Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:59:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 marsola_fc_me_botfm.pdf: 236303 bytes, checksum: 4c9c47e3db11c4829060ac069a40955e (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar as características sócio-demográficas de adultos com diferentes padrões alimentares e as associações destes com os componentes da síndrome metabólica. Foi realizado estudo transversal descritivo em uma amostra de 237 indivíduos cadastrados em uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família. A avaliação socioeconômica e demográfica foi realizada através de questionário e a ingestão alimentar por recordatório de 24 horas e questionário de freqüência alimentar. Foram aferidas pressão arterial, circunferência abdominal, peso e estatura. Os bioquímicos analisados foram HLD-C, glicemia e triglicerídios, por calorimetria enzimática, utilizados no critério diagnóstico da Síndrome Metabólica (NCEP ATP-III, 2001). Para as análises estatísticas foram calculadas frequências e porcentagens para variáveis categóricas com comparação por qui-quadrado e para as contínuas foram calculadas as estatísticas descritivas com comparações pelo teste de Wilcoxon. A identificação dos padrões alimentares foi realizada por meio da análise fatorial com rotação VARIMAX. Foi realizada regressão linear múltipla e logística para verificar a relação entre os componentes da síndrome metabólica e os padrões alimentares e regressão logística para verificar a relação entre os componentes da síndrome metabólica e os quartis de consumo do percentual dos alimentos industrializados da dieta. Foi adotado nível de significância de 5% e as análises foram feitas do software SAS for Windows, v.9.1.3. Foram identificados quatro padrões alimentares nomeados padrão ocidental (pizza, lanche, macarrão instantâneo, biscoitos, doces, gorduras e bebidas açucaradas, padrão tradicional (arroz, feijão, farináceos e macarrão), padrão saudável (laticínios integrais, suco natural, pão integral, frutas, hortaliças, pipoca e peixe)... / The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sociodemographic characteristics of adults with different dietary patterns and the associations of these patterns with the components of metabolic syndrome. This cross-sectional descriptive study included 237 individuals registered in the Family Health Strategy. Socioeconomic and demographic data were assessed by a questionnaire and dietary intake by a 24-h recall and a food frequency questionnaire. Arterial hypertension, abdominal circumference, weight and height were measured. Enzymatic calorimetry was used to measure plasma HLD-C, glucose and triglycerydes, used to diagnose metabolic syndrome (NCEP ATP-III, 2001). For statistical analyses, frequencies and percentages were estimated for categorical variables and compared by the Chi-square test while descriptive statistics were calculated for continuous variables and compared by the test of Wilcoxon. Dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis with VARIMAX rotation. The relationships of metabolic syndrome components with dietary patterns and with quartiles of industrialized food intake percent were assessed by multiple linear and logistic regressions, and logistic regression, respectively. Analyses were performed using SAS for Windows, v.9.1.3 and significance level was set at 5%. Four dietary patterns were identified and named western (pizza, snack, instant noodles, biscuits, sweets, fats and sweetened beverages), traditional (rice, beans, flour products and pasta), healthy (whole dairy products, natural juice, whole bread, fruit, vegetables, popcorn and fish) and coffee/sugar (sugar, coffee and candies). Individuals with a traditional pattern were older, whereas those with a western pattern had higher education level, and those with a healthy pattern had a lower minimum wage income. The coffee/sugar pattern showed the lowest odds ratio for hypertension... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007 / Chinese students study in South Africa on account of the English environment and cheaper tuition fees. Owing to the increased Chinese student population in South Africa, a potential Chinese food market is being mooted, and it is therefore necessary to undertake research to define this potential market opportunity in order to provide information to entrepreneurs who are interested in establishing a business in the Chinese food market in the Cape Metropolis. Chinese students who are studying at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) and the University of the Western Cape (UWC) will be the focus of the research. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the food consumption behaviour of these students and their attitudes towards Chinese and South African foods. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect information on the demographic characteristics of Chinese students, their current food consumption habits and attitudes towards Chinese and South African food. The data collection and analysis was computed by means of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences methodology. The results reflected that students generally prefer not to eat at home and that they eat both Chinese and South African food alternately. Furthermore, the attitudes towards of the respondents towards Chinese and South African foods are influenced by factors such as freshness, convenience and availability.