O processo de treinamento e desenvolvimento de recursos humanos é um importante instrumento para a gerência e para a assistência, os estudos encontrados acerca do treinamento em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) estão relacionados, principalmente, à realização de técnicas assistenciais. Reconhecendo a relevância do preparo do enfermeiro para atuação em UTI e sabendo da valorização que o grupo de enfermeiros da UTI de um hospital privado do município de São Paulo atribui ao processo de treinamento admissional, esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Instituição, Hospital Campo de Estudo (HCE). Assim, constituíram-se como objetivos desse estudo: analisar o processo de treinamento admissional do enfermeiro na UTI, na perspectiva dos enfermeiros da UTI do HCE; reelaborar o processo de treinamento admissional de enfermeiro na UTI, na perspectiva dos enfermeiros da UTI do HCE e definir o perfil do enfermeiro instrutor do treinamento admissional do enfermeiro. A fim de alicerçar essa reelaboração nos valores e necessidades expressas por esse grupo, optou-se pelo método de investigação, da pesquisa-ação. A técnica de coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de grupo focal, constituído de 11 enfermeiros com mais de três anos nessa UTI. Foram realizadas seis reuniões, totalizando dez horas de trabalho. Ainda, na coleta de dados, foram divulgados os relatórios-síntese dessas reuniões possibilitando a participação dos demais 18 enfermeiros da UTI que responderam aos questionários dirigidos, desse modo, houve contribuição de todo o coletivo estudado. Essa estratégia possibilitou a concretização da tarefa do grupo para além da proposta inicial de reelaboração do processo de treinamento. Em consonância ao perfil desejado para o enfermeiro dessa UTI, ora estabelecido pelo grupo, foram também descritos o conceito, os objetivos, as estratégias, a duração e as metas a serem alcançadas pelo enfermeiro recém-admitido. Para tal, foram construídos o novo instrumento, o fluxograma, o memento e a descrição do perfil do enfermeiro instrutor. Além do trabalho desenvolvido, a pesquisa promoveu no grupo e na pesquisadora a reflexão sobre aspectos intervenientes ao processo educativo, bem como acerca da identidade do grupo caracterizada pelo papel assistencial, pela autonomia de ação e, conseqüente, reconhecimento junto à equipe multiprofissional, o que facilitou, de modo coerente, a reelaboração do processo de treinamento admissional do enfermeiro da UTI-HCE / The human resource training and development process is an important instrument for management and care-providers. Studies regarding Intensive Care Unit (ICU) training relate especially to the performance of care-providing techniques. This research was developed at a Study Field Hospital (SFH) considering the importance of a nurses training process for performing at an ICU and knowing how ICU nursing staff value the admission training process at a private practice hospital in the city of São Paulo. Study objectives were to: analyze the ICU-nurse admission training process from the SFH ICU nurses standpoint; redesign the ICU-nurse admission training process from the SFH ICU nurses standpoint; and determine the educator-nurse profile for the ICU-nurse admission training process. In order to support this redesigning within the values and needs expressed by the group, the investigational method of action research was adopted. The data collection technique performed was based on a focus group composed of 11 nurses who have worked at this SFH ICU for more than three years. Six meetings were held in a total of ten working hours. Furthermore, during data collection, summarized meeting reports were issued allowing 18 other ICU nurses who answered the guided questionnaires to participate and therefore the whole group under study contributed. This strategy warranted concretization of the groups task further than the initially proposed redesigning of the training process. In agreement with the desired nurse profile for the ICU, now established by the group; concept, objectives, strategies, duration, and goals to be met by a recently-hired nurse were also described. For such, a new instrument, flow-chart, guideline and educator-nurse profile description were conceived. In addition to the work developed, this research fostered both in the group and the investigator a reflection on intervening aspects of the educational process as well as of the group identity, characterized by the care-providing role, autonomy to act and consequent recognition by the multi-professional team which coherently facilitated the redesigning of the nurse admission training process at the SFH ICU

