Alternative food networks in a post-communist context:: Farmers' markets and farm shops in Czechia Marie Syrovátková ABSTRACT The emergence of farmers' markets (FMs) and farm shops (FSs) in Czechia is a follow-up of the expansion of alternative food networks (AFNs) from Western Europe and North America where they have been developing for several decades. AFNs are an up-to-date topic as they respond to the growing concerns about the negative effects of the globalized conventional food system on social, economic and environmental aspects of food production, distribution and consumption. Each form of AFNs emphasizes a different aspect of the food system sustainability. FMs and FSs should primarily enable direct selling of quality local products made by small producers to support local economy, rural development, environmental protection and to improve quality of life. Based on a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, the aim of the dissertation is to explore the emergence and development of AFNs in Central Europe. Using the example of Czechia, considering the communist past of the region, the work evaluates the contribution of AFNs to build a more sustainable system of food production and consumption and the weak points of the phenomenon in Czechia and, using a comparison of the AFN evolution...

Mit einer Bevölkerung von 6,8 Millionen Menschen gehört der Großraum Hyderabad zu den am schnellsten wachsenden städtischen Agglomerationen Südindiens. Das zentrale Thema dieser Dissertation ist die Erforschung der Zusammenhänge zwischen der fortschreitenden Urbanisierung und dem strukturellen Wandel in der peri-urbanen Landwirtschaft im Großraum dieser Megacity Darüber hinaus ist die Erforschung der Sichtweisen und Einstellung der Landwirte zum Thema Nachhaltigkeit für die Arbeit von herausragendem Interesse: z.B., welche Bedeutung hat die Auswahl des Anbausystems auf die Wahl der Anpassungsstrategien? In einer umfassenden Literaturübersicht zum Thema Urbanisierung und peri-urbane Landwirtschaft werden verschiedene Theorien dahingehend analysiert, welche Aussagen sich zu den Auswirkungen der Urbanisierung auf die peri-urbane Landwirtschaft treffen lassen. Wichtige Einflussfaktoren des sich vollziehenden strukturellen Wandels werden herausgearbeitet und die gängigsten Anpassungsmaßnahmen der peri-urbanen Farmer (z.B. zusätzlicher Einsatz von Familienarbeitskräften oder Wechsel in die Nebenerwerbslandwirtschaft), sowie der damit verbundenen Umweltauswirkungen vorgestellt und erklärt. Zudem wird Fragen nachgegangen, wie sich mehr oder weniger nachhaltige Entscheidungen erklären lassen, welche Rolle bei der Umstellung auf nachhaltige Praktiken der Landwirtschaft die Nutzung sozialer Netzwerke wie Familie und Nachbarschaft oder die Mitgliedschaft in bäuerlichen Organisationen spielen. Die Arbeit kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass infolge der ökologischen Umstellung sich intensivere Kooperationen (collective action) ergaben, die wiederum in Konsequenz sowohl ökologische als auch soziale Nachhaltigkeit förderten. Dies bestätigt die theoretische Annahme, dass wirksame gesellschaftliche Beteiligungen Schlüsselfunktionen für soziale Innovationen darstellen, die zukünftige Politikgestaltung in den Randgebieten von Hyderabad beeinflussen könnten. / This thesis explores the ramifications of rapid urbanization on food production in the urban periphery of Greater Hyderabad Area, Southern city of India. In addition this dissertations unpack the wider questions related understanding of sustainability and sustainable farming by the agricultural actors in the urban periphery. The literature review draws attention to the various theories, concepts and pathways of change across the globe. The results particularly focusing on the Indian context indicate that in peri-urban farming along with the increasing cost of production there is associated environmental impacts.To lower these costs, farmers also expanded family labour and resorted to part time farming. In general current developments in the land use of agriculturists indicate an unsustainable use of natural resources where small farms are disappearing and medium size farms are increasing. Also, there is much emphasis on understanding the farmers’ prioritization about the three dimensions of sustainability. Findings reveal that majority of them prioritized the economic criteria rather than environmental and social, where the social sustainability perhaps faded out in the urban peripheries. These results explains the completely different understanding (connotation as well as association) of the term sustainability in this dynamic setting. In the end this dissertation has found that ecological challenge procured community (collective action) and thus prompted environmental sustainability as well as social sustainability confirming the theoretical claim that collective action and effective community participation are core elements of social innovation which might help to shape future politics in Hyderabad’s urban fringes.