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-07-28T14:07:54Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Mestrado Priscilla Alves Santos.pdf: 1293471 bytes, checksum: 3b49693740c5dee22a179a5e2defbd37 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-28T14:07:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Mestrado Priscilla Alves Santos.pdf: 1293471 bytes, checksum: 3b49693740c5dee22a179a5e2defbd37 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-16 / Com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade da dieta e seus fatores associados em nutricionistas do sexo feminino do estado de Pernambuco, foi realizado um estudo observacional, com uma amostra de 135 nutricionistas com idade média de 33,210,0 anos. As informações foram obtidas através do preenchimento de questionário online, de onde foram coletados dados demográficos, de estilo de vida, antropométricos e autopercepção do peso corporal. O excesso de peso foi definido pelo índice de massa corporal (IMC) ≥ 25kg/m2 e a obesidade abdominal foi determinada pela circunferência abdominal (CA) ≥80cm e pela razão cintura-estatura (RCE) >0,5. Dados sobre o consumo alimentar foram coletados através de dois recordatórios de 24h. O consumo calórico foi dicotomizado em acima e abaixo da Necessidade de Energia Estimada (Estimated Energy Requirement - EER), sendo observada a proporção de indivíduos em cada caso. A qualidade da dieta foi avaliada através do Índice de Qualidade da Dieta Revisado (IQD-R), sendo categorizadas em dieta adequada as nutricionistas que apresentaram valores acima do terceiro tercil (IQD-R>78,3 pontos). Para identificar as variáveis associadas à dieta inadequada foi realizada a Regressão de Poisson. A média do IQD-R encontrada foi de 71,612,6 pontos, sendo que, do total de mulheres envolvidas neste estudo, 66,7% apresentaram dieta inadequada. Quanto ao estado nutricional, o excesso de peso e a obesidade abdominal foram encontrados em 23,0% e 50,4% das mulheres, respectivamente. Após ajuste, as variáveis autopercepção de magreza (RP ajustada=0,31 IC95% 0,12-0,63), número de filhos ≥2 (RP ajustada=0,53 IC95% 0,25-0,78) e não fazer exercícios físicos (RP ajustada=1,26 IC95% 1,06-1,43) permaneceram independentemente associadas à dieta inadequada. Dos componentes do IQD-R, os que apresentaram os consumos mais inadequados foram cereais integrais e óleos. Além disso, sete componentes (frutas totais; frutas integrais; vegetais totais; vegetais verdes escuros e alaranjados; cereais totais; carnes, ovos e leguminosas; e sódio) apresentaram pontuação máxima, demonstrando que as mulheres alcançaram as recomendações para esses componentes dietéticos. Observou-se que o percentual de dieta inadequada é alto para este tipo de público, detentor do conhecimento da Nutrição, que o fato de não praticar exercício físico é fator de risco para a má qualidade da dieta, bem como se achar magro e ter mais de dois filhos é fator protetor contra a mesma. / Aiming to assess the quality of diet and its associated factors in female nutritionists from the State of Pernambuco, we conducted an observational study with a sample of 135 nutritionists with mean age of 33.2±10.0 years. By means of an online questionnaire, demographic, lifestyle, anthropometric and self-perception of body weight data were collected. Overweight was determined by the body mass index (BMI) ≥25kg/m2 and abdominal obesity was determined by abdominal circumference (WC) ≥80cm and by the waist-to-height ratio (WHR) > 0,5. Data on food consumption were collected using two 24-hour dietary recalls. The caloric consumption was dichotomized into above and below the Estimated Energy Requirement (EER), and it was observed the proportion of individuals in each case. The quality of diet was assessed using the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised (BHEI-R). Subjects who presented a BHEI-R above the third tercil (>78.3 points) were categorized into proper diet. To identify the variables associated with inadequate diet was performed Poisson regression analysis. The BHEI-R average found was 71.6±12.6 points, and, of all women involved in this study, 66.7% showed inadequate diet. Regarding nutritional status, overweight and abdominal obesity were found in 23.0% and 50.4% of women, respectively. After adjustment, self-perception of thinness (adjusted PR=0.31 95%CI 0.12-0.63), number of children ≥2 (adjusted PR = 0.53 95%CI 0.25-0.78), and physical inactivity (adjusted PR=1.26 95%CI 1.06-1.43) remained independently associated with inadequate diet. Of the BHEI-R components, whole grain cereals and oils were among the most inadequate intakes. In addition, seven components (total fruits; whole fruits; total vegetables; dark green and orange vegetables; total cereals; meat, eggs and legumes; and sodium) presented maximum score, demonstrating that women achieved the recommendations for these dietary components. We found that the percentage of inadequate diet is high for this public, who has knowledge of nutrition, and that physical inactivity is a risk factor for poor diet. On the other hand, finding themselves thin and having more than two children is a protective factor against this problem.

