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Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to identify Swedish foundries’ challenges regarding circularity and sustainability demands and explore how SME foundries can be more sustainable and circular. Method: The research approach used in this study is an exploratory multiple-case study. The research questions are answered by using qualitative data through interviews and observations as data collection methods. Findings: The study’s findings present many challenges for Swedish foundries. The main challenges identified are fluctuations in demand, Just-in-Time, extra transports, and the availability of suitable supply chain partners. The challenge of demand fluctuations for SME foundries resulted in a recommendation on how SMEs can face the challenge. The recommendation aims to reallocate capacity by warehousing, followed by increasing communication in the supply chain. The study concludes that Swedish foundries are far from achieving circular supply chains but strive for sustainable foundries. Practical Implications: Organizations could use this thesis as a point of reference to compare and reflect on their foundry operations. Since SMEs are targeted for facing challenges in the industry, practical implications could provide a recommendation for organizations and managers in the foundry industry to collaborate more efficiently with OEMs. Theoretical Implications: This study contributes to the existing knowledge with a new perspective as the challenges connected to sustainability and circularity have been a gap for academia in the foundry industry. Delimitations: This thesis delimitates within the supply chain of one SME and two OEMs in the Swedish foundry industry. The SME’s role in the supply chain is a supplier of casted components, while the OEMs are both a producer of castings and a customer of components. The areas within the supply chain studied are castings, materials, logistics, production, and sustainability & circularity.

During the incorporation of ceramic particles into metallic alloy melts for the production of metal matrix composites, the particles tend to float or sink, depending on their density. In order to study the sedimentation patterns, a novel electrical resistance technique has been developed. A current is passed between two electrodes, and the potential over a fixed distance is measured with two other electrodes. Experiments were carried out in an aluminum foundry alloy(A356) containing up to 30 volume percent 88 μm silicon carbide particles. The particles’ behaviour was compared with sedimentation patterns in aqueous systems. The implications for fabrication and remelting of metal matrix composite material are discussed. / Thesis / Master of Engineering (ME)

In today’s IT-landscape cloud computing is one of the hottest topics. There are many emerging uses and technologies for the cloud. Deployment of applications is one of the main usages of the cloud today. This has led to companies giving developers more responsibilities with deployment. Therefore, there is a need to update educations in computer science by including cloud deployment. For these reasons, this thesis attempts to give a reasonable proposal for how cloud deployment could be taught in a university course.A literature study was conducted to gather information about topics surrounding cloud deployment. These were topics like cloud computing, service models, building techniques and cloud services. Then a case study was conducted on three different cloud services, OpenShift, Cloud Foundry, and Heroku. This was to learn how to deploy. Lastly, two interviews and a survey were conducted with people that have an insight into the subject and could provide reasonable information.Based on our case study, interviews and survey we concluded a reasonable approach to how deployment with cloud services could be taught. It can be taught with a theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part could be a lecture introducing Heroku and OpenShift, followed by an assignment where students deploy an application to them. The reasons we recommend Heroku and OpenShift is for Heroku’s simple and fast deployment and OpenShift for being more educative.We also realized that cloud deployment would work best as a stand-alone course. Because during the degree project it became clear how broad cloud deployment is. / I dagens IT-miljö är molnet ett av de hetaste ämnena. Det finns många nya användningsområden och teknologier för molnet. Driftsättning av applikationer är ett av de viktigaste användningsområdena av molnet idag. Detta har lett till att företag ger utvecklare mer ansvar vid driftsättning. Därför är det nödvändigt att förändra utbildningar i datorvetenskap genom att inkludera driftsättning i molnmiljö. Av dessa skäl försöker denna avhandling ge ett rimligt förslag på hur driftsättning i molnmiljö kan läras ut på ett universitet.En litteraturstudie genomfördes för att samla information om ämnen som berör driftsättning i molnmiljö. Dessa var ämnen som molnet, servicemodeller, byggtekniker och molntjänster. Sedan genomfördes en fallstudie på tre olika molntjänster, OpenShift, Cloud Foundry och Heroku. Detta var för att lära sig hur man driftsätter. Slutligen genomfördes två intervjuer och en undersökning med personer som har insikt i ämnet och som kan ge rimlig information.Baserat på vår fallstudie, intervjuer och undersökning drog vi en slutsats för ett rimligt tillvägagångssätt för hur driftsättning i molnmiljö kunde läras ut. Det kan undervisas med en teoretisk och praktisk del. Den teoretiska delen kan vara en föreläsning som introducerar Heroku och OpenShift, följt av en uppgift där studenter driftsätter en applikation till dem. Anledningarna till att vi rekommenderar Heroku och OpenShift är för Heroku’s enkla och snabba driftsättning och OpenShift för att den är mycket mer lärorik.Vi insåg också att driftsättning i molnmiljö skulle fungera bäst som en fristående kurs. Eftersom det under examensprojektet blev klart hur brett driftsättning i molnmiljö är.

