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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Imperialismo e o capitalismo monopolista dependente no Brasil

Silva, Cristiano Monteiro da 28 April 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:58:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiano Monteiro da Silva.pdf: 1497290 bytes, checksum: d67f14f6f983161df5e9c57d31028890 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / From the crisis of the post-war boom, the dominant group of imperialist countries faced many contradictions in international relations. The election of Margaret Thatcher (1979), in England, and Ronald Reagan (1980), in United States marked the beginning of a new political strategy. Liberalism was presented by the dominant group as the strategic solution for the contradictions of capitalism. The internationalization of financial capital has led to changes in economic, social, political and ideological order in many regions of the world. In case of Brazil, the internationalization of financial capital in recent years caused a broad process of centralization of capital. In accordance with strictly economical terms, noted that there was not substantial investment rate. This study aims to analyze relations between the internationalization of financial capital, in the context of the structural crisis of capital in the middle of 70 years, and the process of centralization of capital, observed on the Brazilian economy, especially in the 1990s. For both, using original theoretical sense of categories of Marxist theory of imperialism that explain the capitalist from their breeding social relations and politics, under the vision of middle class organization of monopolies, and about the world system of exploratory nature States. The central hypothesis is that the Brazilian economy is experiencing a structural situation of dependent monopolistic capitalism, on which the capitalist accumulation leans against tendencies, with highlight to centralization of capitals / A partir da crise do Boom do Pós Guerra, o grupo dominante dos países imperialistas passou a enfrentar muitas contradições no plano das relações internacionais. As eleições de Margaret Thatcher (1979), na Inglaterra, e Ronald Reagan (1980), nos Estados Unidos, marcaram o início de uma nova estratégia política. O neoliberalismo foi apresentado pelo grupo dominante como a solução estratégica para as contradições do capitalismo. A internacionalização do capital financeiro provocou mudanças na ordem econômica, social, política e ideológica em vários cantos do mundo. No caso brasileiro, a internacionalização do capital financeiro ocorrida nos últimos anos provocou um amplo processo de centralização de capitais. Em termos estritamente econômicos, nota-se que não houve um crescimento substancial da taxa de investimento. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo central analisar as relações entre a internacionalização do capital financeiro, no contexto da crise estrutural do capital verificada em meados da década de 70, e o processo de centralização de capitais, observado na economia brasileira, sobretudo a partir dos anos 90. Para tanto, faz-se uso do sentido original das categorias da teoria marxista clássica do imperialismo que explica a reprodução capitalista partindo de suas relações sociais e políticas, sob a ótica da organização burguesa dos monopólios, e a montagem de um sistema mundial de Estados de caráter exploratório. A hipótese central é que a economia brasileira vive uma situação estrutural de capitalismo monopolista dependente, na qual a acumulação capitalista apóia-se em contratendências, com destaque maior para as centralizações de capitais
12

Habitação social, habitação de mercado: a confluência entre Estado, empresas construtoras e capital financeiro / Social housing, market housing: the confluence of State, construction companies and financial capital