Trata-se de um estudo caso-controle de câncer de reto como parte do \"Estudo Epidemiológico de Câncer de Esôfago e de Reto no Município de são Paulo\". O estudo compreendeu 92 casos de cancer de reto e 200 controles categorizados em 3 sub-conjuntos (amostra pareada, global e estratificada). Foram objeto de análise as variáveis: local de nascimento do indivíduo e de seus pais, zona de nascimento (rural/urbana) consumo de alimentos (carnes, ovos, verduras, temperos) características do hábito intestinal, tabagismo e consumo de bebidas (cerveja, vinho e pinga). As estimativas dos Riscos Relativos (RR) por ponto e respectivos testes de significância foram calculados para cada tipo de amostra. Utilizou-se análise multivariada, através do procedimento de máxima verossimilhança condicional para a amostra estratificada e os procedimentos clássicos para as amostras pareada e global. A análise estatística dos resultados evidenciou associação positiva apenas entre o consumo de queijo e câncer de reto (RR = 1,41 I--------I 4,30). Não está afastada a possibilidade de que a significância encontrada seja devido a um artefato estatístico, dada a multiplicidade de testes efetuados. A possível associação entre o consumo queijo e câncer de reto, portanto, deve ser interpretada com reserva. / This is a case-control study of rectal cancer and is part of \"The Epidemiological Study of Esophagus and Rectal Cancers in the City of são Paulo, Brazil\". The study included 92 cases of rectal cancer and 200 controls (classified in three types: matched, global and stratified samples). The analised variables were: state of birth classified in great regions of Brazil, place of birth (rural/urban) ,food consumption (meats, eggs, fruits, vegetables, cereals, beans, seasonings, dairy products) caracteristics of the bowel movements, smoking habits and alcohol consumption (beer, wine and hard liquor-\"pinga\"). The point estimates of the Relative Risks and their significance tests were calculated for each type of sample. Multivariate analysis was done, for the stratified sample the conditional maximum likelihood procedure was used and classical procedures (Me Nemar and Cross Ratio estimate) for the other samples. The statistical analysis indicated a positive/association only between cheese consumption and cancer of the rectum (RR = 1,41 I------I 4,30). There is the possibility that the observed statistical significance is a statistical artefact due to the multiplicity of tests that have been perfomed. Because of this, the possible association between cheese consumption and cancer of the rectum must be viewed with caution.