The way firms innovate has notably changed in recent years. A clear example is the manufacturing sector which has been experiencing a new revolution in production and innovation. Linked to this industrial shift, manufacturing firms have been adopting more open and collaborative practices to innovate. This phenomenon, known as Open Innovation (OI), is helping firms to acquire and explore knowledge from external sources (inbound process) and to exploit knowledge via the commercialisation of ideas and technology (outbound process). Even though numerous researchers have studied the adoption of OI and its relation to numerous strategic and organisational results, very few studies have focused on investigating the positive influence of diverse OI approaches and practices on multiple dimensions of firm performance from different angles. These drawbacks hinder the diffusion of OI practices and raise the question of whether it is convenient for any firm in any industry to adopt or not to adopt OI. Thus, this thesis helps to fill this gap by examining the extent to which OI practices are adopted by firms and other actors in unexplored mature manufacturing industries and by understanding the unidentified roles that these practices play in relation to different dimensions of firm and industrial performance.  This thesis brings together different methodologies and data to investigate OI practices with a novel multi-perspective approach. Hence, OI practices are framed within the industrial context of manufacturing firms in Italy and Sweden, several actors in the food industry, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from the Italian foundry industry, and also within worldwide SMEs designing and producing supercars. More specifically, using data from 247 European manufacturing firms collected through a tailored OI survey, this thesis supports the relevance of internal context characteristics such as firm size and provides evidence of the relation between configurations of OI models and innovation performance. Through two case studies in the food industry, this thesis demonstrates novel forms of OI practices that can be characterised and adopted by different innovation actors within and around this mature industry. Likewise, drawing from 30 rigorous case studies of small and medium-sized foundries, this research for the first time illuminates the relation between the aggregations of some innovation practices (specifically internal R&amp;D and inbound OI) with a contemporarily relevant dimension of environmental and industrial performance such as energy efficiency. Although foregrounding the practical implications of adopting OI practices, this project also investigates and attempts to contrast some of the theoretical perspectives used when researching OI in mature manufacturing industries. This thesis concludes with an integrative study of the main aspects of the research project to demonstrate the advantages of using a multi-perspective approach to study OI. This last study, originally inspired from two case studies of small carmakers, involved collecting data from 48 small and medium-sized manufacturers of supercars with a survey designed to evaluate OI influence on several types of firm performance. Collectively, the results from this thesis confirm the validity of OI in new research contexts and reveal a combined influence of specific innovation practices on innovativeness, but also on the dimensions of industrial, environmental, and social performance. This thesis contributes to theory and practice by empirically showing that even though OI and the results of practicing it are highly context dependent, adopting OI practices can definitely have a positive influence in the overall performance of firms in mature manufacturing industries, including SMEs and other small actors. / Det sätt på vilket företagen innoverar har förändrats märkbart under de senaste åren. Den här situationen syns tydligt inom tillverkningssektorn, som upplever en ny produktions- och innovationsrevolution. Med tanke på detta inför tillverkningsföretagen öppnare och mer samarbetsbaserade metoder. Detta fenomen, benämnt öppen innovation (Open Innovation, OI), hjälper organisationer att förvärva och utforska kunskaper från externa källor (ingående process) och att utforska kunskaper genom kommersialisering av idéer och teknik (utgående process). Även om ett flertal forskare har studerat införandet av OI och hur det hänger samman med olika strategiska och organisatoriska resultat, har endast mycket få studier lagt fokus på att undersöka de positiva effekter som olika former av OI-metoder och -praxis har på flera dimensioner av företagens resultat och ur olika synvinklar. Den här bristen hindrar spridningen av OI-praxis och väcker frågan om huruvida det är fördelaktigt för ett företag i en viss bransch att införa eller inte införa OI. Denna avhandling hjälper till att fylla det här tomrummet genom att undersöka i vilken utsträckning öppen innovationspraxis har införts av företag och andra aktörer i outforskade, mogna tillverkningsbranscher och vilka