Para o lançamento de novos produtos na área do Design de Moda, os designers utilizam conceitos de ergonomia durante as etapas de formatação do produto. A pesquisa tem como objetivo introduzir na metodologia projetual a preocupação ergonômica, visando à adequação do design no que diz respeito à usabilidade e ao conforto. O estudo trata das relações entre Moda, Design e Metodologia para compreensão da importância da Ergonomia no auxílio dos projetos de Design de Moda. A proposta é sistematizar por meio da metodologia de Grupo Focal as questões ergonômicas na fase projetual de produtos por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica e de reflexões extraídas, constatando-se sua aplicabilidade ao permitir que o designer a partir de uma análise qualitativa dos dados captados nas discussões com o público-alvo proporcione um produto mais satisfatório ao usuário. / For the launch of new products in the area of Fashion Design, designers use concepts of ergonomics through the steps of formatting the product. The research aims at introducing a methodology projetual ergonomic concern, aiming at adapting the design with regard to usability and comfort. The study deals with the relationship between Fashion, Design and Methodology for understanding the importance of ergonomics in aid of Fashion Design projects. The proposal is to systematize through focus group methodology ergonomic issues in projetual phase products through a literature review and reflections drawn, though there is its applicability by allowing the designer from a qualitative analysis of the data captured in discussions with the audience provides the user a more satisfactory product.

Submitted by Marta Toyoda (1144061@mackenzie.br) on 2017-01-04T16:47:04Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Lúcia Maria da Silva Pantaleoni.pdf: 18651423 bytes, checksum: c580c39050650e39a9bb9af6c04ec06c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Paola Damato (repositorio@mackenzie.br) on 2017-01-04T17:51:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Lúcia Maria da Silva Pantaleoni.pdf: 18651423 bytes, checksum: c580c39050650e39a9bb9af6c04ec06c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-04T17:51:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Lúcia Maria da Silva Pantaleoni.pdf: 18651423 bytes, checksum: c580c39050650e39a9bb9af6c04ec06c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-15 / The objective of this research is to investigate what is the role of art in the new teaching model, PEI, Integral Education Program in Early Years, implemented in 2015, in E. E. Cel. Raul Humaitá Villa Nova, the first half of 2015. This research analyzes the role of art in three specific moments: the Artistic Languages classes in art classes and directed lunch. Therefore, the literature was used, document analysis, the logbook and conducting a focus group. This work is based on the following authors Bogdan and Biklen, Wendling and Campos Moraes, Gatti, Lüdke and Andrew when dealing with issues related to the methodology. Martins, Martins/Picosque and Guerra, Ferraz and Fusari, Christov, among others, when referring to the teaching art. The work presents the analysis of documents and tutorials of the new teaching model, the logbook and the focus group emphasizing the role of art in the studied school. / O objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar qual é o papel da Arte no novo modelo de ensino, o PEI, Programa de Ensino Integral nos Anos Iniciais, implementado no ano de 2015, na E. E. Cel. Raul Humaitá Villa Nova, no primeiro semestre de 2015. Essa pesquisa analisa o papel da arte em três momentos específicos: nas aulas de Linguagens Artísticas, nas aulas de Arte e no almoço dirigido. Para tanto, foi utilizada a pesquisa bibliográfica, a análise documental, o diário de bordo e a realização de um grupo focal. Este trabalho baseia-se nos seguintes autores Bogdan e Biklen, Wendling e Campos, Moraes, Gatti, Lüdke e André quando trata de questões referentes à metodologia e em, Martins, Martins/Picosque e Guerra, Ferraz e Fusari, Christov, entre outros, quando se refere ao ensino de arte. No decorrer do trabalho são apresentadas as análises dos documentos e tutoriais do novo modelo de ensino, do diário de bordo e do grupo focal ressaltando o papel da arte na escola estudada.