O presente estudo teve por objetivo descrever a relação entre o consumo de cálcio, proteína e energia pela dieta e a densidade mineral óssea do colo do fêmur em homens adultos e idosos de diferentes grupos raciais, aplicando estratégias de correções de medidas de consumo alimentar. É um estudo observacional, transversal, abrangendo 306 homens voluntários, com 50 anos e mais de idade. A DMO do colo do fêmur foi avaliada pelo exame de densitometria óssea por emissão dupla de raios X e o consumo de cálcio, proteína e energia pelo método de registro alimentar de três dias. As medidas de consumo de cálcio e proteína foram ajustadas pela ingestão energética utilizando-se análise de regressão linear. Os coeficientes de correlação e regressão foram corrigidos pela variabilidade intra e interpessoal de consumo, utilizando-se análise de variância. A média da DMO do colo do fêmur foi de 0,916 g/ cm2 (DP = 0,144). A média de consumo de cálcio bruto foi de 685,3 mg/dia (DP = 320,1 mg). O ajuste do consumo dos nutrientes pela energia ingerida não alterou as suas médias, mas reduziu o desvio padrão em 15 por cento para cálcio e 35 por cento para proteína. Verificou-se que o ajuste do consumo dos nutrientes pela energia ingerida reduziu a correlação com a DMO do colo do fêmur tanto para cálcio (-51,2 por cento ), como para proteína (-33,1 por cento ). E por sua vez, a correção pela variabilidade intrapessoal e interpessoal do consumo ajustado, resultou em aumento da força de correlação com a DMO em 25,9 por cento para consumo de cálcio, 15,7 por cento para consumo de proteína e 15,4 por cento para consumo de energia. Os consumos dos nutrientes não foram associados à DMO do colo do fêmur tanto na análise univariada como na múltipla, exceção para os indivíduos da raça negra que apresentaram correlação positiva e significativa da DMO com o consumo de cálcio, mas não independente do IMC. Os principais fatores associados à DMO do colo do fêmur foram idade, altura e índice de massa corporal. Atividade física de lazer foi associada positivamente a DMO da população branca, mas não da negra. Conclui-se que os ajustes e as correções feitas nas medidas de consumo de cálcio, proteína e energia foram importantes para obter-se melhor estimativa da real correlação entre as variáveis de consumo alimentar com a DMO do colo do fêmur. / The objective of this study was to describe the relationship between dietetic calcium, protein and energy intake and bone mineral density of the femoral neck (FNBMD) in adult and elderly men of different racial groups, applying strategies of corrections in measures of food consumption. It is a cross-sectional study including 306 voluntary men, aged 50 years and more. FNBMD was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and the dietetic calcium, protein and energy intake were recorded using the food record method for three days. The measures of calcium and protein intakes were adjusted for the energy intake by using regression analysis. The correlation and regression were corrected by the between and within-subject variation in nutrient intake, using variance analysis. FNBMD mean was 0.916 g/cm2 (DP = 0.144 g/cm2). Calcium intake mean was 685.3 mg/day (DP = 320.1 mg/day). The energy adjustment of the consumption of the nutrients didn\'t change the means, but it reduced the standard deviation in 15 per cent for calcium and 35 per cent for protein. It was verified that the energy adjustment of the consumption of the nutrients reduced the correlation between FNBMD and calcium intake (-51.2 per cent ), as well as between FNBMD and protein intake (-33.1 per cent ). The correction for the between and within-subject variation in adjusted consumption, resulted in increase of correlation with BMD in 25.9 per cent for calcium intake, 15.7 per cent for protein intake and 15.4 per cent for energy intake. The consumptions of the nutrients were not associated with FNBMD in the univariate or multiple analysis, except for the black race individual who presented positive and significant correlation of FNBMD with the calcium intake. The main factors associated with FNBMD were age, height and body mass index. Physical activity of lazer was associated with FNBMD in the white population, but not in the black ones. The adjustment and the corrections done in the measures of calcium, protein and energy intake were important to get a better estimate of the real correlation among the variables of food consumption with FNBMD

Objetivo. Investigar o papel da dieta no câncer oral. Métodos. Este estudo utilizou dados do Município de São Paulo obtidos em um estudo multicêntrico tipo caso-controle de base hospitalar. Participaram 845 indivíduos (366 casos incidentes de câncer oral e 469 controles). Os dados de consumo alimentar foram obtidos por um questionário de freqüência alimentar (QFA). Verificou-se o risco associado ao consumo de alimentos e de grupos de alimentos definidos a priori e a posteriori, por análise fatorial, estes últimos denominados \"fatores\". O primeiro fator, rotulado como \"prudente\", caracterizou-se pelo consumo de vegetais, frutas, queijo e carne de aves. O segundo, \"tradicional\", pelo consumo de arroz e massas, feijão e carne; o terceiro fator, pelo consumo de pão, manteiga, embutidos, queijos, doces e sobremesas. O último fator, \"monótono\", associou-se negativamente ao consumo de frutas, vegetais e alimentos lácteos. Após categorização dos fatores dietéticos em tercis, foram estimados os valores da Razão de Chances e Intervalos de Confiança de 95 por cento por regressão logística múltipla não