oidentifierade roller sådan praxis spelar i förhållande till olika dimensioner av företagsresultat och branschresultat. Denna avhandling för samman olika metoder och data för att undersöka OI-praxis ur ett nytt multiperspektiv. Det industriella sammanhanget för studien av OI-praxis är därför tillverkningsföretag i Italien och Sverige, flera aktörer inom livsmedelsindustrin, små och medelstora företag från den italienska gjuteriindustrin samt små och medelstora företag världen över som utformar och tillverkar superbilar. Denna avhandling använder data från 247 europeiska tillverkningsföretag, som samlats in genom en skräddarsydd enkät om öppen innovation, för att bekräfta betydelsen av det interna sammanhangets egenskaper, t.ex. företagets storlek, och lägga fram bevis för relationen mellan OI-modellkonfigurationer och innovationsresultat. Genom två fallstudier inom livsmedelsindustrin visar denna avhandling nya sätt på vilka OI-praxis kan karakteriseras och införas av olika innovationsaktörer inom och omkring den här mogna branschen. Forskningsprojektet utgår även från 30 noggrant genomförda fallstudier av små och medelstora gjuterier för att för första gången belysa relationen mellan samlingar av vissa former av innovationspraxis (nämligen intern FoU och ingående OI) och en samtida relevant dimension av miljö- och branschresultat, t.ex. energieffektivitet. Detta projekt bildar förgrunden till de praktiska följderna av att införa OI-praxis, men undersöker även och försöker kontrastera till några av de teoretiska perspektiv som används vid forskning kring OI i mogna tillverkningsbranscher. Denna avhandling avslutas med en integrerande studie av forskningsprojektets huvudsakliga aspekter för att påvisa fördelarna med att använda en multiperspektivmetod vid studier av OI. Den sista studien, till vilken inspirationen ursprungligen hämtades från två fallstudier av små biltillverkare, innebar insamling av data från 48 små och medelstora tillverkare av superbilar med en enkät avsedd att utvärdera OI:s påverkan på flera typer av företagsresultat. De sammantagna resultaten från denna avhandling bekräftar OI:s giltighet i nya forskningssammanhang och avslöjar en kombinerad effekt av vissa former av innovationspraxis på innovationsförmåga, men även på dimensionerna industriella, miljömässiga och sociala resultat. Avhandlingen bidrar till teori och praktik genom att empiriskt påvisa att även om OI och resultaten av OI-praxis är starkt kontextberoende, kan införande av OI-praxis säkerligen ha ett positivt inflytande på det totala resultatet för företag i mogna tillverkningsbranscher, däribland små och medelstora företag och andra mindre aktörer. / Il modo in cui le imprese stanno innovando è notevolmente cambiato negli ultimi anni. Un chiaro esempio è il settore manifatturiero, che sta reagendo a una nuova rivoluzione nella produzione e innovazione. Collegato a questo cambiamento industriale, le aziende del settore della manifattura stanno acquisendo nuove pratiche più aperte e collaborative per innovare. Questo fenomeno, noto come ‘Open Innovation’ (OI), sta aiutando alle aziende ad acquistare e esplorare le conoscenze dalle fonti esterne (processo ‘inbound’) e di sfruttare la conoscenza tramite la commercializzazione delle idee e delle tecnologie (processo ‘outbound’). Anche se numerosi ricercatori hanno studiato l’adozione della OI e la sua relazione con numerosi risultati strategici ed organizzativi, in pochi studi si sono concentrati sullo studio dell’influenza positiva di diversi approcci e pratiche sulle multipli dimensioni della performance aziendale di diverse angolature della OI. Questi inconvenienti ostacolano la diffusione delle pratiche OI ed evidenziano la questione se è pure conveniente per qualsiasi tipo d’azienda in qualsiasi tipo d’industria adottare o non adottare OI. Così, questa tesi contribuisce a riempire questa lacuna tramite la esaminazione delle misure in cui le pratiche della OI vengono adottate dalle aziende ed altri attori nelle inesplorate industrie mature della manifattura e attraverso la comprensione dei ruoli non identificati che queste pratiche giocano in relazione alle diverse dimensioni della performance aziendale e industriale.   Questa tesi mette insieme le diverse metodologie e i dati ad indagare sulle pratiche della OI con un nuovo approccio multi-prospettico. Quindi, le pratiche OI sono inquadrate nel contesto industriale delle aziende manifatturiere in Italia e in Svezia, i diversi attori nel settore alimentare, le piccole e medie imprese (PMI) del settore della fonderia italiana, e anche nelle PMI di tutto il mondo che disegnano e producono i supercars. In particolare, utilizzando i dati di 247 aziende manifatturiere europee raccolti attraverso un sondaggio, questa tesi sostiene la rilevanza delle caratteristiche del contesto interno come la dimensione della azienda e fornisce la prova della relazione tra configurazioni dei modelli OI e la capacità di innovazione. Attraverso due casi di studio nel settore alimentare, questa tesi dimostra delle nuove forme di pratiche OI che possono essere caratterizzate e adottate dai diversi attori dell’innovazione all’interno ed all’intorno di questo settore maturo. Allo stesso modo, raccolto da 30 rigorosi casi di studio delle piccole e delle medie fonderie, questa ricerca per la prima volta illumina la relazione tra le aggregazioni di alcune pratiche di innovazione (in particolare le pratiche interne di R&amp;S e di OI inbound) con una dimensione contemporaneamente rilevante delle prestazioni ambientali ed industriali quali l’efficienza energetica.   