The purpose of this thesis is to analyse interactions between freshwater flows, terrestrial ecosystems and human well-being. Freshwater management and policy has mainly focused on the liquid water part (surface and ground water run off) of the hydrological cycle including aquatic ecosystems. Although of great significance, this thesis shows that such a focus will not be sufficient for coping with freshwater related social-ecological vulnerability. The thesis illustrates that the terrestrial component of the hydrological cycle, reflected in vapour flows (or evapotranspiration), serves multiple functions in the human life-support system. A broader understanding of the interactions between terrestrial systems and freshwater flows is particularly important in light of present widespread land cover change in terrestrial ecosystems. The water vapour flows from continental ecosystems were quantified at a global scale in Paper I of the thesis. It was estimated that in order to sustain the majority of global terrestrial ecosystem services on which humanity depends, an annual water vapour flow of 63 000 km3/yr is needed, including 6800 km3/yr for crop production. In comparison, the annual human withdrawal of liquid water amounts to roughly 4000 km3/yr. A potential conflict between freshwater for future food production and for terrestrial ecosystem services was identified. Human redistribution of water vapour flows as a consequence of long-term land cover change was addressed at both continental (Australia) (Paper II) and global scales (Paper III). It was estimated that the annual vapour flow had decreased by 10% in Australia during the last 200 years. This is due to a decrease in woody vegetation for agricultural production. The reduction in vapour flows has caused severe problems with salinity of soils and rivers. The human-induced alteration of vapour flows was estimated at more than 15 times the volume of human-induced change in liquid water (Paper II).

Modern food production is a complex, globalized system in which what we eat and how it is produced are increasingly disconnected. This thesis examines some of the ways in which global trade has changed the mix of inputs to food and feed, and how this affects food security and our perceptions of sustainability. One useful indicator of the ecological impact of trade in food and feed products is the Appropriated Ecosystem Areas (ArEAs), which estimates the terrestrial and aquatic areas needed to produce all the inputs to particular products. The method is introduced in Paper I and used to calculate and track changes in imported subsidies to Swedish agriculture over the period 1962-1994. In 1994, Swedish consumers needed agricultural areas outside their national borders to satisfy more than a third of their food consumption needs. The method is then applied to Swedish meat production in Paper II to show that the term “Made in Sweden” is often a misnomer. In 1999, almost 80% of manufactured feed for Swedish pigs, cattle and chickens was dependent on imported inputs, mainly from Europe, Southeast Asia and South America. Paper III examines ecosystem subsidies to intensive aquaculture in two nations: shrimp production in Thailand and salmon production in Norway. In both countries, aquaculture was shown to rely increasingly on imported subsidies. The rapid expansion of aquaculture turned these countries from fishmeal net exporters to fishmeal net importers, increasingly using inputs from the Southeastern Pacific Ocean. As the examined agricultural and aquacultural production systems became globalized, levels of dependence on other nations’ ecosystems, the number of external supply sources, and the distance to these sources steadily increased. Dependence on other nations is not problematic, as long as we are able to acknowledge these links and sustainably manage resources both at home and abroad. However, ecosystem subsidies are seldom recognized or made explicit in national policy or economic accounts. Economic systems are generally not designed to receive feedbacks when the status of remote ecosystems changes, much less to respond in an ecologically sensitive manner. Papers IV and V discuss the problem of “masking” of the true environmental costs of production for trade. One of our conclusions is that, while the ArEAs approach is a useful tool for illuminating environmentally-based subsidies in the policy arena, it does not reflect all of the costs. Current agricultural and aquacultural production methods have generated substantial increases in production levels, but if policy continues to support the focus on yield and production increases alone, taking the work of ecosystems for granted, vulnerability can result. Thus, a challenge is to develop a set of complementary tools that can be used in economic accounting at national and international scales that address ecosystem support and performance. We conclude that future resilience in food production systems will require more explicit links between consumers and the work of supporting ecosystems, locally and in other regions of the world, and that food security planning will require active management of the capacity of all involved ecosystems to sustain food production.