Shimbo, Lúcia Zanin 10 June 2010 (has links)
Esta tese se insere no debate sobre as dinâmicas da produção e da política de habitação social no Brasil. Mais especificamente, trata da confluência recente entre Estado, mercado imobiliário e capital financeiro, que acabou por ampliar a demanda por moradia atendida por grandes empresas construtoras e incorporadoras e, ao mesmo tempo, por contemplar uma determinada fatia do público-alvo da política habitacional. Essa política é aqui compreendida não apenas pelo desenho institucional dos programas habitacionais, mas numa perspectiva analítica que põe em relevo o olhar e a atuação do mercado imobiliário sobre a própria política. Seu objetivo é duplo e requisitou abordagens metodológicas específicas para cada um deles. De um lado, busco compreender os processos que levaram ao crescimento exponencial de um tipo específico de produção habitacional, promovida por grandes empresas construtoras e incorporadoras que abriram seu capital, voltada para imóveis residenciais com valores até duzentos mil reais e para uma faixa da população com renda familiar de até dez salários mínimos. Trata-se do \"segmento econômico\", assim considerado pelo mercado, ou da \"habitação social de mercado\", como denomino nesta tese. Recorri a uma pesquisa documental e quantitativa a fim de analisar tanto os mecanismos regulatórios e institucionais promovidos pelo Estado, desde meados da década de 1990, quanto a aproximação de empresas do setor imobiliário e da construção civil ao mercado de capitais, a partir dos anos 2000. De outro lado, procuro compreender como se operacionaliza e se configura esse tipo de produção a partir de uma pesquisa de caráter etnográfico numa empresa, que chamei de Empresa Construtora Pesquisada (ECP), tomada como objeto heurístico da confluência entre Estado, mercado imobiliário e capital financeiro. Entre 2006 e 2008, essa empresa foi capaz de octuplicar a produção de unidades habitacionais padronizadas, multiplicando por treze o valor de seu lucro líquido. Para tanto, sua produção apresenta um diferencial que busquei apreender desde o trabalho no canteiro de obras até suas relações com o Estado e capital financeiro, passando pelo papel da arquitetura e da tecnologia. / This thesis contributes to the debate on the dynamics of production and of social housing policy in Brazil. More specifically, it analyses the recent confluence of state, real estate and finance capital that ultimately increased the demand for housing covered by large construction companies and developers and that, at the same time, met a particular fraction of the target public of housing policy. This policy is here understood not only by the institutional structure of housing programs, but within an analytical perspective that emphasizes the point of view and performance of the property market on the policy itself. Its goal is twofold and required specific methodological approaches to each one. On the first hand, I try to understand the processes that led to the exponential growth of a specific type of housing production, promoted by major construction companies and developers that have opened their capital, focused on residential properties with values up to two hundred thousand reais and for a population range with monthly income of up to ten minimum wages. This is the \"low-income segment\", as considered by the market, or the \"social market housing\" as I call in this thesis. I used a quantitative research to examine the regulatory and institutional mechanisms promoted by the State since the mid-1990s, and also the attempts to close the gap between the construction companies and developers and capital market from the 2000s. On the other hand, I try to understand how this type of production operates from an ethnographic study of a company, that I have called \"Empresa Construtora Pesquisada\" (ECP), taken as a heuristic object of the confluence between the State, real estate and financial capital. Between 2006 and 2008, this company was able to increase eight times the standardized production of housing units and thirteen times the value of its profits. Therefore, its production has a differential that I sought to apprehend from the working on the construction site to its relations with the State and finance capital, including the role of architecture and technology.
13

A produção do espaço e as estratégias reprodutivas do capital: negócios imobiliários e financeiros em São Paulo / Production of space and the reproductive strategies of capital: real estate and financial business in São Paulo