Anche se in primo piano le implicazioni pratiche dell’adozione delle pratiche della OI sono accentate, il progetto indaga anche e cerca di contrastare alcune delle prospettive teoriche utilizzate nella ricerca nelle mature industrie manifatturiere. Questa tesi finisce con uno studio integrativo degli aspetti principali del progetto di ricerca per dimostrare i vantaggi di utilizzare un approccio multi-prospettiva per studiare la OI. Quest’ultimo studio, originariamente ispirato da due casi di studio di piccole case automobilistiche, ha coinvolto la raccolta dei dati provenienti da 48 piccole e medie produttori di supercars tramite un sondaggio per valutare l’influenza dei diversi tipi di performance aziendale. Collettivamente, i risultati di questa tesi confermano la validità di OI in nuovi contesti di ricerca e rivelano una influenza combinata di pratiche d’innovazione specifica su innovazione, ma anche sulle dimensioni della performance industriale, ambientale e sociale. Questa tesi contribuisce alla teoria e alla pratica, che empiricamente mostra che se anche la OI ed i risultati di praticarla sono molto dipendenti dal contesto, l’adozione delle pratiche OI può sicuramente avere un effetto positivo nelle prestazioni complessive delle aziende nella industria manifatturiere matura, comprese le PMI ed altri piccoli attori. / <p>This thesis is produced as part of the EMJD Programme <em>European Doctorate in Industrial Management (EDIM) </em>funded by the European Commission, Erasmus Mundus Action 1.</p><p>EDIM is run by a consortium consisting of the industrial management departments of three institutions.</p><p>•KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden</p><p>•Politecnico de Milano, POLIMI, Milan, Italy</p><p>•Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, UPM, Madrid, Spain</p><p>QC 20160128</p> / European Doctorate in Industrial Management

Thesis (D. Tech. ( Mechanical Engineering )) - Central University of technology, Free State, 2012 / In this study an alternative indirect Rapid Tooling process is proposed. It essentially consists of producing sand moulds by Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes followed by casting of tools in the moulds. Various features of this tool making method have been investigated. A process chain for the proposed tool manufacturing method was conceptually developed. This process chain referred to as Rapid Casting for Tooling (RCT) is made up of five steps including Computer Aided Design (CAD) modeling, casting simulation, AM of moulds, metal casting and finishing operations. A validation stage is also provided to determine the suitability of the tool geometry and material for RCT. The theoretical assessment of the RCT process chain indicated that it has potential benefits such as short manufacturing time, low manufacturing cost and good quality of tools in terms of surface finish and dimensional accuracy. Focusing on the step of AM of the sand moulds, the selection of available AM processes between the Laser Sintering (LS) using an EOSINT S 700 machine and Three Dimensional Printing using a Z-Corporation Spectrum 550 printer was addressed by means of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The criteria considered at this stage were manufacturing time, manufacturing cost, surface finish and dimensional accuracy. LS was found to be the most suitable for RCT compared to Three Dimensional Printing. The overall preferences for these two alternatives were respectively calculated at 73% and 27%. LS was then used as the default AM process of sand moulds in the present research work. A practical implementation of RCT to the manufacturing of foundry tooling used a case study provided by a local foundry. It consisted of the production of a sand casting pattern in cast iron for a high pressure moulding machine. The investigation confirmed the feasibility of RCT for producing foundry tools. In addition it demonstrated the crucial role of casting simulation in the prevention of casting defects and the prediction of tool properties. The challenges of RCT were found to be exogenous mainly related to workmanship. An assessment of RCT manufacturing time and cost was conducted using the case study above mentioned as well as an additional one dealing with the manufacturing of an aluminium die for the production of lost wax patterns. Durations and prices of RCT steps were carefully recorded and aggregated. The results indicated that the AM of moulds was the rate determining and cost driving step of RCT if procurement of technology was considered to be a sunk