Sustainable Built Environments Senior Capstone / The mesquite-harvesting project at the University of Arizona was in practice from 2011-2013. During the development of the project, students, faculty, and staff were engaged in harvesting, designing harvesting methods, milling, baking, researching, and selling mesquite flour at the campus. After discovering a common toxin in mesquite-pods, a strict harvesting method was obtained and followed throughout the seasons. However, because of the high-maintenance process of harvesting, the mesquite-harvesting project at the University of Arizona could not economically sustain on campus, and therefore, had to come to an end. This document explains the process of harvesting, the research of aflatoxin, best practices, and other events that happened during the UA mesquite-harvesting project.

Submitted by Cristiane Shirayama (cristiane.shirayama@fgv.br) on 2011-05-31T15:57:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 65080100015.pdf: 10318779 bytes, checksum: 74d1bc9ac331fce11e316e68b71d5c79 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vera Lúcia Mourão(vera.mourao@fgv.br) on 2011-05-31T21:01:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 65080100015.pdf: 10318779 bytes, checksum: 74d1bc9ac331fce11e316e68b71d5c79 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vera Lúcia Mourão(vera.mourao@fgv.br) on 2011-05-31T21:02:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 65080100015.pdf: 10318779 bytes, checksum: 74d1bc9ac331fce11e316e68b71d5c79 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-06-01T15:57:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 65080100015.pdf: 10318779 bytes, checksum: 74d1bc9ac331fce11e316e68b71d5c79 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-03 / A energia necessária ao ser humano para realizar suas atividades, principalmente nos últimos dois séculos, aumentou drasticamente e tende a continuar aumentando. Para abastecer energeticamente estas atividades, o ser humano lançou mão, principalmente, de recursos fósseis e hídricos. Estes recursos, finitos ou limitados, são de abastecimento restrito devido a questões geopolíticas, econômicas e ambientais, motivos suficientes para que ocorra uma busca por alternativas a estas fontes energéticas. No entanto, o uso de biocombustíveis na substituição da gasolina tem sofrido criticas por ter sido relacionado à diminuição da oferta de alimentos e conseqüente aumento do preço destes. Diante deste contexto, pretende-se, com este trabalho, aprofundar a discussão do atual perfil de produção de cana-de-açúcar, maior fonte nacional de biocombustível na atualidade, no estado de São Paulo, maior produtor de cana do país, e sua relação com a produção de alimentos neste estado. Os dados brutos aqui trabalhados foram obtidos do IBGE – Produção Agrícola Municipal (PAM) e Produção da Pecuária Municipal (PPM) nos anos de 1990, 1999 e 2008 das regiões do Estado de São Paulo. Os mesmos foram convertidos a mapas para visualização da dinâmica produtiva agropecuária do Estado de São Paulo, utilizando-se o programa ArcMap®. As atividades agropecuárias selecionadas foram as de mais expressão produtiva: cana-de-açúcar, café, feijão, laranja, milho, soja, arroz, trigo, rebanho bovino e produção leiteira. A expansão da cana-de-açúcar impactou a área plantada de todas as atividades agropecuárias analisadas neste estudo. É possível inferir, com base nas informações coletadas e tratadas, que a produção canavieira tende a se expandir em áreas de pastagens. Observa-se que a expansão da área plantada de cana-de-açúcar no estado de São Paulo não reduziu a produção total das atividades agropecuárias estudadas. A tendência à mecanização da cana-de-açúcar pode colaborar para um zoneamento mais adequado das demais culturas em áreas impróprias à mecanização, diminuindo, assim, possíveis impactos na produção de alimentos. Deve-se considerar a dinâmica do setor agrícola ao longo de períodos longos, para que pequenos aumentos ou flutuações que ocorrem de maneira natural não sejam atribuídos a lavouras destinadas aos biocombustíveis. Na experiência do estado de São Paulo conseguiu-se observar que a questão é mais complexa do que se imaginava no início da proposta deste projeto. Os resultados analisados da possível coexistência entre a produção de biocombustíveis e alimentos não podem ser garantidos para outras regiões do Brasil. Empiricamente, é possível inferir que produzir biocombustíveis e alimentos não é antagônico e, sim, potencialmente aplicável no modelo agrícola brasileiro. No entanto, fica a sugestão de aprofundar esta proposta de estudo com utilização de modelos econométricos e estatísticos para a validação científica do estudo ora apresentado. / Over the past two centuries, the necessary energy for mankind to carry out their activities has increased dramatically, and is