Background Well-being is one of the pillars of human rights that represent a bio psychological construct including physical, mental and social health. Despite of the significant advances in the thinking of the concept of well-being, there remains a gap between the positive intentions to support migrants to integrate and the concrete actions of practitioners. There fore, it is important to investigate the association between well being factors and integration outcomes in the new hosting society. Aim This study aimed to analyse the association between well-being factors (traumatic experiences, quality of life, loneliness and educational level) and integration outcomes among Russian, Somali and Kurdish migrant women in Finland. Methods The analysed data was used from the Finnish Migrant and Well-being Study (Maamu). The study included 998 women with Russian, Somali and Kurdish background, aged between 18 to 64 years with at least one-year residence in Finland. Logistic regression analysis was applied to study the association for each well being factors with outcome variables, separately for the three research groups. Results Pre-migration traumatic events did not show significant association with integration outcomes. Factors affecting social integration such as good quality of life and education were shown to affect the integration outcomes. Conclusion Social integration and multicultural society are extremely important factors affecting the successful integration of migrant women. Social support decreases the acculturation stress which is strongly related to individual well being. Post-migration well-being factors showed stronger association with integration.

Denna uppsats handlar om vilken status det ryska språket har i dagens finska samhälle och hur den har förändrats. Undersökningen består av en förklaring av situationen i historien och idag, analys av en intervju med den finsk-ryska skådespelaren Alina Tomnikov och en analys av finska medias bild av ryskspråkiga i Finland. Resultat av undersökningen är att det ryska språkets status i det finska samhället och finländares omdöme om ryssar och ryska språket har förbättrats. Mina frågeställningar är om ryska språkets möjligheter och kunskaper i Finland och vad det innebär att vara ryskspråkig i det finska samhället. I arbetet fokuserar jag på Finlands huvudstadsområde och dess ryskhet.

The aim of the thesis is to analyze mutual business cooperation between the Czech Republic and Finland considering culture and cultural differences as an aspect with a considerable influence. Special attention is paid to the process of business negotiations. These two countries are compared on the basis of cultural dimensions by Geert Hofstede as well as on the basis of research conducted in cooperation with native Finns.

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<p>This dissertation examines the role in the migration process between Sweden and Finland of the Swedish-speaking minority group, the Finland Swedes. The causes underlying migration, as well as the integration of the group in Sweden, constitute the main focuses of the study.</p><p>It is concluded that Finland Swedes are over-represented in the total migration process from Finland to Sweden. As such, the process is culturally embedded in the group’s ethnic identity, which causes migration both through the practical minority situation in Finland, and through ethnic affinity with Sweden. Further causes include the substantial, circular networks of cultural, social and economic contacts between Sweden and Finland. </p><p>In the integration process, the transformation of the group’s ethnic identity is the central area of analysis. Initially, the ethnic affinity with Sweden is transformed into strengthened loyalties to Finland. As early as the first generation of migrants, however, the Finland Swedes enter into a process of assimilation in Sweden.</p><p>The migration process reveals the complex identity construction of the Finland Swedes. The ethnic identity is constituted of relations both towards the Finnish-speaking majority group, and towards Sweden as an extended Swedish-speaking area. The ethnic identity is mediated through national and personal identities, which are linked to both Sweden and Finland.</p><p>The findings have been produced within the methodological framework of critical realism, using a multiple-method research design. An individually based, statistical data set focused on the extension of the Finland-Swedish migration pattern, whereas an in-depth interview study was used to analyse the deeper causes of migration and integration.</p>

This dissertation examines the role in the migration process between Sweden and Finland of the Swedish-speaking minority group, the Finland Swedes. The causes underlying migration, as well as the integration of the group in Sweden, constitute the main focuses of the study. It is concluded that Finland Swedes are over-represented in the total migration process from Finland to Sweden. As such, the process is culturally embedded in the group’s ethnic identity, which causes migration both through the practical minority situation in Finland, and through ethnic affinity with Sweden. Further causes include the substantial, circular networks of cultural, social and economic contacts between Sweden and Finland. In the integration process, the transformation of the group’s ethnic identity is the central area of analysis. Initially, the ethnic affinity with Sweden is transformed into strengthened loyalties to Finland. As early as the first generation of migrants, however, the Finland Swedes enter into a process of assimilation in Sweden. The migration process reveals the complex identity construction of the Finland Swedes. The ethnic identity is constituted of relations both towards the Finnish-speaking majority group, and towards Sweden as an extended Swedish-speaking area. The ethnic identity is mediated through national and personal identities, which are linked to both Sweden and Finland. The findings have been produced within the methodological framework of critical realism, using a multiple-method research design. An individually based, statistical data set focused on the extension of the Finland-Swedish migration pattern, whereas an in-depth interview study was used to analyse the deeper causes of migration and integration.