Objetivo: As relações sociais são importantes em diversas condições crônicas, com impacto nos resultados terapêuticos. Neste estudo nós relatamos as percepções de mulheres com endometriose e dor pélvica crônica sobre as suas interações sociais. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo qualitativo sobre 29 mulheres com endometriose e dor pélvica crônica. O estudo foi realizado em um hospital universitário, localizado no sudeste do Brasil, entre fevereiro de 2013 e janeiro de 2014. As mulheres foram divididas em seis grupos focais. As transcrições das entrevistas foram analisadas, segundo a abordagem da teoria fundamentada, e enviadas as categorias emergentes, que foram codificadas utilizando a plataforma WebQDA. Resultados: O isolamento social foi o principal tema emergente. O isolamento social foi percebido como associado à falta de compreensão sobre sintomas de endometriose, à resignação diante dos episódios recorrentes de dor. Evitar a intimidade parceiro, isolamento da família e isolamento dos amigos foram às subcategorias identificadas. Conclusão: Nosso estudo fornece evidências que mulheres com endometriose desenvolvem isolamento social progressivo após o início da dor pélvica crônica. Este achado é importante para a abordagem multidisciplinar da doença / Objective: Social ties have been associated with outcomes of several chronic conditions. In this study we report perceptions of women with endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain about their social interactions. Methods: We conducted a qualitative study on 29 women with chronic pelvic pain and endometriosis. The study was conducted in a university hospital, localized in the southwest of Brazil, between February 2013 and January 2014. Women were enrolled in six focus groups interviews. Transcripts were analysed according to the grounded theory approach and the emerging categories were coded using the WebQDA platform. Results: Social isolation was the main emerging theme. Social isolation was perceived as associated with lack of understanding about endometriosis symptoms, and with resignation in face of recurrent pain episodes. Avoiding partner intimacy, isolation from family and isolation from friends were components of social isolation. Conclusion: Our study provides evidence that women with endometriosis develop progressive social isolation after the onset of chronic pelvic pain. This finding is important for the multidisciplinary management of the disease

The problem of spatial disorientation during flight of aircraft is briefly described, as are definitions of the phenomenon. Traditional countermeasure efforts that are often directed towards changes in the central visual field are reconsidered in favour of presentation of information in the peripheral visual field. It is proposed to use optic flow to support spatial orientation, as well as to omit such information from the central visual field. An experiment was conducted, and results showed that forward visual flow gave very important spatial information. The flow could be cropped to a certain degree in the periphery (horizontally), as well as parts of the central presentation could be omitted without decreasing effects in the experiment. Implications relevant to possible implementations in aircraft are discussed.

Complex-mask coronagraphs destructively interfere unwanted starlight with itself to enable direct imaging of exoplanets. This is accomplished using a focal plane mask (FPM); a FPM can be a simple occulter mask, or in the case of a complex-mask, is a multi-zoned device designed to phase-shift starlight over multiple wavelengths to create a deep achromatic null in the stellar point spread function. Creating these masks requires microfabrication techniques, yet many such methods remain largely unexplored in this context. We explore methods of fabrication of complex FPMs for a Phased-Induced Amplitude Apodization Complex-Mask Coronagraph (PIAACMC). Previous FPM fabrication efforts for PIAACMC have concentrated on mask manufacturability while modeling science yield, as well as assessing broadband wavelength operation. Moreover current fabrication efforts are concentrated on assessing coronagraph performance given a single approach. We present FPMs fabricated using several process paths, including deep reactive ion etching and focused ion beam etching using a silicon substrate. The characteristic size of the mask features is 5 mu m with depths ranging over 1 mu m. The masks are characterized for manufacturing quality using an optical interferometer and a scanning electron microscope. Initial testing is performed at the Subaru Extreme Adaptive Optics testbed, providing a baseline for future experiments to determine and improve coronagraph performance within fabrication tolerances.