likely to continue increasing. To supply such demands of energy, mankind has been using fossil fuels and water resources. These resources, either finite or limited, are supply-constrained due to geopolitical, economic and environmental reasons. Those are issues sufficiently worrisome which should lead us to seek alternative sources of energy. However, the use of biofuels to replace gasoline has been strongly criticized for being related to the decreased food supplies and consequently increasing their prices. Before this context, the current paper intends to thoroughly discuss the actual profile of sugar cane production, nowadays, the highest internal source of biofuel in the state of São Paulo, which is the largest producer of sugar cane in the country, and its relationship with the crop production in this state. The raw data mentioned in this paper were collected by IBGE (Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics) – PAM (Municipal Agricultural Production) and PPM (Municipal Livestock Production), during 1990, 1999 and 2008, from São Paulo regions. Those data were converted to graphs for visualization of productive agriculture dynamics of the state of São Paulo using the ArcMap®. The selected agricultural activities were those with more productive expression: sugarcane, coffee, beans, oranges, corn, soybeans, rice, wheat, cattle and dairy production. The sugarcane expansion has impacted the planted area of all agricultural activities analyzed in this study. It is possible to infer, based on collected and treated information that sugarcane production is likely to increase in pasture land. It is observed that the sugarcane area expansion in the state of São Paulo has not reduced the total production of studied agricultural activities. The trend toward sugarcane mechanization can contribute to a more appropriate zoning of other crops in regions unsuitable for mechanization, thus reducing possible impacts on food production. One must consider the dynamics of the agricultural sector over long periods, so that small increases or fluctuations that naturally occur are not allocated to crops for biofuels. Through the experience of the state of São Paulo it could be observed that the issue is more complex than imagined at the beginning of this project proposal. The results of a possible coexistence between biofuel production and food production cannot be guaranteed for other regions of Brazil. Empirically, it is possible to infer that to produce biofuels and food is not antagonistic, but potentially applicable in the Brazilian agricultural model. However, it is suggested to further deepen this study proposal using econometric and statistical models to scientifically validate this study.

Submitted by Moara Almeida Canova Teixeira null (moaraambiental@gmail.com) on 2017-06-26T01:28:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Final_Moara.pdf: 3458445 bytes, checksum: dabb75ae556a606d8bbd0c78376f59b3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-06-28T16:37:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 teixeira_mac_me_rcla.pdf: 3458445 bytes, checksum: dabb75ae556a606d8bbd0c78376f59b3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-28T16:37:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 teixeira_mac_me_rcla.pdf: 3458445 bytes, checksum: dabb75ae556a606d8bbd0c78376f59b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-15 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O Brasil encontra-se na posição de grande produtor e exportador de commodities agrícolas, ao passo que é uma potência mundial em termos de biodiversidade e recursos hídricos. Com o uso e ocupação do solo em franca intensificação, torna-se cada vez mais importante direcionar atenções para potenciais sinergias entre a exploração agrícola e a proteção ambiental através do conceito de Serviços Ambientais (SA). Logo, instrumentos econômicos como o Pagamento por Serviços Ambientais (PSA) configuram-se como uma alternativa de assegurar a manutenção de processos ecológicos concomitante à atividade agropecuária. Desta forma, a nova versão do Código Florestal Brasileiro (CFB nº 12651/2012) da Legislação Ambiental Brasileira (LAB), prevê pagamento ou incentivos à conservação dos ecossistemas que forneçam serviços, entretanto, o texto desta nova lei deixa lacunas quanto aos mecanismos de implementação. Com base nestes aspectos, esse trabalho aborda em três capítulos questões sobre SA e PSA, cujo primeiro é uma apresentação geral do tema e da metodologia base utilizada nos capítulos seguintes. O capítulo 2 inicia a investigação dos serviços de maior relevância fornecidos nas áreas de produção de cana-de-açúcar e de alimentos (dentro do Cinturão de cana-de-açúcar), pela perspectiva dos agricultores destes dois grupos. Como resultado, evidencia-se que ambos os grupos apresentam perspectivas de sinergia, mas