cost. Overall RCT was found to be faster but more expensive than machining and investment casting. Modern surface analyses and scanning techniques were used to assess the quality of RCT tools in terms of surface finish and dimensional accuracy. The best surface finish obtained for the cast dies had Ra and Rz respectively equal to 3.23 μm and 11.38 μm. In terms of dimensional accuracy, 82% of cast die points coincided with die Computer Aided Design (CAD) data which is within the typical tolerances of sand cast products. The investigation also showed that mould coating contributed slightly to the improvement of the cast tool surface finish. Finally this study also found that the additive manufacturing of the sand mould was the chief factor responsible for the loss of dimensional accuracy. Because of the above, it was concluded that light machining will always be required to improve the surface finish and the dimensional accuracy of cast tools. Durability was the last characteristic of RCT tools to be assessed. This property was empirically inferred from the mechanical properties and metallographic analysis of castings. Merit of durability figures of 0.048 to 0.152 were obtained for the cast tools. It was found that tools obtained from Direct Croning (DC) moulds have merit of durability figures three times higher than the tools produced from Z-Cast moulds thus a better resistance to abrasion wear of the former tools compared to the latter.

L’histoire de La Fonte Ardennaise est celle de la transformation d’une petite fonderie artisanale fondée dans les années 1920 en une entreprise de taille intermédiaire et d’envergure européenne au début du XXIe siècle. Sa création par un ouvrier mouleur est expliquée par l’étude d’un secteur industriel mal connu, celui de la fonderie de seconde fusion, et de la spécificité de sa localisation dans le département des Ardennes.La monographie de La Fonte Ardennaise est aussi celle d’une famille qui met en perspective la trajectoire de deux générations d’entrepreneurs et aide à expliquer les singularités de la croissance, du financement et du contrôle d’une PME familiale. Afin de mieux comprendre ce qui peut être considéré comme une success story, l’effort d’adaptation de l’entreprise à son environnement est mis en relation avec les mouvements du marché et le comportement de la branche.Étrangers aux schémas mentaux des fondeurs établis, Émile, puis Gérard Grosdidier développent une approche commerciale originale qui différencie l’entreprise de la concurrence et permet une logique de croissance externe et interne, ce qui, en creux, propose des hypothèses explicatives à l’échec du modèle industriel local. Mais la cristallisation de l’organisation sur un leader charismatique rend difficile tant l’intégration de nouveaux dirigeants que la transmission du pouvoir à la troisième génération familiale / The history of La Fonte Ardennaise is about a small, traditional foundry founded in the 1920s that grew into a mid-sized business of European scope in the early 21st century. The company was created by a casting worker, and this can be explained by studying a little-known industrial sector, namely that of second smelting, and by the specific features of its location within the département of Ardennes.A monograph about La Fonte Ardennaise also tells the story of a family, highlighting the path taken by two generations of entrepreneurs, and helps to understand the idiosyncrasies pertaining to the growth, funding and management of a family-run SME. In order to better appreciate what could be viewed as a success story, the efforts made by the company to adapt to its environment are juxtaposed with what was happening in the market and with the way in which the branch progressed.Unconcerned with the mental schemes favoured by established foundries, Émile Grosdidier, and Gerard Grosdidier after him, succeeded in developing an original commercial approach that differentiated the company from the competition, fostering external and internal growth, thereby raising implied assumptions that explain the failure of the local industrial model. Yet having an organisation that is entirely focused on a charismatic leader makes it difficult to bring in new management, as well as transferring power to the family’s third generation

L'objectif principal de ce travail est de contribuer à une définition d'une lecture architecturale des archives du bâtiment. Nous nous proposons d'étudier un fonds archivistique relatif à des constructions rurales du XVIe s. et de chercher à comprendre comment la création du nouveau port du Havre a impacté sur le long terme le monde de la construction dans la région. Notre intention est d'être au plus près du monde de la construction courante pour la période analysée, ce qui nous permettra de poser le problème de la nature réelle d'une supposée frontière entre chantier « savant » et chantier « vernaculaire » qui s'avère parfois difficile à déterminer. Si la quasi intégralité des bâtiments étudiés ont disparu aujourd'hui, l'abondance des documents d'archives permet de les étudier suivant deux