Background A cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a small cluster of thin-walled, dilated blood vessels within the brain which is prone to bleed. Although the quantity of blood leaking tends to be small, even a small intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) can result in a clinically significant neurological deficit. Because some focal neurological deficits (FND) may in fact be haemorrhages that were undetected by imaging, FND were also included in the analysis wherever possible. In Scotland, between 2006 and 2010, the annual CCM detection rate was 0.8 per 100,000 people. Since estimates of prognosis inform decisions about whether to treat CCM, it is crucial that the untreated clinical course of the disease is fully understood. Aim The aims of this thesis are (i) to quantify the risk of ICH (or ICH or FND, referred to as ‘clinical event’) for an untreated adult within five years of CCM diagnosis, (ii) to identify prognostic factors for ICH (clinical event), and (iii) to create a model to predict, at the time of diagnosis, an individual’s risk of a subsequent ICH (clinical event). Methods Initially, a literature review was undertaken. Then data from adults diagnosed with CCM in the Scottish Intracranial Vascular Malformation Study (SIVMS) were analysed. SIVMS is a prospective, population-based cohort study: it includes all adults resident in Scotland at the time of diagnosis of a first-ever intracranial vascular malformation during the two five-year periods 1999–2003 and 2006–2010. Time-to-event methods were employed to compare the estimated risk of ICH (clinical event) for those who experienced a first ICH (clinical event) during untreated five-year follow-up with those who experienced a second ICH (clinical event). A statistical challenge when analysing clinical outcomes from patients with CCM is that the outcome event of ICH or FND is comparatively rare; therefore a larger cohort of CCM patients was required to identify more robustly potential predictors of ICH (clinical event) and to create a prognostic model to predict, at the time of diagnosis, an individual’s risk of a subsequent ICH (clinical event). Three research groups agreed to contribute their data to enable an individual patient data meta-analysis (IPDMA) to be undertaken. Results In the two SIVMS cohorts, 136 (1999–2003) and 165 adults (2006–2010) were diagnosed with CCM. In the earlier cohort, the estimated risk of a first ICH within five years of presentation (2.4%, 95% CI 0.0% to 5.7%) was significantly lower (p < 0.0001) than the risk of a recurrent ICH (31.9%, 95% CI 4.5% to 59.3%), but the annual risk of a recurrence declined over the five-year period. In the same cohort, women had an increased risk of a second clinical event (log-rank χ2(1) = 6.2, p = 0.01). The IPDMA was based on 988 adults, 62 of whom suffered a first ICH within five years of CCM diagnosis. When the data were pooled, the estimated adjusted hazard ratio for first ICH for clinical presentation (ICH/FND vs other presentation) was 4.5 (95% CI 1.5 to 13.4) and for brainstem location (brainstem vs other location) the adjusted hazard ratio was 3.3 (95% CI 1.5 to 7.2); age, sex and CCM multiplicity did not add any additional prognostic information. Conclusion In this thesis two risk factors have been identified that are independently associated with increased likelihood of experiencing an ICH (or clinical event) within five years of diagnosis. A prognostic model has been built and evaluated, based on these factors. Other areas to be explored in the future include external validation of the model and investigating the effects of (i) antithrombotic therapy and (ii) pregnancy on the progression of the disease.

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) constitute an important component of blood vessels and are primarily responsible for vessel contraction. In vascular disorders such as hypertension and atherosclerosis as well as pregnancy and exercise, VSMC demonstrate increased capacity to proliferate and migrate, resulting in vascular remodelling. The actin cytoskeleton is an important component of vascular contractility and is also essential for proliferation and migration of VSMC. Vasoactive agonists such as Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and Noradrenaline (NA), have been shown to mediate VSMC contraction through changes in actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion (FA) remodelling, and have also been reported to cause VSMC migration in the appropriate setting. The aim of this study was to investigate the signalling mechanisms responsible for FA dependent actin cytoskeleton remodelling of VSMC in response to ET-1 and NA, with a special focus on Hydrogen peroxide-inducible clone 5 (Hic-5). The latter is a FA protein shown to regulate actin cytoskeleton dynamics in small arteries in response to Noradrenaline (NA) and the response of VSMC to arterial injury and abdominal aortic aneurysm. We have shown that Src-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of Hic-5 regulated its subcellular localisation in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and VSMC, but was not responsible for the effects of ET-1 and NA on actin filament remodelling or Hic-5 redistribution in VSMC. ET-1 stimulation caused an increase in Hic-5 localisation at FAs concurrent with an increase in the density of actin filaments, whereas NA stimulation caused a decrease in Hic-5 localisation at FAs in VSMC concurrent with actin filament redistribution at the cell cortex. Hic-5 was the FA protein that demonstrated the most dramatic changes in subcellular localisation in response to ET-1 and NA, when compared to paxillin (Hic-5 homologue) or vinculin (classical FA marker). NA-mediated changes in Hic-5 localisation and actin filament distribution were more pronounced compared to ET-1-mediated changes. Further investigation into the NA-induced changes suggested that actin filament disassembly preceded Hic-5 relocalisation from FAs to the cytosol. These results show that vasoactive peptides cause Hic-5 relocalisation and actin filament rearrangement in VSMCs in an agonist-dependent manner. Given that VSMC FA remodelling and actin cytoskeleton reorganisation occur during contraction and arterial remodelling, our data identify Hic-5 as a key regulator of these processes in response to NA and ET-1. Furthermore, these data have implications in agonist- specific VSM function such as migration and contraction.