The thesis is a structural biography of Harald Molander (1858-1900), stage manager, author, translator and critic.The investigation is based on his literary works and the reviews of these. Articles, letters and the director's comprehensive manuscripts and other documents are analyzed. The reactions of the audience are studied.Molander's authorship and directing were artistically coherent. In accordance with the theories of Felix Vodicka and Jan Mukarovsky a model of description is formulated for the study of the period norm. The structure of Molander's literary works, the reception of them, and the modern conception of stage management are related to the changes in the norm.As an. author Molander successively associated himself with tradition, with the realism of the modern breakthrough and the interest in historical subject. His works were often shaped by literary impressions. His works as an author and stage manager were frequently religiously tinged.As a director Molander was a transitional figure. He began as an author-director and gradually took up modern stage management. In this thesis his work as a director is studied as part of the division of labour in the theatre, as staging-procedure and as an expression of principles of style and artistic viewpoint. His directing was chiefly aimed at realizing the author's vision on the stage. He wanted to transform the possibilities of the drama into scenic reality.As a stage manager Molander was influenced by the Meininger Company and Wagner. As a director he was very systematic. He distanced himself from the kind of theatre which was dominated by the actors, from Romanticism and ideal realism, and he studied naturalism. Tradition, fidelity to authors, realism, historicism, ensemble-acting and the harmonization of the means of expression of the theatre characterized his stage managing. Molander also had a didactic view of the theatre; he wanted to discuss societal and psychological problems and he wanted to amuse his audience.Molanderwas active both in Sweden and in Finland. The highlight of his early period was the staging of Goethe's Faust (1889). He shaped it into a realistic-fantastic Gesamtkunstwerk. He made pictorially attractive stagings of Strindberg's historical dramas, Mäster Olof (1897), Gustaf Vasa and Erik XIV (1899). The staging of Hauptmann's The Weavers was his masterpiece. The instruction of the masses in this strike drama was consistent. The Swedish labour movement greeted the play with enthusiasm. / digitalisering@umu

Det säkerhetspolitiska samarbetet inom EU fördjupas alltmer och inom ramen för Nice-fördraget , år 2001,så institutionaliseras ESDP. EU har tre alliansfria/neutrala stater som alla blev medlemmar år 1995. Imedlemsförhandlingarna förband de sig att acceptera medlemsskapet som ett totalt åtagande mot unionensframsteg och målsättningar, inkluderande utrikes- och säkerhetspolitik. Denna förutsättning har skapat etttryck på de alliansfria/neutrala staterna att anpassa sina säkerhetspolitika ställningstaganden till det nurådande europiska säkerhetsklimatet. Uppsatsen tar avstamp ur ovanstående förhållande och ställer frågorom några centrala inrikespolitiska faktorer som verkar för att bromsa en utveckling som kan innebära enavveckling av först neutraliteten, därefter alliansfriheten och slutligen innebära ett eventuellt medlemskap ien försvarsallians, NATO eller EU. Undersökningen fokuserar tidsmässigt runt perioden år 2001 ochomfattar, för respektive undersökt stat, politiska officiella deklarationer, riksdagspartiers officiellaställningstaganden, folkopinionens ställning, investeringar i försvarssystem och strukturer och slutligenvanans påverkan rörande alliansfrihet och neutralitet. Uppsatsen har en mycket direkt och konkretteorikoppling till Kjell Goldmanns teori om de faktorer som stabiliserar eller destabiliserar en politik.Resultatet visar att de tre staterna avvecklat sin neutralitetslinje men också att det i alla tre stater finnsinrikespolitiska faktorer som i olika grad verkar stabiliserande på den säkerhetpolitiska handlingslinjeninnebärande fortsatt alliansfrihet. Undersökningen visar också att staterna skiljer sig åt på olika punkter ochatt det ur det inrikespolitiska perspektivet inte går att betrakta staterna som en enhetlig grupp. / The security policy cooperation within the European Union is more andmore deepened and due to the Nice-summit, year 2001, the ESDP wasinstitutionalised.Within the European Union there are three states that all became membersin the year 1995. In the accession negotiations all three states, in order toallay the fears of other member states in the Union, they issued a jointdeclaration, in which they made several assurances. They promised, forexample, that their accession would serve to strengthen the coherence ofthe Union and its capacity to act within the area of foreign and securitypolicy. This situation has created a pressure for change and adaptation onthe three countries positions concerning security policy, in order to matchthe new European security climate. This essay identifies this pressure forchange and put forward questions regarding, if some central domesticpolicy factors work in act to hamper a development that might imply theend of non-alliance and neutrality, and eventually a development that willlead to a membership in a defensive alliance, NATO or a reformed EU.The investigation focuses at a period around year 2001 and comprises, foreach investigated state, official political declarations, official stands of theparty’s in Parliament, views of the opinion, investments in defence systemsand structures, and finally how the custom affects the policy of nonalignment and neutrality.The essay has a very clear and distinct connection to Professor KjellGoldmanns theory concerning factors that work as stabilizers ordestabilizers of foreign policy.The results show that the three states all have relinquished their neutralitypolicy, but also that there, in all three states, are domestic policy factorsthat works in order to stabilize a policy of continued non-alliance. Theinvestigation show that the impact of the stabilizers differs between thestates and that they do not represent a heterogeneous group of countries ina perspective of how domestic policy affect security policy standpoints.The essay is written in Swedish with this abstract in English. / Avdelning: ALB - Slutet Mag 3 C-upps.Hylla: Upps. ChP 01-03

This study examines and compares farmers' succession plans and actual succession behaviour and finds that the farm operator's age and regional variables influence both. We also find a discrepancy between intention and actual behaviour which is significantly related to the farm operator's age. Whereas the likelihood of planned succession is overestimated significantly for younger farm operators, the opposite is observed once the farm operator's age exceeds 65 years. Therefore, stated plans have only a negligible value in predicting the observed behaviour and farm operator's statements on the timing of succession may not provide enough information on the grounds of designing structural policies in agriculture. (author's abstract) / Series: Discussion Papers SFB International Tax Coordination

Ph.d.-afhandling. University of Helsinki, 2006. / Også elektronisk adgang via Internettet.