Danilo Volochko 02 July 2007 (has links)
A pesquisa trata do processo de urbanização contemporâneo da cidade de São Paulo, tendo como foco de análise a produção do espaço através das estratégias reprodutivas do capital financeiro articuladas ao setor imobiliário. Assim, privilegiou-se uma reflexão sobre as ações econômicas que, ligadas ao plano político do Estado, fundamentam sua reprodução na produção privada do espaço residencial capitalista, cuja lógica obedece aos nexos do valor-de-troca e da valorização do solo urbano. O contexto da economia financeirizada marca uma série de novas relações entre o grande capital de origem imobiliária e as finanças, resultando em uma crescente abstração do espaço como valor financeiro, vinculado e ao mesmo tempo tendente a se autonomizar da esfera produtiva da construção civil. Assim, o setor imobiliário de ponta encontra-se cada vez mais financeirizado, seja pela utilização ampliada de instrumentos de financiamento às suas atividades, como os Fundos de Investimento Imobiliário, seja pela abertura de capital e emissão de ações em Bolsa de Valores, que impõem inclusive uma nova racionalidade para o imobiliário. Nesse processo, o setor imobiliário se capitaliza, passando a gerenciar a construção e a voltar-se principalmente aos negócios referentes à incorporação de terrenos, como base do processo de valorização do espaço. A pesquisa esteve centrada, num primeiro momento, na investigação empírica do caso particular do Fundo de Investimento Imobiliário Panamby, sendo que, num segundo momento, realizou-se uma reflexão sobre a atuação de algumas empresas do setor imobiliário na totalidade de seus investimentos/lançamentos na cidade de São Paulo, na qual buscou-se compreender as estratégias espaciais da atividade imobiliária articulada à esfera financeira e com a indústria da construção civil. Desse modo, pôde-se conhecer alguns movimentos da produção do espaço urbano através da produção capitalista do imobiliário residencial, como a estratégia da diversificação espacial dos empreendimentos. Fundamentalmente, percebeu-se que a produção lógica do espaço como valor-de-troca, através da produção capitalista, enfrenta e muitas vezes vence obstáculos vindos da prática socioespacial como elemento negativo desse processo. / The research deals with the contemporaneous urbanization process of the city of São Paulo, holding as focus of analysis the production of space through the reproductive strategies of financial capital articulated to the real estate sector. Thus, a reflection upon the economic actions that, connected to the State\'s political plan, base its reproduction upon the private production of capitalist residential space was pondered, which logic obeys the senses of trade-value and of urban land valorization. The financed economy context marks a series of new relations between the large capital deriving from real estate and the finances, resulting in a growing abstraction of the space as financial value, entailed and at the same time pending toward gaining its autonomy from the productive sphere of the civil construction. Thus, the cutting edge real estate sector is found ever further financed, whether by the widened use of financing instruments to its activities, such as the Real Estate Investment Funds, or by initial public offers and issuance of stock at Stock Exchange venues, which actually impose a new rationality to the real estate sector. In this process, the real estate sector capitalizes and starts to manage the construction and mainly prioritizes the business referent to real estate land incorporation as basis of the space valorization process. The research was centered, at first, on the empiric investigation of the particular case of the Panamby Real Estate Investment Fund, being that, on a second instance, a reflection was cast forward about the operation of some companies from the real estate sector in the totality of their investments/launches in the city of São Paulo, in which it was sought after to understand the space strategies of the real estate activity articulated with the financial sphere and with the civil construction industry. In this sense, it was possible to learn about some urban space production movements through the capitalist real estate residential production, such as the space diversification strategy of the undertakings. Fundamentally, it was perceived that the logical production of space as trade-value through capitalist production endures, and many times beats, obstacles deriving from the social-spatial practice as a negative element of that process.
14

A produção do espaço e as estratégias reprodutivas do capital: negócios imobiliários e financeiros em São Paulo / Production of space and the reproductive strategies of capital: real estate and financial business in São Paulo

Volochko, Danilo 02 July 2007 (has links)
A pesquisa trata do processo de urbanização contemporâneo da cidade de São Paulo, tendo como foco de análise a produção do espaço através das estratégias reprodutivas do capital financeiro articuladas ao setor imobiliário. Assim, privilegiou-se uma reflexão sobre as ações econômicas que, ligadas ao plano político do Estado, fundamentam sua reprodução na produção privada do espaço residencial capitalista, cuja lógica obedece aos nexos do valor-de-troca e da valorização do solo urbano. O contexto da economia financeirizada marca uma série de novas relações entre o grande capital de origem imobiliária e as finanças, resultando em uma crescente abstração do espaço como valor financeiro, vinculado e ao mesmo tempo tendente a se autonomizar da esfera produtiva da construção civil. Assim, o setor imobiliário de ponta encontra-se cada vez mais financeirizado, seja pela utilização ampliada de instrumentos de financiamento às suas atividades, como os Fundos de Investimento Imobiliário, seja pela abertura de capital e emissão de ações em Bolsa de Valores, que impõem inclusive uma nova racionalidade para o imobiliário. Nesse processo, o setor imobiliário se capitaliza, passando a gerenciar a construção e a voltar-se principalmente aos negócios referentes à incorporação de terrenos, como base do processo de valorização do espaço. A pesquisa esteve centrada, num primeiro momento, na investigação empírica do caso particular do Fundo de Investimento Imobiliário Panamby, sendo que, num segundo momento, realizou-se uma reflexão sobre a atuação de algumas empresas do setor imobiliário na totalidade de seus investimentos/lançamentos na cidade de São Paulo, na qual buscou-se compreender as estratégias espaciais da atividade imobiliária articulada à esfera financeira e com a indústria da construção civil. Desse modo, pôde-se conhecer alguns movimentos da produção do espaço urbano através da produção capitalista do imobiliário residencial, como a estratégia da diversificação espacial dos empreendimentos. Fundamentalmente, percebeu-se que a produção lógica do espaço como valor-de-troca, através da produção capitalista, enfrenta e muitas vezes vence obstáculos vindos da prática socioespacial como elemento negativo desse processo. / The research deals with the contemporaneous urbanization process of the city of São Paulo, holding as focus of analysis the production of space through the reproductive strategies of financial capital articulated to the real estate sector. Thus, a reflection upon the economic actions that, connected to the State\'s political plan, base its reproduction upon the private production of capitalist residential space was pondered, which logic obeys the senses of trade-value and of urban land valorization. The financed economy context marks a series of new relations between the large capital deriving from real estate and the finances, resulting in a growing abstraction of the space as financial value, entailed and at the same time pending toward gaining its autonomy from the productive sphere of the civil construction. Thus, the cutting edge real estate sector is found ever further financed, whether by the widened use of financing instruments to its activities, such as the Real Estate Investment Funds, or by initial public offers and issuance of stock at Stock Exchange venues, which actually impose a new rationality to the real estate sector. In this process, the real estate sector capitalizes and starts to manage the construction and mainly prioritizes the business referent to real estate land incorporation as basis of the space valorization process. The research was centered, at first, on the empiric investigation of the particular case of the Panamby Real Estate Investment Fund, being that, on a second instance, a reflection was cast forward about the operation of some companies from the real estate sector in the totality of their investments/launches in the city of São Paulo, in which it was sought after to understand the space strategies of the real estate activity articulated with the financial sphere and with the civil construction industry. In this sense, it was possible to learn about some urban space production movements through the capitalist real estate residential production, such as the space diversification strategy of the undertakings. Fundamentally, it was perceived that the logical production of space as trade-value through capitalist production endures, and many times beats, obstacles deriving from the social-spatial practice as a negative element of that process.
15