aspects : l'un repose sur une lecture économique des documents anciens permettant de retracer le fonctionnement des chantiers courants, la provenance des matériaux, les prix pratiqués et plus généralement le fonctionnement de l'artisanat local. Cette étude révèle les évolutions conduisant à l'apparition de maitres d'œuvres sur ces petites opérations par le biais des travaux d'entretien sur les fontaines et ouvrages hydrauliques puis l'expertise de maisons de ville et enfin sur les travaux lourds de réhabilitation de bâtiments menaçant ruine. L'autre prend en compte une lecture technique et constructive des documents du fonds d'archives. Par l'analyse du positionnement de chaque ouvrage décrit il devient alors possible de restituer l'organisation générale du bâtiment complet et ses mutations progressives au cours des siècles. Deux sites seront plus particulièrement détaillés mais compte tenu de leurs différences de fonction et d'échelle, ils démontrent que la méthode d'analyse constructive est généralisable à l'ensemble des bâtiments du territoire étudié voire même au-delà / The main aim of this study consists of trying to define how to read architecturally the building archives. We can study the archives concerning the rural buildings in the XVI century and try to understand how the creation of the Havre new harbour impacted in the long term, the process of all the buildings around .In studying this period we intend to stay nearest to the common buildings so we can ask if a border between the vernacular architecture and the learned one exists really. In fact this border is very difficult to establish. Most of these old constructions have disappeared nowadays but referring to so many archives collection we can study them in following two points of view. The first one will be the economical aspect. In using the antique documents we find out how the common builders yards functioned, where materials came from and at what prices. In fact we discover the local workshops and how that led to the emergence of supervisors in the maintenance of fountains and hydraulic constructions, then for expertise of the town houses and important renovations of the oldest constructions facing ruin. The second one will be the technical understanding of the archives collection .The position of each building is described, so it's possible to discover the complete organisation of the construction process and its long term developments .Two sites will be precisely analysed but the difference of function and size show that this method of constructive analyse can be applied to all local constructions and farther afield

Essa dissertação pretende identificar uma forma de fazer com que as indústrias incorporem objetivos de preservação ambiental aos seus sistemas de produção de forma mais fácil, rápida e sem perda da competitividade, para contribuírem mais significativamente com o esforço mundial pela sustentabilidade do planeta. Para isso, o trabalho se propõe a alcançar dois objetivos. O primeiro é organizar o conhecimento disponível até agora em torno dos modelos de produção com preocupação ambiental e fazer uma comparação entre eles, de modo a auxiliar o gestor interessado em adotá-los a fazer sua opção. O segundo objetivo é pesquisar a viabilidade da utilização de ferramentas de gerenciamento de produção simples e disponíveis a qualquer empresa, para obter uma melhoria de rendimento também no aspecto ambiental, além da melhoria da produtividade e da qualidade. A pesquisa foi feita com empresas do setor de fundição no Estado de São Paulo, por ser este um setor de grande importância na economia e apresentar um alto potencial de degradação ambiental. O método escolhido foi o estudo de casos múltiplos, com levantamento de dados em 10 empresas. Através de entrevista pessoal, foram avaliados quesitos referentes à aderência das empresas ao modelo da Produção Enxuta e ao modelo da Produção mais Limpa. O modelo da PE foi escolhido como objeto de estudo por ser um modelo muito difundido e suas práticas serem bem conhecidas. Além disso, baseia-se na redução de desperdícios, que tem uma identificação grande com a racionalização de recursos do modelo da P+L. Este modelo, por sua vez, foi selecionado a partir do resultado das comparações efetuadas na busca do objetivo 1. Por ser um modelo ligado mais diretamente aos processos de transformação, este modelo mostra-se mais adequado para ser adotado nos processos de produção. Os dados coletados serviram para responder a três questões de pesquisa, através da análise da correlação entre o grau de aderência aos dois modelos. Além dessa relação, foram estudadas a influência da certificação do sistema de gerenciamento ambiental e a necessidade de medidas complementares à PE para melhorar o rendimento ambiental. A conclusão da pesquisa mostrou que é possível alcançar metas de desempenho ambiental com a utilização de práticas de PE. Além de não implicar em aumento de custos, por não se tornar uma atividade extra, a empresa ainda se beneficia com o aumento da produtividade e da redução de desperdícios. / This thesis aims to