também distinções significativas quanto à percepção sobre os serviços ambientais fornecidos nas diferentes paisagens. Os serviços de regulação climática local e manutenção da água são importantes para o desenvolvimento agrícola, bem-estar da população urbana e dos agricultores de modo geral. Enquanto a polinização, dispersão de sementes e controle de pragas foram reconhecidos apenas pelos produtores das unidades rurais de alimentos. Posto isto, a visão política dos produtores e tomadores de decisão do município de Rio Claro-SP, referente à operacionalização dos SA, convergiu em pagamentos destinados à preservação de remanescentes florestais de custódia obrigatória (i.e Área de Preservação Permanente-APP e Reserva Legal-RL), a fim de proteger os mananciais. No entanto, houve conflito de opiniões entre os atores em caso de o poder público decidir implementar esquemas de PSA que contemplem apenas produtores com déficits de APP e RL em detrimento daqueles que sempre estiveram de acordo com a LAB, o que caracterizaria futuras externalidades sociais e econômicas negativas no contexto de política pública. Por fim no capítulo 3, a comparação de experiência de PSA entre Brasil e Escócia, mostrou que a integração dos objetivos das políticas públicas agrícolas, ambientais e de desenvolvimento econômico, com um fundo de financiamento comum e claro, ajuda atenuar processos burocráticos de gestão orçamentária e conflito entre pagadores e beneficiários em projetos de PSA locais. Diante de toda a avaliação da pesquisa, conclui-se que a abordagem participatória de estudo, ou seja, que envolve diversos atores sociais dentre eles o corpo científico, possibilitou compreender as diferentes perspectivas dos atores em nível local, seja de produção agrícola em grande escala (cana-de-açúcar) quanto na escala familiar de alimentos e de tomada de decisão para as exigências de SA nacionais. Dessa forma, evidenciou-se a necessidade de várias e complexas etapas para operacionalização de SA e sua possibilidade na gestão dos recursos naturais, diante da situação de expansão de commodities agrícolas e acelerada perda de serviços ambientais. Portanto, o estudo se faz relevante para elaboração de políticas públicas voltadas a implementação de PSA, no contexto de desenvolvimento agrícola e paisagens degradadas. / Brazil is a major producer and exporter of agricultural commodities and a world power in terms of biodiversity and water resources. With the ongoing process of land-use intensification, it becomes increasingly important to investigate and promote potential synergies between agriculture and natural resources conservation, mostly represented through the concept of Ecosystem Services (ES). Therefore, economic instruments such as Payment for Environmental Services (PSA) are an alternative to ensure the maintenance of ecological processes concomitant to agricultural activity. The new version of the Brazilian Forest Code (BFC nº 12651/2012) of the Brazilian Environmental Legislation (BEL) predicts payment or incentives for the conservation of ecosystems that provide services. However, the text of this law leaves gaps regarding implementation mechanisms. Based on these aspects, this dissertation addresses three chapters on ES and PES, the first of which is a general presentation of the theme and the methodology used in the following chapters. The chapter 2 begins the investigation of the services the most relevance provided in the areas of sugarcane and food production in Rio Claro (inside sugarcane belt in São Paulo state), according farmers’ perspective of these two groups. As results, both groups show perspectives of synergy, but also significant distinctions regarding the perception on the ES provided in the different landscapes. The services relative to local climate regulation and water maintenance are important for agricultural development, farmers and urban population well-being, overall. While pollination, seed dispersal and pest control were services recognized only by food farmers. Therefore, political point of view of farmers and decision-makers from Rio Claro municipality, referring to the operationalization of the SA, converged in payments destined to the preservation of forest remnants of compulsory custody (i.e. Permanent Preservation Area-PPA and Legal Reserve- LR) in order to protect the water springs. Therefore, political point of view of farmers and decision-makers from Rio Claro municipality, referring to the operationalization of the ES converged in payments destined to the preservation of forest remnants of compulsory custody (i.e. Permanent Preservation Area-PPA and Legal Reserve- LR) in order to protect the water springs. Nevertheless, there were opinion conflicts among the actors, supposing that public authorities decide to implement PES schemes that only contemplate producers with PPA and LR