condicional. Resultados. Verificaram-se associações inversas para o consumo mais elevado de feijão e vegetais crus e para o tercil intermediário de arroz e massas; e diretas para o consumo de ovos, batata e leite. O padrão tradicional associou-se inversamente ao câncer oral, e o monótono positivamente. Nossos dados sugerem que a dieta tradicional do brasileiro, composta por arroz e feijão, além do consumo de frutas, vegetais e quantidades moderadas de carnes, pode conferir proteção para o câncer oral, independente de fatores de risco reconhecidos, como o fumo e o consumo alcoólico. / Objective: to identify dietary factors related with oral cancer in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: this study is part of a Latin American multicentre hospital based case-control. Participated 366 incident cases of oral cancer in Sao Paulo City, and 469 controls, frequency matched with cases by sex and age. The dietary data was collected by a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The risk associated to the intake of food and food groups, defined a priori and a posteriori, through factor analysis (so-called factors) was analyzed. The first factor, labeled \"prudent\', was characterized for the intake of vegetables, fruits, cheese and poultry. The second, \"traditional\', for the intake of rice, pasta, pulses and meat, while the third, named \"snacks\" was characterized for the intake of bread, butter, salami, cheese, cakes and desserts. The last, \"monotonous\", was associated inversely with the intake of fruits, vegetables and most of the others food items. After categorization of the food items and the scores of the factors into tertiles, the Odds Ratio and 95 per cent Confidence lnterval were calculated by unconditional multiple logistic regression. Results: The intake of rice, beans and raw vegetables was associated with lower risk, whereas eggs, potatoes and milk were associated with increased risk. The traditional pattern was inversely related with the oral cancer, while the monotonous was positively associated. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the Brazilian traditional habit of eating meals composed by rice and beans, plus moderated quantities of meat, may conter protection against the oral cancer, independent of other risk factors, as alcohol and tobacco consumption.

Access to adequate and nutritionally balanced food to achieve a productive and healthy life for all individuals, on a daily basis, has been an elusive challenge in several parts of the world. In many developing countries such as Botswana, increasing per capita food consumption has been hampered by poverty as well as poor access to marketable skills and employment opportunities. Experience and studies elsewhere indicate that international trade liberalization based on comparative cost advantage in the goods sectors, can greatly improve per capita food consumption through improved export market access and reduction in tariffs. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of international trade liberalization on food security/household welfare and the competitiveness of the agricultural sector in Botswana. In undertaking this study basically two hypotheses were made. Firstly, it is hypothesized that trade liberalization within SACU through the reduction of agricultural tariffs on food commodities can improve per capita consumption by reducing domestic food prices. Currently, products like maize grain, beef, dairy and wheat grain attract an import duty which partly increases their domestic prices within SACU. Poor households in Botswana, in particular, spend a disproportionate share of their disposable income on food most of which is imported. Secondly, this study also hypothesizes that improved market access of agricultural exports for Botswana based on WTO rules could generate additional foreign earnings that could be used to import more food. Globally, agricultural trade is characterized by distortions that restrict free commerce based on comparative advantage. Direct producer price and input subsidies together with export subsidies to farmers especially in major trade players like the EU, USA and Japan constitute barriers to trade and disadvantage developing countries like Botswana which have comparative advantage in several farm commodities. Subsidies by major industrialized countries create an artificial comparative advantage for their farmers as without direct farmer assistance, it is doubtful if some of them could invest in agriculture! Secondary data on international trade and social accounting matrix (SAM) were used in this study. Trade data were used to conduct policy simulations in order to determine the effects of trade liberalization on food security and competitiveness of the agricultural sector in Botswana. SAM data for 1993/94 were modified and used to generate income and price multipliers to undertake policy simulations. Data from SAM captures the income and demand linkages in the economy. Using partial equilibrium and economy-wide approach (SAM multiplier analysis), this study shows that Botswana can improve its household welfare or per capita food consumption through an increase in export earnings which in turn could be used to import more food at competitive prices. Except for meat products especially beef, Botswana is a net-importer of most food items. Based on a partial equilibrium agricultural trade policy model, this study found that the country’s agricultural sector enjoys global comparative advantage in beef exports if there was global trade liberalization. The model advocates for the reduction