% , A. niger 57,17% e mistura dos esporos 48,02%. Portanto, evidencia-se que a utilização de micro-organismos filamentosos autóctones torna-se uma opção para uso em sacarificação de amostras amiláceas.

Os fungos filamentosos são utilizados em larga escala na produção de produtos biotecnológicos na indústria devido a sua versatilidade e um dos exemplos são as peptidases que representam uma das principais classes de enzimas hidrolíticas. As peptidases são hidrolases que catalisam a quebra das ligações peptídicas das proteínas e que nos microrganismos são responsáveis por funções fisiológicas e patológicas, além de ter muitas aplicações em diversos campos industriais. Neste estudo foram analisados diferentes bioprocessos fermentativos para produção de peptidases pelo fungo Aspergillus terreus. Este microrganismo foi capaz de produzir peptidases em ambos os bioprocessos, sólido ou submerso, obtendo melhor performance e o pico de produção no bioprocesso fermentativo sólido de valor 677U/mL, nas condições 5g de farelo de trigo, 72 horas, 30°C e 75% de umidade. Utilizando o bioprocesso fermentativo submerso também obtivemos resultados satisfatórios com pico de atividade de 360U/mL, nas condições de meio padrão suplementado com Caseína 0,5%, 72 horas e 35°C. A caracterização bioquímica parcial dos extratos dos dois bioprocessos mostrou semelhanças entre algumas características das enzimas produzidas como a faixa extensa de pH ótimo abrangendo regiões ácidas, neutra e alcalinas, temperatura ótima pontual de 55°C e perfil de inibição pelo PMSF e EDTA. Contudo, os perfis de estabilidade (pH e temperatura) e comportamento frente a adição de íons apresentaram respostas diferentes entre si, o que sugere a produção de enzimas diferentes produzidas pelo mesmo fungo em meios distintos. A microencapsulação por Spray Drying como processo de estabilização foi satisfatória obtendo rendimentos de 37,5-58,2% e com níveis acima de 50% de atividade enzimática. Em contrapartida, a imobilização enzimática demonstrou ser eficaz na etapa de ligação ao suporte, mas não foi capaz de estabilizar a enzima presente no extrato, o que ficou caracterizado pela perda de atividade proteolítica. / Filamentous fungi are extensively used in the production of biotechnological products in industry because of their versatility and one of the examples are peptidases which constitute a major class of hydrolytic enzymes. The peptidases are hydrolases which catalyze the cleavage of peptide bonds of proteins and microorganisms that are responsible for the physiological and pathological roles, in addition to having many applications in various industrial fields. This study evaluated various bioprocesses for fermentative production of peptidases by the fungus Aspergillus terreus. This microorganism was able to produce peptidase in both bioprocess, solid or submerged, achieving better performance in the solid bioprocess with peak of production of 677U/mL under the conditions 5g wheat bran, 72 hours, 30°C and 75% humidity . Using submerged fermentation bioprocess we also obtained satisfactory results with peak of activity of 360U/mL with conditions of standard medium supplemented with 0.5% casein, 72 hours and 35°C. Biochemical characterization of the two partial purified extracts showed similarities between some characteristics of the enzymes produced, as large optimum pH range spanning regions acidic, neutral and alkaline point temperature optimum of 55 ° C and the inhibition profile of PMSF and EDTA. However, the stability profiles (pH and temperature) and behavior in addition ions showed different responses to each extract, which suggests the production of different enzymes in different ways. Microencapsulation by Spray Drying and stabilization process was obtaining satisfactory yields of 37.5 to 58.2%, with levels above 50% of enzyme activity. In contrast, the enzyme immobilization step was effective in bonding the support, but was not able to stabilize the enzyme present in the extract, which was characterized by the loss of proteolytic activity