deficits, in detriment of those who have always been in agreement with LAB. This, in turn, cam characterize social and economic externalities in the context of public policy. Finally, in chapter 3, the comparison of PES experiences between Brazil and Scotland showed us that, the integration of agricultural, environmental and economic public policy with a common and clear financing fund helps to attenuate bureaucratic processes of budgetary management and reduces the conflicts between payers and beneficiaries in local PES projects. In additional, it was concluded which, the study participatory approach, involving several social actors, among them the scientific body, made possible to comprehension of the different actor’s perspective at the local level either agricultural of large-scale (sugarcane) or familiar scale (food production), as well as, of decision making for national ES requirements. Thus, the study demonstrates need of various and complexes steps to ES operationalization and its possibility in the management of natural resources, in reason of the expansion of agricultural commodities, as well as, in local where there is accelerated loss of ES. Therefore, the study is relevant for the elaboration of public policies aimed at the implementation of PES in the context of agricultural development and degraded landscapes. / FAPESP: 2014/08345-5

With the intensification of changing weather conditions on the planet, the debate on environmental issues is emphasized at the agenda of the international. The concern about the negative impacts to the environment and the continued use of fossil fuels has generated a search for alternative sources of cleaner energy. In this context, Brazil is inserted as a major supplier in the global renewable energy, proposing to be a major producer of biofuels in the world, mainly ethanol from cane sugar. This study aims at analyzing the impacts of the expansion of cultivation of cane sugar on food production, using as instruments to analyze the decomposition model \"shift-share\" and the scale and substitution effects. We also tried to determine the effects of farming on employment and land ownership structure, using as instruments of analysis regression models with panel data. / Com a intensificação das mudanças nas condições climáticas no planeta, é posto em evidência na agenda dos organismos internacionais o debate em torno da questão ambiental. A preocupação em torno dos impactos negativos causados ao meio ambiente, pelo uso continuo de combustíveis fósseis, gerou uma busca por fontes alternativas de energia menos poluentes. É neste contexto, que o Brasil se insere como um grande ofertante no mercado mundial de energia renovável, se propondo a ser um dos maiores produtores de biocombustíveis no mundo, principalmente, do etanol da cana-de-açúcar. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar os impactos da expansão da lavoura de cana-de-açúcar sobre a produção de alimentos, utilizando-se como instrumentos de analise o modelo de decomposição shift-share e os efeitos escala e substituição. Também buscou-se verificar os efeitos da atividade agropecuária sobre o emprego e a estrutura fundiária, utilizando-se como instrumentos de analise modelos de regressão com dados em painel. / Mestre em Economia

The handmade production of milk derived configures different territories in the local, regional and global geographical scales. That autonomous initiative expresses the farmer's obstinacy found by the territoriality and identity in the search of his social reproduction. It leans on the combination with other activities as agriculture, commercialization net and consuming market that demands the referred products that keep the symbolic relations to the territories based in the tradition and in the cultural habits of the groups. It is used raw material produced exclusively in the rural establishment and/or acquired with neighbors, friends and relatives. It uses family workforce and in agreement with the processed volume, it absorbs temporary workers. The handmade cheese constitutes an objective of persecutions moved by the formal market and by the institutional net due to the illegality and of the non execution of the legislation in vigor. The incompatibility of the legislation and the forbearing character to the handmade section is visible, once that the model was incorporated in Brazil in the decade of 1950 in agreement to the demands of the United States market and addressed to the great production, disrespecting the handmade production. The strategy of the production of handmade cheeses orientates this thesis and it is enunciated as general objective of the present study: to watch the configuration of SIAL handmade cheese maker of Sergipe, its contribution for the different actors' social reproduction, the circulation of local/territorial capital and their reflexes