of direct producer price, input and export subsidies in the agricultural sector by WTO members. Beef earnings including those from other goods like textiles and minerals are used to purchase imported food to increase domestic supply. Through a SAM income multiplier analysis, policy simulations on improved export market access for beef and textiles indicated that households, factors and activities gained from global trade liberalization. However, poor households without assets or factors such as capital and skills marginally benefited from improved export market access. This finding also indicates the potential negative income distributional effects which require policy support to benefit poor households during trade liberalization. Beef and textiles exports were chosen when undertaking policy simulations based on improved market access. With a SAM price multiplier analysis, policy simulations based on SACU tariff reduction on maize grain, beef, powdered milk and wheat grain was made. Applied tariffs were used for policy simulations. A reduction in tariffs not only improves household welfare, factors and activities also benefit through lower domestic food costs/prices. This study found that SACU tariff reduction indeed contributed to welfare improvements among households in Botswana as their cost of living declined. Poor households, in particular, benefited most from tariff reduction in imported food commodities. Factors including low-wage workers also gained from a reduction of import duties on selected food commodities. However, government loses tariff revenue when import duties are cut while producers of exports enjoying preferential markets such as the beef producers in Botswana lose when trade-distorting agricultural subsides are removed/reduced. Like government, consumers of imported food items are, in short term, adversely affected by an increase in food prices following the reduction of trade-distorting agricultural subsidies (producer price, input and export subsidies). The results of the SAM price multiplier analysis also indicated limited price/cost transmission in the economy following tariff reduction. Limited price transmission or circular flow of cost reduction in the economy imply weak competition in the market, poor information dissemination, institutional rigidities, etc hence the need for an effective competition policy and law. An effective competition policy and authority minimizes unfair trading practices and provides consumers and the economy with choice and possibly maximum net-value for money. In addition to improving welfare and reducing cost of living, etc, this study also found that when policy simulations/shocks were made, income and demand linkages in the economy were identified. In some simulations the linkages demonstrated a strong circular flow of income/price transmission while in others the multiplier effects were weak indicating limited economic integration/competition, a policy challenge that requires efforts for sustained diversification. Based on the results from SAM multiplier analysis, this study has provided Botswana with useful information to design policies that enhance economic integration and diversification. To maximize her benefits from international trade liberalization, Botswana also needs to implement complementary policies to address supply-side constraints and improve infrastructure, competition, information technology, etc. Safeguard mechanisms are still necessary to protect the agricultural sector and the economy in Botswana from unfair trade practices including market failure. / Thesis (PhD (Agricultural Economics))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development / PhD / unrestricted

This paper examines the process of converging and industrializing food habits in Hong Kong. It does this by examining changes in the food system as a whole, placing consumption patterns in the context of the local food system and local social formation. In turn, local dynamics are placed in a global context. It is within the global context that the geographical homogenization of available foodstuffs is occurring. It is, however, in local place where the processes and trends are manifested. The paper begins with a discussion of the research issues and questions that surround the studies of consumption, food habits and Hong Kong. There is then a section which deals with the nature of food as an industrial commodity and the nature of the world industrial food system. The logic behind the geographical homogenization is drawn out of this discussion. The paper then turns to the geographical setting of the Hong Kong case; first describing the nature of the local social formation then moving on to consider changes in the local food system in the post Second World War period. Changes in the import/export profile, the local food production economy and the local circulatory sphere are outlined. These areas exhibit a tendency to capital intensification and internationalization. Finally changes in the actual consumption patterns of the people of Hong Kong are addressed. The conclusion of the analysis is that the Hong Kong social formation and the Hong Kong food system are undergoing a radical transformation: one where globally articulated capitalist 'patterns of regulation' are coming to shape the nature of agency in regards to food consumption in the local place that is Hong Kong. / Arts, Faculty of / Geography, Department of / Graduate