Território, finanças e land grabbing : tecnoesfera e psicoesfera na tentativa de transformação da terra agrícola em ativo financeiro e a expansão da fronteira agrícola brasileira /

Cogueto, Jaqueline Vigo. January 2019 (has links)
Orientador: Samuel Frederico / Resumo: Esta investigação trata da tentativa transformação de terras agrícolas em ativo financeiro por empresas que operam na principal região de expansão da fronteira agrícola brasileira – o MATOPIBA (acrônimo que refere-se aos estados do Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí e Bahia). A relevância dessa investigação surge da constatação dos impactos multiescalares (locais, regionais, nacionais e globais) decorrentes das empresas financeirizadas, cujas práticas estimulam o fenômeno denominado de land grabbing, um movimento acelerado de apropriação mundial e em larga escala de terras e recursos naturais por agentes financeiros e Estados Soberanos. Destaca-se que o interesse de alguns agentes em transformar a terra agrícola em ativo financeiro surge, sobretudo, após a crise financeira de 2007/2008, e decorre da busca de agentes financeiros por realizar investimentos rentáveis e seguros. Considerando que as transformações técnica e simbólica da terra são fundamentais para que estas passem a atender aos requisitos necessários para se tornar ativos financeiros passíveis de negociação e especulação no mercado financeiro, nosso objetivo foi analisar a lógica territorial de atuação das empresas financeirizadas e demonstrar o papel ativo do espaço geográfico na construção da fluidez e/ou da resistência ao capital financeiro global. Assim, nesta investigação, o MATOPIBA recebe distinta atenção por ser uma das principais regiões de interesse para o avanço das práticas do land grabbing no Brasil, devido a... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This research deals with the pretension of transformation of agricultural land into financial assets by companies operating in the main expansion region of the Brazilian agricultural frontier – MATOPIBA (acronym referring to the states of Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí and Bahia). The relevance of this investigation emerges from the finding of multiscale impacts (local, regional, national and global) arising from financialized companies, whose practices stimulate the phenomenon called land grabbing, an accelerated movement of global and large-scale appropriation of land and natural resources by financial agents and sovereign states. It is noteworthy that the interest of some agents in turning agricultural land into a financial asset rises mainly after the financial crisis of 2007/2008, and stems from the search for financial agents to make profitable and secure investments. Considering that the technical and symbolic transformations of the land are fundamental for them to meet the necessary requirements to become financial assets that can be traded and speculated in the financial market, our objective was to analyze the territorial logic of financial companies and to demonstrate the active role of geographic space in the construction of fluidity and / or resistance to global financial capital. Thus, in this investigation, MATOPIBA receives distinct attention because it is one of the main regions of interest for the advancement of land grabbing practices in Brazil, due to the cond... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor
16