A pesquisa de linhagens com duplicação cromossômica, como a linhagem A de Aspergillus nidulans, teve oseu início no final da década de 1970. Durante este período foram isolados da linhagem A, diversos variantes deteriorados, que foram caracterizados genética e citologicamente. Neste trabalho de pesquisa, as analises genéticas demonstraram que os determinantes de deterioração ou segmentos de inserção de V5, V101, V102, V103 e V104 estão localizados nos grupos de ligação VIII, III, IV, VII e I respectivamente. As análises citogenéticas revelaram diversas alterações no ciclo celular e migração nucleares nas fases iniciais de desenvolvimento. A duplicação cromossômica da linhagem A e os variantes deteriorados foram investigados a nível molecular, por técnica de PCR. Os resultados mostraram que o segmento de inserção consiste de um provável Elemento de Transposição, denominado de MATE, o qual é característico do fungo Aspergillus nidulans. Os segmentos de inserção analisados apresentam características típicas de MATE, como o motivo “Spe” que é encontrado por toda seqüência dos Elementos MATE. / The research with chromosome duplication strains, as strain A of Aspergillus nidulans, began during the 70's, with isolation of several deteriorates variants of strain A and characterization by genetic and cytological analysis. In this work the genetic analysis has demonstrated that the deterioration determinant or insertion sequence in V5, V101, V102, V103 and V104 deteriorates variants are located in the linkages groups VIII, III, IV, VII and I, respectively. The cytological analyses have demonstrated changes in cellular cycle and nuclear migration in initial phases of development. The chromosome duplication of strain A and the deteriorated variants were investigated by PCR with designed primers to mobile elements, what have resulted in the identification of the transposable element MATE, mainly by great similarity with "Spe" motif sequence that is described as essential in activity of these elements.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-01-10T10:37:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 anacristinacapelupimendes.pdf: 1977487 bytes, checksum: 25f7b78abcedf5b1f10fe8710aebbc3e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-01-31T11:21:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 anacristinacapelupimendes.pdf: 1977487 bytes, checksum: 25f7b78abcedf5b1f10fe8710aebbc3e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-31T11:21:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 anacristinacapelupimendes.pdf: 1977487 bytes, checksum: 25f7b78abcedf5b1f10fe8710aebbc3e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-31 / A contaminação de produtos alimentícios e medicinais pode ocorrer desde o cultivo até a estocagem, principalmente quando não existe controle das condições que favorecem o crescimento fúngico. O fungo Aspergillus carbonarius causa a deterioração dos produtos, além de produzir ocratoxina A, potencialmente carcinogênica e nefrotóxica. O aumento de cepas resistentes aos antifúngicos sintéticos além da diversidade de ações biológicas relacionadas às espécies vegetais Rosmarinus officinallis L. e Piper aduncum L. estimula as pesquisas científicas por novos antimicrobianos. Considerando o aumento da exposição aos agentes fúngicos, devido ao crescimento do consumo de produtos in natura, e a alta incidência de ocratoxina A, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a ação antifúngica e antiocratoxigênica dos óleos essenciais de R. officinallis L. e P.aduncum L. sobre o fungo Aspergillus carbonarius CDCA 0126. Os óleos essenciais foram obtidos por hidrodestilação e o perfil químico determinado por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas. O efeito inibitório dos óleos essenciais sobre os isolados fúngicos foi determinado pela associação dos métodos da difusão em disco e diluição em ágar e quantificação de ocratoxina por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. Foram identificados como compostos majoritários verbenona (24,61%), geraniol (17,55%) e 1,8 cineol (11,26%) e no óleo de P.aduncum L., piperitona (28,17%) e limoneno (10,42%). Os ensaios in vitro demonstraram a efetividade dos óleos na inibição do crescimento fúngico. O óleo essencial de R.officinallis L. reduziu em 94,36% a produção da ocratoxina A, sendo que o óleo de P.aduncum L. inibiu totalmente a produção. Os resultados deste trabalho indicam que os óleos essenciais avaliados representam uma alternativa promissora no controle do crescimento A. carbonarius e na produção de ocratoxina A. / The contamination of food and medicinal products plants, can occur from cultivation to storage, especially when there is no control of the conditions that favor fungal growth. The fungus Aspergillus carbonarius causes deterioration of products, in addition to producing ochratoxin A, a potentially carcinogenic and nephrotoxic. The increase of synthetic antifungal resistant strains beyond the diversity of biological actions related to Rosmarinus officinalis L. plant species and Piper aduncum L. encourages scientific research for new antimicrobials. Considering the increased exposure to fungal agents, due to elevation consumption of fresh products and the high incidence of ochratoxin A, this study aimed to evaluate the antifungal action and antiochratoxigenic property of essential oils R.officinallis L. and P. aduncum L. on the fungus Aspergillus carbonarius CDCA 0126. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and the chemical profile determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The inhibitory effect of essential oils on the fungal isolate was determined by the association of disk diffusion and agar dilution methods and the quantification of ochratoxin A released by high-performance liquid chromatography. They were identified as major compounds verbenone (24.61%), geraniol (17.55%) and 1,8 cineole (11.26%) in R.officinallis L. essential oil and piperitone (28.17%) and (10.42%) P.aduncum L.. In vitro assays demonstrated the effectiveness of oil in the inhibition of fungal growth. The essential oil R.officinallis L. reduced the 94.36% the production of ochratoxin A, whereas the oil P.aduncum L. completely inhibited production. These results indicate that the evaluated essential oils represent a promising alternative for the control of A. carbonarius growth and production of ochratoxin A.