A aplicação de agrotóxicos na produção agrícola se relaciona com várias áreas do conhecimento, com destaque para a saúde pública, devido aos riscos envolvidos. No Brasil o uso indiscriminado, faz com que o país lidere, desde o ano de 2008, o consumo dessa classe de produtos. O objetivo geral do trabalho foi estimar a ingestão crônica de agrotóxicos pela população brasileira por meio da dieta, destacando as substâncias com maior consumo e suas implicações toxicológicas. Para este fim foram utilizados os alimentos registrados no bloco de consumo alimentar da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares 2008-2009, conduzida pelo IBGE, e a exposição foi estimada pelo cálculo de Ingestão Diária Máxima Teórica (IDMT). A caracterização do risco foi realizada pela comparação da IDMT com os valores da Ingestão Diária Aceitável (IDA), estipuladas em mg/kg peso corporal/dia sendo aplicado o peso individual dos integrantes da amostra (n=33.613) da POF (bloco de consumo alimentar). Foram elaboradas analises discriminando a população brasileira, de acordo com as grandes regiões e situação domiciliar (urbana ou rural). Dos 283 agrotóxicos considerados para a pesquisa, 68 compostos excederam ao valor da IDA. O composto brometo de metila ocupou a primeira posição como composto com maior consumo estimado para a população brasileira. Este agrotóxico é classificado como extremamente tóxico, e seu uso está em descontinuação global por causar danos à camada de ozônio, além dos riscos à saúde de trabalhadores rurais e moradores de regiões próximas às áreas de produção agrícola. Quando estudadas as grandes regiões do país, as regiões Norte (59 agrotóxicos), Nordeste (62 agrotóxicos) e Sul (48 agrotóxicos) apresentaram um menor numero de agrotóxicos extrapolando aos valores da IDA, em comparação com o total identificado para a população brasileira (n= 68). Já as regiões sudeste e centro-oeste apresentaram número superior de compostos que extrapolaram ao valor da IDA, sendo um total de 69 compostos para ambas as regiões. Também foi estudada a exposição nos setores urbano e rural, sendo constatado que 67 compostos excederam ao valor da IDA em ambas as situações domiciliares. Para a área rural os riscos envolvidos se relacionam com a aplicação destes produtos, configurando risco de intoxicação aguda. É importante considerar que a caracterização do risco crônico será mais próxima da realidade quanto melhor os dados refletirem as condições do alimento no momento do consumo. Com isso, é recomendável a realização de estudos sobre a exposição aos agrotóxicos para a população brasileira, principalmente quanto às implicações toxicológicas, e considerando os grupos mais vulneráveis. / The application of pesticides in agricultural production is related to several areas of knowledge, with emphasis on public health, due to the risks involved. In Brazil, the indiscriminate use has led the country to lead, since 2008, the consumption of this class of products. The general objective of the study was to estimate the chronic intake of pesticides by the Brazilian population through diet, highlighting the substances with the highest consumption and their toxicological implications. For this purpose, the foods registered in the food consumption block of the Family Budget Survey 2008-2009, conducted by IBGE, were used and the exposure was estimated by the calculation of Theoretical Maximum Daily Intake (IDMT). The risk characterization was performed by comparing the IDMT with the values of Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), stipulated in mg / kg body weight / day, and the individual weight of the sample members (n = 33,613) of POF to feed. Analyzes were carried out discriminating the Brazilian population, according to the major regions and domiciliary situation (urban or rural). Of the 283 pesticides considered for the research, 68 compounds exceeded the ADI value. The methyl bromide compound occupied the first position as the compound with the highest consumption estimated for the Brazilian population. This pesticide is classified as extremely toxic, and its use is in global discontinuation for causing damage to the ozone layer, in addition to the health risks of rural workers and residents of regions near the agricultural production areas. When the major regions of the country were studied, the North (59 pesticides), Northeastern (62 pesticides) and South (48 agrochemicals) regions presented a lower number of agrochemicals than those identified for the Brazilian population (N = 68). On the other hand, the southeastern and central-western regions presented a higher number of compounds that extrapolated to the value of the ADI, being a total of 69 compounds for both regions. Exposure in the urban and rural sectors was also studied, and it was found that 67 compounds exceeded the ADI value in both domiciliary situations. For the rural area the risks involved are related to the application of these products, posing the risk of acute intoxication. It is important to consider that the characterization of chronic risk will be closer to reality the better the data reflect the conditions of the food at the time of consumption. Therefore, it is advisable to carry out studies on exposure to pesticides for the Brazilian population, mainly regarding the toxicological implications, and considering the most vulnerable groups.

付記する学位プログラム名: グローバル生存学大学院連携プログラム / 京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地域研究) / 甲第23303号 / 地博第284号 / 新制||地||109(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科アフリカ地域研究専攻 / (主査)教授 大山 修一, 教授 平野(野元) 美佐, 教授 高橋 基樹, 教授 太田 至 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Area Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM