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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Lokalradio och kommersiell radio 1975−2010 : En mediehistorisk studie av produktion och konkurrens / Local radio and commercial radio 1975−2010 : A media historical study of production and competition

Forsman, Michael January 2011 (has links)
The main question in this dissertation is: How can the emergence of local and commercial radio and the ensuing changes within each be understood in relation to intermedial and intramedial competition? This overarching question is broken down into four research questions. What driving forces contributed to the implementation of local and commercial radio respectively? (How can the competitive context of these two radio forms be described and periodized? In what ways have the practices of producing radio output, radio audiences and brands changed during the period covered by this study? What similarities and differences have emerged between local radio and commercial radio over time? This study can be seen as an institutional media history, focusing on two distinctive periods in the history of Swedish radio and television, Decentralization (1977-1987) and Commercialization (1987 onwards). The empirical material consists of documents, press clippings and some forty semi-structured in-depth interviews. Theoretically the dissertation combines political economy with a cultural perspective on media production and institutional intentionality. The empirical content is a two-part study on local radio and on commercial radio, presented through narrative principles of chronology and periodization. The results of the study are integrated to a large extent into the historical presentation that makes up the major part of the dissertation. More specifically, this historical exposition shows that issues of competition were important also before the deregulation of Swedish radio in 1993, and that the competitive conditions for these two parts of the Swedish radio landscape are on the one hand fundamentally different and on the other have become more similar over the years, especially when it comes to competitive strategies and production philosophies.
22

Parcerias público-privadas no setor de infraestrutura em saneamento : uma análise da relação entre o estado e a iniciativa privada

Groselli, Ricardo January 2010 (has links)
O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar os principais aspectos relativos à formatação de contratos das Parcerias Público-Privadas (PPP), entre o Estado e a iniciativa privada sob a ótica econômica, com foco no setor de saneamento básico, para melhoria dos resultados dos serviços prestados à população. Os instrumentos de análise são as experiências internacionais mais desenvolvidas e a base teórica disponível na literatura internacional, e também, os elementos essenciais considerados nas formatações das parcerias, indicadas por organismos internacionais. É apresentada a evolução das PPPs ao longo da história, os fundamentos teóricos dessas modalidades de atendimento à infraestrutura e provisão de serviços. Os principais modelos de parcerias desenvolvidas e as diferentes formatações das mesmas são expostos, apontando aplicação dessa tecnologia em diferentes áreas ao redor do mundo. Situam-se as principais demandas, dificuldades e oportunidades em saneamento básico no Brasil, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, na cidade de Porto Alegre, onde a formatação de PPPs é uma alternativa para acessibilidade aos serviços e ao desenvolvimento das infraestruturas demandadas pela sociedade, em um ambiente de restrição de recursos governamentais, em conjunto de normas legais e aspectos regulatórios existentes. Pontuam-se os principais tópicos a serem considerados na constituição, desenvolvimento e implementação de uma PPP, tanto sob a ótica do Estado quanto do operador privado e da sociedade, sendo o norte principal os instrumentos utilizados em diferentes países com sucesso na utilização da tecnologia e as bases dos programas incentivados por organismos como World Bank, Fundo Monetário Internacional e United Nations. Considera o ferramental de análise usado durante as diferentes fases do processo e da efetividade e da eficiência de uma PPP para todos os agentes envolvidos. Do conjunto de informações coletadas e analisadas, percebe-se a grande oportunidade para o Brasil e seus entes federados utilizar a tecnologia para resolver os problemas existentes no setor de saneamento, em especial, embora haja limitação de informações, para a formatação e constituição de PPPs. / This dissertation aims to evaluate the main aspects concerning the format of contracts for public-private partnerships between state and private initiative, under the economic perspective, focusing on the basic sanitation sector, and whose results are to improve services population. The analytical tools are the most developed international experiences and the theoretical basis presented by the international literature, as well as the essential elements to be considered in the formatting of the partnerships listed by international agencies. It shows the evolution of PPPs throughout history, as well as the theoretical foundation behind this type of service infrastructure and service provision. The main partnership models developed and the different formats of them are exposed, pointing application of this technology in different areas around the globe. It presents the main demands, challenges and opportunities in basic sanitation in Brazil, in state of Rio Grande do Sul, in Porto Alegre city, where the formatting of PPP is an alternative to accessibility to services and infrastructure development demands by society, in an environment of restricted resources of government, together with the legal and regulatory issues exist. It punctuates the main topics to be considered in the creation, development and implementation of a PPP, both from the perspective of the state, the private operator and society, with the northern main tools used in different countries with successful use of technology and the bases of the programs encouraged by bodies like the World Bank, International Monetary Fund and United Nations. It exposes analysis tools during different phases of the process and the effectiveness and efficiency of a PPP for all stakeholders. The set of information submitted, we find the greatest opportunity for Brazil and its federal entities to use technology to solve existing problems in the sanitation sector in particular, although there is limited data for formatting and setting up PPPs.
23