in the social/cultural/economical of the appropriate space conformed in territory. To unmask that alternative in the rural space is based in the cultural approach of the geography through the analyses of the categories territory, territoriality, identity and nets, interlaced by the ruled discussions in the local productive systems, configured in the concentration of small industries of cheese in Sergipe semi-arid of São Francisco, target of the research. The analyses of that strategy were addressed for beyond the mercantile dimensions, linking to the inherent social and cultural dimensions in/the activity. Like this, there is the possibility to understand the appropriate space transformed in cheese territory that is heterogeneous and multiple, differently of many of the territories listed in the research in the regional and global scales. The reading of the different territories will allow to understand the paradigm of GI - Geographical Indications servant in the countries of Europe and defended by the actors and the institutional net that supports the handmade production in Latin America. Differently of the experiences listed in the regional scale, in Sergipe, after ten years, it was not identified progresses in relation to the elaboration of normative, addressed to that section, lasting long the informality. The mismatch of the politics for the handmade ambit in that State evidences a disconnection among the actions fomented by the institutional net in the territories for handmade cheese in the regional and global scales when there are advanced researches motivated by the symmetrical with intentions to the qualification of the products in an articulate way respecting the local knowing-doing. / A produção artesanal de derivados do leite configura distintos territórios nas escalas geográficas local, regional e global. Essa iniciativa autônoma expressa a obstinação do agricultor alicerçado pela territorialidade e identidade na busca da sua reprodução social. Apoia-se na combinação com outras atividades como a agricultura, a rede de comercialização e o mercado consumidor que demanda os referidos produtos que resguardam relações simbólicas nos territórios, fundamentadas na tradição e nos hábitos culturais dos grupos. Utiliza matéria-prima produzida exclusivamente no seu estabelecimento rural e/ou adquire com vizinhos, parentes e outros. Emprega mão de obra familiar e de acordo com o volume processado, absorve trabalhadores temporários e permanentes. O queijo artesanal constitui alvo de perseguições movidas pelo mercado formal e pela rede institucional em decorrência da ilegalidade e do não cumprimento da legislação em vigor. A incompatibilidade da legislação e o caráter impeditivo para com o setor artesanal é visível, uma vez que esse modelo foi incorporado pelo Brasil na década de 1950 em acordo com as exigências do mercado dos Estados Unidos e direcionada à grande produção, desconsiderando a produção artesanal. A estratégia da produção de queijos artesanais norteia esta tese e enuncia-se como objetivo geral do presente estudo: desvelar a configuração do SIAL queijeiro artesanal sergipano, sua contribuição para a reprodução social de diferentes atores, a circulação de capital local/territorial e os seus reflexos no tecido social/cultural/econômico do espaço apropriado conformado em território. Desvendar essa alternativa no espaço rural fundamentase na abordagem cultural da geografia por meio das análises da categoria território e dos conceitos da territorialidade, identidade e redes, entrelaçadas pelas discussões pautadas nos sistemas produtivos locais, configurados na concentração de fabriquetas de queijo no Sertão Sergipano do São Francisco. As análises dessa estratégia foram direcionadas para além das dimensões mercantis, vinculando às dimensões sociais e culturais inerentes na/a atividade. Desse modo, tem-se a possibilidade de entender o espaço apropriado, transformado em território queijeiro que é heterogêneo e múltiplo, diferentemente dos vários territórios elencados nesta pesquisa nas escalas regional e global. A leitura dos outros territórios permitirá entender o paradigma das IG- Indicações Geográficas criado nos países da Europa e defendidas pelos atores e a rede institucional que apóia a produção artesanal na América Latina. Dessemelhante das experiências elencadas na escala regional, em Sergipe, após dez anos, não se identificaram avanços com relação à elaboração de normativas direcionadas a esse setor, perdurando informalidade. O descompasso das políticas para o âmbito artesanal neste Estado evidencia uma desconexão com as ações fomentadas pela rede institucional nos territórios queijeiros artesanais nas escalas regional e global quando avançam pesquisas motivadas pelas relações simétricas com vistas à qualificação dos produtos, de forma articulada, respeitando o saber-fazer local.

Rapid growing population, urbanization, climate change, decreasing agricultural production, and soil degradation causes massive challenges for food production and supply chain in Southeast Asia, especially in urban areas. A sustainable food production and supply chain system is needed to produce and supply food for Southeast Asia urban areas. One potential solution to those challenges is introducing vertical farming. Vertical farming can produce high-quality crops locally and sustainably by reducing water and land use, decreasing pesticide use, reducing carbon footprint, and growing plants in any climate. This research aims to identify the current status of vertical farming startups in Southeast Asia, investigate the existing challenges and available opportunities in the Southeast Asia vertical farming industry, and analyze the sustainability practices and sustainable business model innovation implemented by Southeast Asia vertical farming startups. A literature review of vertical farming business typology, business model innovation, and sustainable business model innovation is used to create theoretical frameworks in this research. This research is an exploratory multiple case studies research with a qualitative method. The data in this research is collected through interviews with founders and managers from 10 vertical farming startups in Southeast Asia. The interview data is analyzed using vertical farming business typology, business model framework, and sustainable business model innovation archetypes. The research outcomes indicate that the vertical farming industry in Southeast Asia is an early growing industry, and Southeast Asia vertical farming startups are considered as early growing startups with small capital and small teams. Despite existing financial, operational, and market challenges, Southeast Asia vertical farming startups have considerable opportunities to grow with their effort to develop their vertical farming business into a more sustainable business by conducting various sustainability practices and adopting sustainable business model innovation. / Snabbt växande befolkning, urbanisering, klimatförändringar, minskad jordbruksproduktion och markförstöring orsakar enorma utmaningar för livsmedelsproduktionen och försörjningskedjan i Sydostasien, särskilt i stadsområden. En hållbar livsmedelsproduktion och försörjningskedja behövs för att producera och leverera mat till Sydostasiens stadsområden. En potentiell lösning på dessa utmaningar är att införa vertikalt jordbruk. Vertikalt jordbruk kan producera högkvalitativa grödor lokalt och hållbart genom att minska vatten- och markanvändningen, minska användningen av bekämpningsmedel, minska koldioxidavtrycket och odla växter i alla klimat. Denna forskning syftar till att identifiera den nuvarande statusen för vertikala jordbruks-startups i Sydostasien, undersöka de befintliga utmaningarna och tillgängliga möjligheter i den vertikala jordbruksindustrin och analysera hållbarhetspraxis och hållbar affärsmodellsinnovation som implementerats av vertikala jordbruks-startups. En litteraturgenomgång av vertikal jordbruksverksamhetstypologi och hållbar affärsmodellsinnovation används för att skapa teoretiskt ramverk i denna studie. I detta examensarbete tillämpas en kvalitativ forskning med flera fallstudier. Data samlas in genom intervjuer med grundare och chefer från 10 vertikala jordbruks-startups i Sydostasien. Intervjudata analyseras med hjälp av typologi för vertikal jordbruksföretag, ramverk för affärsmodeller och arketyper för hållbar affärsmodellsinnovation. Resultaten indikerar att den vertikala jordbruksindustrin i Sydostasien är en tidig växande industri, med tidigt växande startups med litet kapital och små team. Trots befintliga ekonomiska, operativa och marknadsmässiga utmaningar har vertikala jordbruks-startups i Sydostasien stora möjligheter att växa med sina ansträngningar att utveckla sin vertikala jordbruksverksamhet till en mer hållbar verksamhet genom att bedriva olika hållbarhetsmetoder och införa hållbar affärsmodellsinnovation.