The activated sludge process comprises a complex and enriched culture of a mixture of generalist and specialist organisms. The lack of knowledge on species diversity of microbial communities is due to the simplicity of bacterial morphology and the phenotypic characters, and the unculturable portion of microbial cells in natural habitats. Although a wide range of bacteria can be isolated using conventional microbiological techniques of sample dilution and spread plate inoculation, many well-known activated sludge bacteria can not be isolated using them. The individual microbial cells in activated sludge grow in aggregates that consist of floc-forming organisms together with filamentous microorganisms that form the backbone of the activated sludge floes. Overgrowth of these filamentous microorganisms often causes settling problems called bulking and foaming. These problems consist of slow settling, poor compaction of solids and foam overflow into the effluent. Although methods for the isolation of filamentous bacteria from mixed liquor samples have been investigated, the attempts have been largely unsuccessful. In this study we investigated bulking and foaming activated sludge to identify the dominant filamentous organisms using microscopy and molecular techniques. Using microscopy, the dominant filament associated with the foaming sample was "Microthrix parvicella" and in the bulking sample was Nocardia spp. The foaming sample was investigated using molecular techniques that involved 165 rDNA sequencing. Although some of the clones isolated from the sludge foam were associated with filamentous bacteria causing foam, no positive identification could be made. In the part of the study that was conducted in Australia, a rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probe was designed for the identification of a filamentous organism occurring in activated sludge foam. This organism resembled Eikelboom Type 0041 and was classified in the candidate bacterial division TM7. The discrepancy that the sequence data did not indicate the dominant filamentous organisms observed by microscopy, highlights the fact that natural microbial communities need to be studied using a combination of techniques since none of the techniques available are sufficient to determine the complete community structure of complex communities such as activated sludge. / Dissertation (MSc (Microbiology))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Microbiology and Plant Pathology / unrestricted

A significant by-product of bioethanol plants is whole stillage, commonly used to produce animal feed due to its nutritious value, has a potential to be used to produce various value-added products while eliminating a costly process step is an alternative approach. In this study, production and separation of additional ethanol, fungal biomass and enzyme were successfully achieved with the cultivation in membrane bioreactors in batch process condition. Process optimization studies regarding fermentation and filtration conditions were carried out. Up to 10.4 g/l ethanol per litre of used whole stillage can be produced in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) condition without any pH adjustment and additional pretreatment step. Also, 50% diluted whole stillage provided 87% higher ethanol production comparing to non-diluted medium. Moreover, 71 % higher biomass production was obtained with the filtrate of 50% diluted whole stillage comparing to 25% diluted one. Considering the achieved results, a two-stage cultivation using SHF (Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation) strategy in membrane bioreactors for separation of ethanol, lignin-rich stream, protein-rich fungal biomass and enzymes was proposed. The present thesis showed that the integration of filamentous fungi with membrane bioreactors can increase the range of products that can be produced from whole stillage.

Aspergillus niger DSM 26641 was exposed to 60Co g-radiation to enhance the b-1,4-endoxylanase activity, restrict colony growth and improve robustness of pellets. The first promising mutant obtained after g-radiation of the fungal spores at 50-2000 Gy showed a restricted colony growth and an 82% enhancement in b-1,4-endoxylanase activity. The mutant was subjected to a second round of g-radiation at 1400 Gy generating a mutant with double the b-1,4-endoxylanase activity compared to the native strain. The selected final mutant, deposited as Aspergillus niger DSM 28712, showed a maximal saccharification activity of 26 U·ml-1 on xylan based broth, 48 U·ml-1 on lignocellulose hydrolysate and 375 U·ml-1 on lignocellulose hydrolysate supplemented with yeast extract and mineral salts.

This project combines nonwoven technology, biological technology and food waste management and seeks for this feasibility to use fungal microfiber (FM) as a binder for lyocell pro-duction and the characterizations for possible applications. Rhizopus delemar was cultivated apple pomace in liquid-state fermentation to obtain mycelia biomass. The biomass was later blended in a kitchen blender for one minute. The blended FM was later mixed with 6 mm lyocell fibre at different FM dry weight percentage and water to make nonwoven webs by wet-laid method. The feasibility of using fungal microfiber as a binder for lyocell nonwovens was confirmed in this study. It is not possible to make nonwoven webs using lyocell short fibre without any binder applied. With 5%_FM, the tensile strength of lyocell nonwoven webs reached 0.0989 MPa. A clear increasing tensile strength was recorded as the increasing of FM weight per-centage and resulted a highest tensile strength at 9.38 MPa when applying 60%_FM. The re-sult of water contact angle proved that the increasing FM could decrease the hydrophobicity of nonwoven samples. Abrasion test showed that FM could improve the abrasion resistance of the lyocell nonwoven samples. Porosity test showed that lyocell nonwoven samples with a higher FM ended up with smaller mean flow pore size diameter (MFP) that nonwoven samples with 65%_FM has an average MFP at 7.26 m m. The SEM images reviled that FM bonded nonwoven webs had a fibrous structure, which is due to binding effect of fungal microfiber on lyocell short fibers. These characterizations have demonstrated the mechanism of using fungal microfiber as a binder for lyocell nonwovens in this project. In this thesis project, FM bonded lyocell nonwoven webs showed a great potential on the application of nonwoven applications such as interior materials or filtration materials.