Master of Arts / Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work / L. Susan Williams / Building upon macrostructural “social threat” (Blalock, 1967) research, the current study develops a theoretical model of judicial decision-making processes that focuses upon racial threats perceived within individual court contexts and the corresponding effects on individual sentencing outcomes. This model recognizes that in the absence of a true-measure of a defendant’s threat to the community (likelihood to re-offend) judicial decision makers often rely upon stereotypical generalizations regarding offender populations to render decisions. Although actors develop biases and stereotypes through interactions with society in general, the most relevant knowledge affecting sentencing decisions is perceptions gained through the course of work. Similar to the influential “Pygmalion in the Classroom” study, biases and stereotypes regarding the criminality of groups of criminal defendants are pervasive in contemporary society, undoubtedly influencing sentencing outcomes. Therefore, the most meaningful measurement of threat, as it pertains to sentencing, is the contextual composition of court caseloads. Using data from the Bureau of Justice Statistics-State Court Processing Statistics (SCPS) program, this study examines court-contextual or caseload level threats and the interaction between courtroom context and individual offense/offender characteristics and the corresponding impact on sentencing outcomes. Findings demonstrate that courts of high minority defendant volume apply more punitive sanctions to (increased sentence length and odds of incarceration) to all defendants within this context, while black defendants receive the greatest sanctions. These findings support assertions regarding the impact of threatening populations within courtroom contexts.

As a contribution to the existing knowledge of grooming in primates five and a half years of grooming data were examined from a group of free-living chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in the Budongo Forest, Uganda, to investigate various functional significances of grooming behaviour within the context of social reinforcement. The fission–fusion social structure of chimpanzees results in group members not moving around as a single unit, but forming temporary units as the need arises. This reduces opportunities for individuals to groom others and therefore, based on time and association constraints alone, grooming was as expected found to be unevenly distributed among group members. Grooming patterns found among this group of chimpanzees were comparable to those observed in other free-living populations with variations possibly being attributed to resource base, population numbers and differences in age-sex class composition. One of the suggested social benefits of grooming is that it is used to enhance reproductive success, either by allowing males to enhance their proximity to oestrous females, or by influencing female choice through the development of affiliative relationships with males. Grooming was found to increase between males and females, whilst females displayed sexual receptivity through the presence of anogenital swellings and grooming may be a strategy used by males to increase their access to copulation opportunities, whereas females may use grooming to increase protection from harassment by less preferred males during swollen periods and also increase the likelihood of copulation with preferred partners. Based on the availability of oestrous females, copulations between males and adult females occurred significantly less frequently than expected, whereas copulations between males and subadult females occurred significantly more frequently than expected. Overall a positive correlation was found between grooming of females by males and frequency of copulations. Due to concerns regarding the validity of different sampling methods, scan-focal and ad libitum sampling methods were compared to establish if results from different sampling methods were similar. Results from the scan-focal and ad libitum sampling methods had very few discrepancies, and it is suggested that ad libitum sampling methods which record behaviour types whenever they occur, may be more beneficial for species which don’t move around as a single unit and live in environments where visibility is reduced, therefore increasing the possibility of recording individuals or behaviours that are observed infrequently. Scan-focal sampling may be more beneficial in studying species which move around together in habitats which are conducive to greater visibility, therefore allowing all or most group members to be observed simultaneously. / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Zoology and Entomology / unrestricted