Simulation numérique du procédé de rétreint : application à la fabrication des bielles aéronautiques en aluminium 2024 et TA6V / Numerical simulation of swaging process : application to titanium, stainless steel and nickel based alloys forging

Gueye, Babacar 05 July 2011 (has links)
Le procédé de rétreint fait partie de la famille des techniques de mise en forme sans enlèvement de matière. La déformation du lopin est obtenue par chocs successifs d'un ensemble de matrices disposées autour de la pièce. Ce procédé est généralement utilisé pour la réduction de section de tubes ou de barres. Dans un contexte industriel, la maîtrise des paramètres procédé et la compréhension des phénomènes sous-jacents est indispensable pour non seulement limiter le temps de développement de nouveaux produits mais aussi diminuer le nombre de rebus des références qui posent problème. L'objectif de la thèse est de répondre à ces attentes en exploitant les possibilités offertes par la simulation numérique. Dans un premier temps, les alliages étudiés ont été caractérisés mécaniquement. En effet grâce à des essais de traction et d'impact de Taylor et à l'emploi d'une méthode d'identification par analyse inverse, les paramètres de la loi d'écoulement de Johnson-Cook ont été déterminés. Dès lors différents modèles, utilisant le code Abaqus/Explicit, ont été mis en place (du 2D axisymétrique au 3D en passant des modèles en reprenant que le quart de la pièce) et la validation s'est faite grâce à des campagnes d'essais réalisés sur site. Enfin, un progiciel développé en C++ sera livré à l'industrie. Il intègre différentes fonctionnalités comme la prédiction des efforts de forge par calcul analytique. Tous ces outils numériques et analytiques ont permis de mieux comprendre le procédé en termes de chemin d'écoulement de la matière, de distribution des contraintes et déformations et de profil d'évolution d'évolution de l'effort tout au long de la mise en forme. ABSTRACT : The shrinking process is part of the family of formatting techniques without removing material. / The shrinking process is part of the family of formatting techniques without removing material.
24

Parcerias público-privadas no setor de infraestrutura em saneamento : uma análise da relação entre o estado e a iniciativa privada

Groselli, Ricardo January 2010 (has links)
O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar os principais aspectos relativos à formatação de contratos das Parcerias Público-Privadas (PPP), entre o Estado e a iniciativa privada sob a ótica econômica, com foco no setor de saneamento básico, para melhoria dos resultados dos serviços prestados à população. Os instrumentos de análise são as experiências internacionais mais desenvolvidas e a base teórica disponível na literatura internacional, e também, os elementos essenciais considerados nas formatações das parcerias, indicadas por organismos internacionais. É apresentada a evolução das PPPs ao longo da história, os fundamentos teóricos dessas modalidades de atendimento à infraestrutura e provisão de serviços. Os principais modelos de parcerias desenvolvidas e as diferentes formatações das mesmas são expostos, apontando aplicação dessa tecnologia em diferentes áreas ao redor do mundo. Situam-se as principais demandas, dificuldades e oportunidades em saneamento básico no Brasil, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, na cidade de Porto Alegre, onde a formatação de PPPs é uma alternativa para acessibilidade aos serviços e ao desenvolvimento das infraestruturas demandadas pela sociedade, em um ambiente de restrição de recursos governamentais, em conjunto de normas legais e aspectos regulatórios existentes. Pontuam-se os principais tópicos a serem considerados na constituição, desenvolvimento e implementação de uma PPP, tanto sob a ótica do Estado quanto do operador privado e da sociedade, sendo o norte principal os instrumentos utilizados em diferentes países com sucesso na utilização da tecnologia e as bases dos programas incentivados por organismos como World Bank, Fundo Monetário Internacional e United Nations. Considera o ferramental de análise usado durante as diferentes fases do processo e da efetividade e da eficiência de uma PPP para todos os agentes envolvidos. Do conjunto de informações coletadas e analisadas, percebe-se a grande oportunidade para o Brasil e seus entes federados utilizar a tecnologia para resolver os problemas existentes no setor de saneamento, em especial, embora haja limitação de informações, para a formatação e constituição de PPPs. / This dissertation aims to evaluate the main aspects concerning the format of contracts for public-private partnerships between state and private initiative, under the economic perspective, focusing on the basic sanitation sector, and whose results are to improve services population. The analytical tools are the most developed international experiences and the theoretical basis presented by the international literature, as well as the essential elements to be considered in the formatting of the partnerships listed by international agencies. It shows the evolution of PPPs throughout history, as well as the theoretical foundation behind this type of service infrastructure and service provision. The main partnership models developed and the different formats of them are exposed, pointing application of this technology in different areas around the globe. It presents the main demands, challenges and opportunities in basic sanitation in Brazil, in state of Rio Grande do Sul, in Porto Alegre city, where the formatting of PPP is an alternative to accessibility to services and infrastructure development demands by society, in an environment of restricted resources of government, together with the legal and regulatory issues exist. It punctuates the main topics to be considered in the creation, development and implementation of a PPP, both from the perspective of the state, the private operator and society, with the northern main tools used in different countries with successful use of technology and the bases of the programs encouraged by bodies like the World Bank, International Monetary Fund and United Nations. It exposes analysis tools during different phases of the process and the effectiveness and efficiency of a PPP for all stakeholders. The set of information submitted, we find the greatest opportunity for Brazil and its federal entities to use technology to solve existing problems in the sanitation sector in particular, although there is limited data for formatting and setting up PPPs.
25

Parcerias público-privadas no setor de infraestrutura em saneamento : uma análise da relação entre o estado e a iniciativa privada

Groselli, Ricardo January 2010 (has links)
O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar os principais aspectos relativos à formatação de contratos das Parcerias Público-Privadas (PPP), entre o Estado e a iniciativa privada sob a ótica econômica, com foco no setor de saneamento básico, para melhoria dos resultados dos serviços prestados à população. Os instrumentos de análise são as experiências internacionais mais desenvolvidas e a base teórica disponível na literatura internacional, e também, os elementos essenciais considerados nas formatações das parcerias, indicadas por organismos internacionais. É apresentada a evolução das PPPs ao longo da história, os fundamentos teóricos dessas modalidades de atendimento à infraestrutura e provisão de serviços. Os principais modelos de parcerias desenvolvidas e as diferentes formatações das mesmas são expostos, apontando aplicação dessa tecnologia em diferentes áreas ao redor do mundo. Situam-se as principais demandas, dificuldades e oportunidades em saneamento básico no Brasil, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, na cidade de Porto Alegre, onde a formatação de PPPs é uma alternativa para acessibilidade aos serviços e ao desenvolvimento das infraestruturas demandadas pela sociedade, em um ambiente de restrição de recursos governamentais, em conjunto de normas legais e aspectos regulatórios existentes. Pontuam-se os principais tópicos a serem considerados na constituição, desenvolvimento e implementação de uma PPP, tanto sob a ótica do Estado quanto do operador privado e da sociedade, sendo o norte principal os instrumentos utilizados em diferentes países com sucesso na utilização da tecnologia e as bases dos programas incentivados por organismos como World Bank, Fundo Monetário Internacional e United Nations. Considera o ferramental de análise usado durante as diferentes fases do processo e da efetividade e da eficiência de uma PPP para todos os agentes envolvidos. Do conjunto de informações coletadas e analisadas, percebe-se a grande oportunidade para o Brasil e seus entes federados utilizar a tecnologia para resolver os problemas existentes no setor de saneamento, em especial, embora haja limitação de informações, para a formatação e constituição de PPPs. / This dissertation aims to evaluate the main aspects concerning the format of contracts for public-private partnerships between state and private initiative, under the economic perspective, focusing on the basic sanitation sector, and whose results are to improve services population. The analytical tools are the most developed international experiences and the theoretical basis presented by the international literature, as well as the essential elements to be considered in the formatting of the partnerships listed by international agencies. It shows the evolution of PPPs throughout history, as well as the theoretical foundation behind this type of service infrastructure and service provision. The main partnership models developed and the different formats of them are exposed, pointing application of this technology in different areas around the globe. It presents the main demands, challenges and opportunities in basic sanitation in Brazil, in state of Rio Grande do Sul, in Porto Alegre city, where the formatting of PPP is an alternative to accessibility to services and infrastructure development demands by society, in an environment of restricted resources of government, together with the legal and regulatory issues exist. It punctuates the main topics to be considered in the creation, development and implementation of a PPP, both from the perspective of the state, the private operator and society, with the northern main tools used in different countries with successful use of technology and the bases of the programs encouraged by bodies like the World Bank, International Monetary Fund and United Nations. It exposes analysis tools during different phases of the process and the effectiveness and efficiency of a PPP for all stakeholders. The set of information submitted, we find the greatest opportunity for Brazil and its federal entities to use technology to solve existing problems in the sanitation sector in particular, although there is limited data for formatting and setting up PPPs.
26

Exploring the Usage of Neural Networks for Repairing Static Analysis Warnings / Utforsking av användningen av neurala nätverk för att reparera varningar för statisk analys

Lohse, Vincent Paul January 2021 (has links)
C# provides static analysis libraries for template-based code analysis and code fixing. These libraries have been used by the open-source community to generate numerous NuGet packages for different use-cases. However, due to the unstructured vastness of these packages, it is difficult to find the ones required for a project and creating new analyzers and fixers take time and effort to create. Therefore, this thesis proposes a neural network, which firstly imitates existing fixers and secondly extrapolates to fixes of unseen diagnostics. To do so, the state-of-the-art of static analysis NuGet packages is examined and further used to generate a dataset with diagnostics and corresponding code fixes for 24,622 data points. Since many C# fixers apply formatting changes, all formatting is preserved in the dataset. Furthermore, since the fixers also apply identifier changes, the tokenization of the dataset is varied between splitting identifiers by camelcase and preserving them. The neural network uses a sequence-to-sequence learning approach with the Transformer model and takes file context, diagnostic message and location as input and predicts a diff as output. It is capable of imitating 46.3% of the fixes, normalized by diagnostic type, and for data points with unseen diagnostics, it is able to extrapolate to 11.9% of normalized data points. For both experiments, splitting identifiers by camelcase produces the best results. Lastly, it is found that a higher proportion of formatting tokens in input has minimal positive impact on prediction success rates, whereas the proportion of formatting in output has no impact on success rates. / C# tillhandahåller statiska analysbibliotek för mallbaserad kodanalys och kodfixering. Dessa bibliotek har använts av open source-gemenskapen för att generera många NuGet-paket för olika användningsfall. Men på grund av mängden av dessa paket är det svårt att hitta de som krävs för ett projekt och att skapa nya analysatorer och fixare tar tid och ansträngning att skapa. Därför föreslår denna avhandling ett neuralt nätverk, som för det första imiterar befintliga korrigeringar och för det andra extrapolerar till korrigeringar av osynlig diagnostik. För att göra det har det senaste inom statisk analys NuGetpaketen undersökts och vidare använts för att generera en datauppsättning med diagnostik och motsvarande kodfixar för 24 622 datapunkter. Eftersom många C# fixers tillämpar formateringsändringar, bevaras all formatering i datasetet. Dessutom, eftersom fixarna också tillämpar identifieringsändringar, varieras tokeniseringen av datamängden mellan att dela upp identifierare efter camelcase och att bevara dem. Det neurala nätverket använder en sekvenstill- sekvens-inlärningsmetod med Transformer-modellen och tar filkontext, diagnostiskt meddelande och plats som indata och förutsäger en skillnad som utdata. Den kan imitera 46,3% av korrigeringarna, normaliserade efter diagnostisk typ, och för datapunkter med osynlig diagnostik kan den extrapolera till 11,9% av normaliserade datapunkter. För båda experimenten ger uppdelning av identifierare efter camelcase de bästa resultaten. Slutligen har det visat sig att en högre andel formateringstokens i indata har minimal positiv inverkan på åndelen korrekta förutsägelser, medan andelen formatering i utdata inte har någon inverkan på åndelen korrekta förutsägelser.
27

Os reflexos condicionantes da parte geral da Lei 8.078/90 na formatação do direito material positivo das relações de consumo / The constraining reflexes of the General Part of Act 8.078/90 in formatting the positive substantive law of consumption relationship

Cruz, Guilherme Ferreira da 17 October 2011 (has links)
A investigação dos reflexos condicionantes da Parte Geral da Lei 8.078/90 na formatação do direito material positivo das relações de consumo se vincula diretamente à sistemática legislativa empregada na confecção do CDC, notadamente quanto aos seus dez primeiros artigos e à opção de neles se inscreverem as vigas mestras estruturantes de todo o seu sistema protetivo. É dizer: o direito material positivo das relações de consumo não pode ser visto de forma dissociada da Parte Geral da Lei 8.078/90, lídima regra de interpretação dirigida a fixar o alcance e a profundidade desse arcabouço jurídico instituído, por determinação constitucional, para amparar esse específico sujeito que é o consumidor; mais que isso, inclinado a buscar a materialização do equilíbrio nas relações obrigacionais que gravitam em torno do mercado. A ideia é visusalizar a Parte Geral do Código como um fator condicionante das regras de direito material privado criadas no intuito de concretizar a vontade do Poder Constituinte originário de defender o consumidor, operando uma espécie de justiça distributiva em uma relação jurídica historicamente desequilibrada, relegando-se às demais regras da parte especial função meramente explicativa. Nessa linha de raciocínio, foram examinados a dogmática positiva, as balizas de incidência do Código, a política nacional das relações de consumo, a boa-fé objetiva como mínimo ético exigível, os direitos básicos do consumidor e o risco como elemento de responsabilidade civil. Arremata-se com um resumo analítico da proposta, a identificar conclusões diretas sobre os problemas teóricos e práticos examinados. Torna-se imprescindível, assim, compreender a real amplitude dos direitos materiais outorgados aos consumidores e, para tanto, só há um caminho: investigar profundamente os reflexos condicionantes da Parte Geral da Lei 8.078/90 na formatação daquilo que de melhor se pensou, em termos legislativos, para promover a defesa do consumidor. / The investigation of constraining reflexes of the General Part of Act 8.078/90 in formatting the positive substantive law of consumption relationship is directly related to the legal systematic employed in the CDC confection, especially regarding the first ten articles and the option to enroll in them the main structuring foundations of the whole protective system. Indeed, the positive substantive law of consumption relationship cannot be dissociated of the General Part of Act 8.078/90, true interpretation rule aimed at setting the range and depth of this legal framework, established by constitutional determination to support this specific subject, the consumer, beyond that, inclined to search the real balance in the obligational relations focused on the consumption market. The main purpose is to visualize the Codes General Part as a constraining factor of substantive private law rules created in order to materialize the Congress originary will to protect the consumer, working as a distributive justice in a historically unbalanced legal relation, demoting the remaining special part rules to a purely explanatory function. Moreover, the positive dogmatic, the Code applicability limits, the Consumption Relationships National Policy, the objective good-faith as a minimum ethical demandable, the consumers basic rights and the risk as an element of civil liability were examined. At the end, a purpose analytical summary is presented, identifying direct conclusions concerning the theoretical and practical problems examined. It becomes imperative to comprehend the real dimension of the substantive rights granted to consumers and therefore, the only path is to deeply investigate the constraining reflexes of the General Part of Act 8.078/90 in structuring the best consideration in legal terms to promote consumer protection.
28

Formatting and Change in East Asian Television Industries: Media Globalization and Regional Dynamics

Lim, Wei Ling Tania Patricia January 2005 (has links)
Television is increasingly both global and local. Those television industries discussed in this thesis transact in an extensive neo-network of flows in talents, financing, and the latest forms of popular culture. These cities attempt to become media capitals but their status waxes and wanes, depending on their success in exporting their Asian media productions. What do marital arts dramas, interactive game-shows, children's animation and teenage idol soap operas from East Asian television industries have in common? Through the systematic use of TV formatting strategies, these television genres have become the focus for indigenous cultural entrepreneurs located in the East Asian cities of Hong Kong, Singapore and Taipei to turn their local TV programmes into tradable culture. This thesis is a re-consideration of the impact of media globalisation on Asian television that re-imagines a new global media order. It suggests that there is a growing shift in perception and trade among once-peripheral television industries that they may be slowly de-centring Hollywood's dominance by inserting East Asian popular entertainment into familiar formats or cultural spaces through embracing global yet local cultures of production. While TV formats like Survivor, Millionaire, Big Brother and American Idol have become profitable and powerful franchises globally, in East Asia, the size of TV format trade is actually eclipsed by the regional trade in East Asian popular cultural commodities from martial arts novels and films, manga and romantic fiction, to popular music. These commodities have become the source of remaking local television culture into tradable cultures as local TV programmes use formatting practices to circulate within their region. The many faces of formatting in television are explored through four case studies - from Hong Kong (TVB's Heaven Sword and Dragon Sabre), Singapore (Robert Chua Productions' Everyone Wins, Peach Blossom Media's Tomato Twins) and Taipei (Comic Ritz Production's Meteor Garden). Conceptualised as Asian media productions, these TV programmes are sites for examining individual agency, the network flows of popular culture and structural changes of their respective broadcasting fields. This thesis argues that TV formatting practices can become a currency for neo-networked media producers to create a medium of cultural exchange that sets up the possibility for a common market for cultural trade in East Asia. However, the ease with which TV formatting practices and re-sale of TV programmes are copied lower barriers for competition and often this tends toward over production. Over-exposure kills many new genres of production and discourages investment in the research and development component of creating TV formats for trade. Change in East Asian television industries is also aided by media conglomeration, global access through satellite TV, the Internet and increasingly digital entertainment, media de-regulation and pro-development policies. A number of factors and conditions that accompany the rise of TV formatting in East Asia (such as the role of independents vis-a-vis big local players, the emergence of copyright issues and marketing celebrities) contribute to the innovations that result from adapting formatting practices to local contexts, and suggest how each city's television industry attempts to address the rise of tradable cultural commodities that are increasingly made for pan-Asian consumption.
29

Os reflexos condicionantes da parte geral da Lei 8.078/90 na formatação do direito material positivo das relações de consumo / The constraining reflexes of the General Part of Act 8.078/90 in formatting the positive substantive law of consumption relationship

Guilherme Ferreira da Cruz 17 October 2011 (has links)
A investigação dos reflexos condicionantes da Parte Geral da Lei 8.078/90 na formatação do direito material positivo das relações de consumo se vincula diretamente à sistemática legislativa empregada na confecção do CDC, notadamente quanto aos seus dez primeiros artigos e à opção de neles se inscreverem as vigas mestras estruturantes de todo o seu sistema protetivo. É dizer: o direito material positivo das relações de consumo não pode ser visto de forma dissociada da Parte Geral da Lei 8.078/90, lídima regra de interpretação dirigida a fixar o alcance e a profundidade desse arcabouço jurídico instituído, por determinação constitucional, para amparar esse específico sujeito que é o consumidor; mais que isso, inclinado a buscar a materialização do equilíbrio nas relações obrigacionais que gravitam em torno do mercado. A ideia é visusalizar a Parte Geral do Código como um fator condicionante das regras de direito material privado criadas no intuito de concretizar a vontade do Poder Constituinte originário de defender o consumidor, operando uma espécie de justiça distributiva em uma relação jurídica historicamente desequilibrada, relegando-se às demais regras da parte especial função meramente explicativa. Nessa linha de raciocínio, foram examinados a dogmática positiva, as balizas de incidência do Código, a política nacional das relações de consumo, a boa-fé objetiva como mínimo ético exigível, os direitos básicos do consumidor e o risco como elemento de responsabilidade civil. Arremata-se com um resumo analítico da proposta, a identificar conclusões diretas sobre os problemas teóricos e práticos examinados. Torna-se imprescindível, assim, compreender a real amplitude dos direitos materiais outorgados aos consumidores e, para tanto, só há um caminho: investigar profundamente os reflexos condicionantes da Parte Geral da Lei 8.078/90 na formatação daquilo que de melhor se pensou, em termos legislativos, para promover a defesa do consumidor. / The investigation of constraining reflexes of the General Part of Act 8.078/90 in formatting the positive substantive law of consumption relationship is directly related to the legal systematic employed in the CDC confection, especially regarding the first ten articles and the option to enroll in them the main structuring foundations of the whole protective system. Indeed, the positive substantive law of consumption relationship cannot be dissociated of the General Part of Act 8.078/90, true interpretation rule aimed at setting the range and depth of this legal framework, established by constitutional determination to support this specific subject, the consumer, beyond that, inclined to search the real balance in the obligational relations focused on the consumption market. The main purpose is to visualize the Codes General Part as a constraining factor of substantive private law rules created in order to materialize the Congress originary will to protect the consumer, working as a distributive justice in a historically unbalanced legal relation, demoting the remaining special part rules to a purely explanatory function. Moreover, the positive dogmatic, the Code applicability limits, the Consumption Relationships National Policy, the objective good-faith as a minimum ethical demandable, the consumers basic rights and the risk as an element of civil liability were examined. At the end, a purpose analytical summary is presented, identifying direct conclusions concerning the theoretical and practical problems examined. It becomes imperative to comprehend the real dimension of the substantive rights granted to consumers and therefore, the only path is to deeply investigate the constraining reflexes of the General Part of Act 8.078/90 in structuring the best consideration in legal terms to promote consumer protection.
30

Etude du procédé d'estampage de plaques composites thermo-plastiques et recherche d'une méthodologie efficiente pour l'analyse de la faisabilité d'une pièce complexe / Study of thermoplastic composites plate formed by the stamping process and research of an efficient methodology for the analysis of the feasibility of a complex shape

Le Meur, Kevin 02 December 2015 (has links)
Le procédé de thermo-estampage est une voie intéressante pour la production en grande série de pièces composites. Cependant ce procédé est complexe à maitriser et simuler, en raison des phénomènes multi-physiques mis en jeu (déformation textiles, choc thermique, frottements...) ce qui engendre des campagnes par essai-erreurs qui peuvent être très coûteuses. Cette étude s'intéresse à la mesure et à la caractérisation du procédé d'estampage et des matériaux utilisés afin de simuler le refroidissement de la matrice et la mise en forme du textile. Des défauts récurrents sont évoqués ainsi que des solutions industrielles afin de les résoudre. La simulation thermique permet de déterminer le temps de consolidation nécessaire afin d'optimiser les temps de production en fonction des matériaux et de leur épaisseur. La simulation de la mise en forme textile permet de prédire la faisabilité d'une pièce et l'orientation des fibres afin de définir au mieux les pièces suivant les cas de charges statiques et dynamiques. Les apports de ce travail sont les suivants : la réalisation de mesures thermiques du flan durant un estampage et du choc thermique en surface du stratifié, la réalisation d'une méthodologie efficiente pour analyser la faisabilité d'une pièce complexe dans un contexte industriel grâce à des simulations de mise en forme couplées à des essais expérimentaux. Enfin une méthode d'analyse du comportement en cisaillement plan, pour des renforts dont les fils de chaîne et de trames ne sont pas orthogonaux est proposée. / The thermo-stamping process is a promising way for the mass production of the composite parts. However this process is complex to master and simulate due to the multi-physics background (textile deformation, thermal shock, rubbing...) and trial and error tests campaigns can be expensive. This study focuses on the measurement and assessment of the process and materials behaviour, to simulate the cooling down of the matrix and the forming of the woven. Typical defects are mentioned as well as associated industrial solutions to solve them. The simulation makes it possible to determine the consolidation time necessary in order to optimize the manufacturing time as a function of the material used and of its thickness. Furthermore the forming simulation shows the feasibility of the part and the fibre orientation to design the product for the static and crash cases. The contributions of this work are the following: thermal measurements of the pre-consolidated plate during the stamping phase and the thermal chock at the surface of the composites, an efficient method to analyse the feasibility of a complex shape in an industrial context is proposed through forming simulations compared to the experiment. Finally, a methodology for the analysis of the in-plane shearing behaviour of a woven fabric with non-orthogonal warp and weft yarn is proposed.

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