Course selection theory and college transition seminars: an adaptation of college choice models to explain first-year students' course enrollment behavior

Graff, Curt Gerard 01 July 2011 (has links)
This dissertation examines the course-enrollment behavior of first-year students at a public Midwestern university. Using the student choice construct, modern college choice theory, and the constructs of habitus, human capital, financial capital, social capital, cultural capital, along with background variables such as gender and locus of control, a course selection theory is proposed to explain students' voluntarily enrollment in a seminar designed to assist with the academic and social transitions to college. The literature review shows numerous studies have been done examining the impacts these courses may have on first-year students' academic performance, retention, and graduation rates. In many of these studies, however, subsets of students were targeted for enrollment and participation in the seminars was not voluntary. In others, students self-select into the first-year transition seminars, raising questions about whether or not their subsequent success is attributable to their participation in these courses. Prior to this study, few, if any, studies have examined enrollment in these first-year seminars as the dependent variable and attempted to explain how various factors impact whether or not students voluntarily choose to enroll. This quantitative research looked at 7,561 first-year students enrolling in 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 and, using logistic regression, attempted to explain whether or not students chose to enroll in a transition seminar. Data was gathered from institutional offices (Admissions, Registrar, and Student Financial Aid) and through an Entering Student Survey completed by 99% of each entering cohort. Of the 52 independent variables included in the model, 17 were significant in one or more steps (or blocks) of the model. This study found that students more advantaged in their individual or family college-going resources (e.g., higher ACT-Composite scores or a higher self-evaluation of their ability to appreciate fine arts, music, and literature) are less likely to enroll in the college transition seminar than students that could be described as more disadvantaged in terms of their college-going resources (i.e., an external locus of control, receiving a Pell Grant, and less access to various forms of capital). There is also evidence that students with past experiences where they may have learned the value of community or teamwork through in- and out-of-class experiences may see the first-year transition seminar as a way to begin creating these same types of connections or communities on the college campus. The dissertation concludes with a consideration of implications for future research, theory development, and institutional policy and practice.
17

What New or Supplementary Answers can the Life Story Approach provide within the Field of Return Migration and Entrepreneurship? : - A Case Study of Ghanaian Returnees

Hansson, Magnus January 2011 (has links)
Abstract Hansson, Magnus (2011): What New or Supplementary Answers can the Life Story Approach provide within the Field of Return Migration and Entrepreneurship? A Case Study of Ghanaian Returnees. Human Geography, Advanced level, Master thesis for Master Exam in Human Geography, 15 ECTS Supervisor: Bo Malmberg Language: English Short summary Researchers have claimed that return migrants from developing countries have great potential to influence the development process in terms of economic growth and poverty lessening. The primary aim of this thesis is, to provide new or additional information regarding why some Ghanaian returnees fail to set up a micro, small or medium enterprise while some others succeed. The secondary aim is to explain which capital gained abroad is of significant importance for Ghanaian return migrants’ success in setting up a business. For carrying out the research purposes, life story interviews with Ghanaian returnees who are running a business have been carried out in Ghana. Interviews with experts within the field of migration have been carried out as well as a literature review of the topic. Theories related to return migration reviewed in this thesis are, New economics of labour migration and the Structural approach, Transnationalism and the Social network theory, the Human capital theory and the Financial capital theory. The results showed that explanations for outcomes of returnees’ entrepreneurial activities are very complex and can be explained by many variables. Findings from the field research shows that social as well as human capital is more important than financial capital for Ghanaian returnees when setting up a business.
18

Contribution of local-level trade in non timber forest products to rural development in Rashad locality of Nuba Mountains, Sudan

Omar Adam Gumaa, Yahia 03 August 2011 (has links) (PDF)
The principal aim of the study was to investigate the extent and under which conditions does local-level trade in Adansonia digitata, Ziziphus spina-christi and Balanites aegyptiaca fruits contribute to rural development- poverty alleviation- in Rashad of Nuba Mountains, Sudan. Purposive sampling technique was applied to select the 221 household collectors and 62 household traders in 2008/2009. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through several methods including interviews, household survey, market surveys, direct observations, and through literature review. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to analyze the production-to-consumption system (PCS) of the three products and to assess their contribution to household income and expenditure. The results indicate that the contribution to total household‟s income was 51%, 42% and 26% for A. digitata, Z. spina-christi and B. aegyptiaca fruits, respectively. The A. digitata fruits case study represents accumulative and subsistence livelihood strategies; while Z. spina-christi and B. aegyptiaca fruits case studies represent a subsistence livelihood strategy for the households. The results also show that the financial returns from local-level trade in the selected NTFPs were negatively affected by different factors related to products markets, base resource, participants‟ attributes, and the political environment under which the products are traded. The study concluded that any assumption regarding the potential of the NTFPs case studies to affect rural development positively depends on the role of the product in financial capital creation and the related accumulative strategy. Thus, attention paid to not assume that all NTFPs have a potential for rural development- push people out of poverty. To promote the local-level trade in the studied NTFPs and influence future direction of their financial returns toward accumulative strategy, interventions and supports (e.g. access to microfinance, capacity building and organization of the actors, market information and resource management) are important. / Das Hauptziel der Studie bestand darin zu untersuchen, in welchem Maße und unter welchen Bedingungen der Handel mit Früchten von Adansonia digitata, Ziziphus spina-christi und Balanites aegyptiaca zur Armutsbekämpfung in Rashad im Gebirge Nuba Mountains, Sudan beiträgt. Das zielgerichtete Probenahmeverfahren wurde eingesetzt, um 221 Sammler und 62 Händler von Haushalten im Zeitraum 2008/2009 auszuwählen. Quantitative und qualitative Daten wurden durch mehrere Methoden erhoben, die Interviews, Haushaltserhebungen, direkte Beobachtungen sowie Literaturanalysen umfassen. Sowohl quantitative als auch qualitative Methoden kamen zum Einsatz, um das System von der Produktion zur Konsumption der drei Produkte zu analysieren und deren Beitrag zu den Einnahmen und Ausgaben der Haushalte zu beurteilen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Beitrag zum Haushaltsgesamteinkommen 51%, 42% bzw. 26% für A. digitata, Z. spina-christi bzw. B. aegyptiaca Früchte betrug. Die A. digitata Früchte-Fallstudie zeigt akkumulations- und eigenbedarfsorientierte Lebensunterhalts- und Erwerbsstrategien; während die Fallstudien zu den Früchten von Z. spina-christi und B. aegyptiaca eine Eigenbedarfs-Lebensunterhaltsstrategie für die Haushalte darstellen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen auch, dass die finanzielle Rendite vom Handel auf lokaler Ebene mit ausgewählten NTFP„s (Nichtholzprodukten) durch verschiedene Faktoren negativ beeinflusst wurde, die in Beziehung stehen mit den Märkten für die Erzeugnisse, mit der Ressource Baum, den Einstellungen der Teilnehmer und dem politischen Umfeld, in welchem die Produkte gehandelt wurden. Die Untersuchung legt den Schluss nahe, dass jede Annahme bezüglich des Potentials von NTFP-Fallstudien, die ländliche Entwicklung positiv zu beeinflussen, von der Rolle des Produkts bei der Bildung von Finanzkapital und der damit in Beziehung stehenden akkumulativen Strategie abhängig ist. Somit wird die Aufmerksamkeit darauf gelenkt, dass nicht angenommen werden kann, dass alle NTFP„s ein Potenzial für die ländliche Entwicklung haben, und somit die Menschen aus der Armut herausführen. Den Handel der untersuchten NTFP‟s auf lokaler Ebene zu fördern, und die künftige Richtung des finanziellen Gewinns hinsichtlich akkumulativer Strategie, Interventionen und Hilfeleistungen (z.B. Zugang zu Mikrofinanzen, Kapazitätsaufbau und Organisation von Akteuren, Marktinformationen und Ressourcenmanagement) zu beeinflussen, ist bedeutsam.
19

Crise do capital e reordenamento político-econômico: o fim de Bretton Woods e o esgotamento do "milagre" brasileiro / Capital crisis and political-economic reorganization: the end of Bretton Woods and the exhaustion of the brazilian "miracle"

Batista, Francieli Martins [UNESP] 31 August 2018 (has links)
Submitted by FRANCIELI MARTINS BATISTA (franci_martins@hotmail.com) on 2018-10-01T13:16:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VF_francieli martins batista.pdf: 1619431 bytes, checksum: d385f7619ad6b0c65884b9880476fe25 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Satie Tagara (satie@marilia.unesp.br) on 2018-10-01T14:38:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 batista_fm_me_mar.pdf: 1619431 bytes, checksum: d385f7619ad6b0c65884b9880476fe25 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-01T14:38:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 batista_fm_me_mar.pdf: 1619431 bytes, checksum: d385f7619ad6b0c65884b9880476fe25 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a crise do “milagre” no Brasil e a relação estabelecida no contexto internacional marcada pela crise de Bretton Woods. O período discutido diz respeito à trajetória da ditadura militar brasileira, entre os anos 1964 e meados da década de 1980. Observamos que as transformações ocorridas a partir da ascensão dos militares ao poder representaram um ponto de inflexão na organização política e econômica do país. As relações entre Estado e sociedade se redefiniram e foram marcadas pelo aprofundamento da autocracia burguesa dado, a destituição da institucionalidade liberal-democrática. Nesse bojo, o projeto de desenvolvimento encetado neste momento esteve amparado sob uma significativa reestruturação do sistema financeiro do país voltada para a entrada de capitais externos e, sobretudo, por medidas que ensejavam facilitar a tomada de empréstimos no mercado internacional, evidenciando novas facetas do padrão de financiamento do Brasil. O arranjo econômico encetado, acomodava-se às vicissitudes da economia internacional uma vez que, a reprodução ampliada do capital deslocava-se, cada vez mais, para a esfera financeira. Esse processo resultou em um crescimento extraordinário do país alcançado no limiar dos anos de 1960, o chamado “milagre” econômico. Entendemos, deste modo, que o bloco histórico capitaneado pelo regime militar se deu em razão do capital monopolista, cuja a fração financeira assumiu a preponderância na reprodução capitalista no Brasil. O fenômeno delineado nos permite alcançar as razões que levaram à crise do “milagre” e o intrínseco vínculo com as transformações postas à nível internacional, sucedidas pela crise de Bretton Woods e o avanço da dominação do capital financeiro. Do mesmo modo, é possível observar a notável agudização da dependência do país, subordinado à lógica de acumulação financeira. / This dissertation aims to analyze the crisis of the "miracle" in Brazil and its established the relation in the international context marked by the Bretton Woods crisis. The period under discussion concerns the trajectory of the Brazilian military dictatorship between 1964 and the mid-1980s. We observed that the transformations that occurred from the rise of the military to power represented a turning point in the political and economic organization of the country. The relations between State and society were redefined and marked by the deepening of bourgeois autocracy given the destructionof liberal-democratic institutionality. In this context, the development project lauched at that moment was supported by a significant restructuring of the country's financial system aimed at the inflow of foreign capital and, above all, by measures that facilitated the lowans in the international market, showing evidences of new facets of Brazil’s finacing patterns. The economic arrangement initiated was getting accommodated to the international economy vicissitudes once the enlarged reproduction of the capital was being deslocated, more and more, to the financial sphere. This process resulted in an extraordinary growth for the country that was reached at the threshold of the 1960s, which was called and reffered to as an economic "miracle". We understand, thus, that the historical block captained by the military regime was due to monopoly capital, and its financial fraction became preponderant on the capitalist reproduction in Brazil. The outlined phenomenon allows us to reach the reasons that led to the crisis of the "miracle" and the intrinsic link with the transformations set at the international level, succeeded by the Bretton Woods crisis and the advance of the domination of financial capital. In the same way, it is possible to observe the remarkable sharpening of the country's dependence, subordinated to the logic of financial accumulation.
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Capital financeiro, fundo público e políticas sociais : uma análise do lugar do gasto social no governo Lula / Financial capital, public fund and social policy: an analysis of social spending in the Lula government

Tatiana Brettas 02 September 2013 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O orçamento constitui um instrumento imprescindível para avaliarmos as prioridades de um governo e as disputas existentes entre as diferentes classes sociais no que diz respeito à apropriação dos recursos do fundo público. Neste sentido, uma aproximação cuidadosa acerca das particularidades que vêm assumindo a dinâmica de acumulação capitalista, bem como das contradições que envolvem o processo de luta e implementação das políticas sociais, parecem elementos que contribuem para nos ajudar a entender de que forma esta disputa vem acontecendo. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o lugar do gasto social no governo Lula. Para tanto, consideramos importante analisar os principais elementos da dinâmica de acumulação capitalista tendo como referência a constituição do capital financeiro e o processo de financeirização da economia; discutir a relação entre divida pública, financeirização e crise do capital; apreender as tendências da política social, buscando identificar sua configuração na atualidade; resgatar o processo de formação do Brasil para pensar o governo Lula e a dinâmica da luta de classes na atualidade; e analisar os gastos sociais do governo federal, tendo como base a metodologia desenvolvida pelo IPEA, considerando o período de 2004 a 2011. Por entendermos os gastos sociais como reflexo de um processo de correlação de forças que tem, na relação entre capital e trabalho sua dimensão fundante, esta análise não pode ter um fim em si mesma. Ao contrário, entender as particularidades da dinâmica de acumulação no tempo presente é imprescindível para apreender os movimentos do capital e sua força para fazer valer os seus interesses no enfrentamento às resistências impostas pela classe trabalhadora e desta para lutar contra seus grilhões. A atuação do Estado só pode ser entendida em meio a este terreno de luta de classes e suas decisões expressam o poder destas classes de impor suas demandas, além de trazerem consigo o traço das heranças do passado, em especial os vínculos de dependência e subalternidade aos interesses imperialistas. A ausência de ruptura com o capital que marca a ascensão do Partido dos Trabalhadores ao governo federal é permeado por contradições e a análise de seus resultados situa-se em uma série de polêmicas, muitas das quais somente um maior distanciamento histórico permitirá avaliar. Isto não significa que não seja possível empreender um esforço no sentido de identificar as mudanças em curso e levantar as contradições, os limites e as possibilidades abertas pelos mandatos do presidente Lula. De maneira geral, podemos dizer que não houve avanços estruturais significativos neste governo e que a lógica da gestão dos recursos que prioriza o pagamento da dívida pública permanece tendo sofrido alterações pontuais. Entretanto, existem algumas diferenças na composição do gasto social. Estas estão mais atreladas ao provimento de programas voltados para a população de baixa renda do que à melhoria substantiva na garantia das políticas sociais universais. De qualquer forma, seu efeito sobre a melhoria nas condições de vida e de acesso ao consumo de uma parcela da população pode ser sentido. / The budget is an essential tool for assessing the priorities of government and the disputes between the different social classes with regard to the appropriation of funds from the public fund. In this sense, a careful approach regarding the particularities that are assuming the dynamics of capitalist accumulation, as well as the contradictions involved in the process of struggle and implementation of social policies, elements that seem to contribute to help us understand how this dispute has been going . The objective of this work is to analyze the place of social spending in the Lula government. Therefore, we consider it important to analyze the main elements of the dynamics of capitalist accumulation with reference to the creation of financial capital and the process of financialization of the economy, discussing the relationship between public debt, crisis and financialisation of capital; grasp the trends of social policy, seeking identify its configuration today; rescue training process to think of Brazil Lula and the dynamics of class struggle today, and analyze the social spending of the federal government, based on the methodology developed by IPEA, considering the period 2004 to 2011. Because we understand social spending as a result of a process of correlation of forces that have, in the relationship between capital and labor founding its size, this analysis can not be an end in itself. Rather, to understand the peculiarities of the dynamics of accumulation at the present time it is essential to grasp the movement of capital and its power to enforce their interests in dealing with resistance imposed by the working class and thus to fight against his shackles. The role of the state can only be understood in the midst of this plot of class struggle and their decisions express the power of these classes to impose their demands, and bring along the trace of the legacies of the past, especially the bonds of dependency and subordination to imperialist interests. The absence of a break with the capital that marks the rise of the Labor Party to the federal government is permeated by contradictions and analysis of its results lies in a series of controversies, many of which only one will assess greater historical distance. This does not mean it is not possible to undertake an effort to identify the ongoing changes and raise the contradictions, limits and the possibilities offered by the mandates of President Lula. In general, we can say that there was no significant structural advances in this government and that the logic of resource management that prioritizes the payment of public debt remains having undergone specific changes. However, there are some differences in the composition of social spending. These are more linked to the provision of programs for low-income people than for substantive improvement in assuring universal social policies. Anyway, its effect on improving the living conditions and access to the consumption of a portion of the population can be felt.

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