identify a way to make the industries incorporate goals of environmental preservation to their production systems more easily, quickly and without loss of competitiveness, and then to contribute more significantly to the global effort for sustainability of the planet. For this, this paper aims to achieve two goals. The first is to organize the available knowledge about the production models with environmental concerns and make a comparison between them, to assist managers of manufacturing firms interested in adopting them to make his choice. The second objective is to investigate the feasibility of using simple management tools production, available to any company, to get increased revenue, also to the environmental aspects, as well as improving productivity and quality. The research was conducted with companies in the foundry sector in the State of São Paulo, because it is a very important sector to the economy and has a high potential for environmental degradation. The method chosen was multiple case study with data collection in 10 companies. Through personal interview, questions were evaluated regarding adherence to the model of Lean Manufacturing and to the model of Cleaner Production. The LM model was chosen as the object of study to be a widespread model and its practices well known. Furthermore, it is based on the reduction of waste, which has a large identification with the resource rationalization aspects of the model of P + L. This model, in turn, was selected from the results of the comparisons made in the pursuit of the goal number one. Being a model more directly linked to the transformation processes, this model seems to be more suitable to be adopted in production processes. The data collected served to answer three research questions by analyzing the correlation of the adherence level to the two models. Besides this relationship, it has been studied the influence of the certification of environmental management systems and the need for additional actions to the LM to improve environmental performance. The conclusion of this study showed that it is possible to achieve environmental performance goals by the use of LM practices. Besides not resulting in increased costs, because it will not become an extra activity, the company will still have benefits from increased productivity and reduction of waste.

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-03-26T19:06:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Suzete Schneider Nunes.pdf: 2184528 bytes, checksum: 6723072bb8f24837d45e4f76b5d5590a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T19:06:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Suzete Schneider Nunes.pdf: 2184528 bytes, checksum: 6723072bb8f24837d45e4f76b5d5590a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-06 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / CNPQ – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / FAPERGS - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul / UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos / NUCMAT - Núcleo de Caracterização de Materiais / A indústria de fundição utiliza quantidades elevadas de recursos naturais não renováveis, como a areia base de sílica (quartzo), gerando um montante considerável de resíduo a ser descartado. Parte dessa areia denominada de areia verde (AV) é inserida no processo de produção novamente, após um processo convencional de recuperação ou enviada como matéria-prima para outros setores, principalmente na construção civil. Outra parte denominada de areia fenólica usada de fundição (AFUF) segue para disposição em aterros industriais licenciados. A AFUF é classificada pela ABNT NBR 10004:2004 como Resíduo Classe I- Perigoso, devido à presença de formaldeído e fenol que conferem periculosidade ao resíduo. Estudos analisando áreas onde houve a disposição, e amostras desse resíduo demonstraram que os níveis de contaminantes não ultrapassam os limites exigidos pela legislação, surgindo assim um questionamento quanto à classificação do resíduo AFUF. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os impactos ambientais associados ao resíduo AFUF e verificar se existe uma correlação entre os compostos químicos encontrados na AFUF e os encontrados no solo, águas superficiais e subterrâneas, na área onde ocorre a disposição temporária do resíduo. A metodologia compreendeu a coleta de amostras de solos denominadas como Muro e Divisa, coletadas em locais que foram submetidos à disposição do resíduo e outra denominada de Referência, coletada em região menos impactada por atividade antrópica, que serviu como referência do solo local. Foram feitas coletas de amostras de água superficial a montante, a jusante e junto à saída de um cano que desemboca no arroio que passa dentro da propriedade da empresa. Foram coletadas amostras do resíduo AFUF geradas no processo de produção e água de poço artesiano. No material amostrado foram realizados ensaios físicos e químicos e caracterização ambiental para o resíduo AFUF. Também foram avaliadas as concentrações de Fenol, Formaldeído e Bisfenol A. A avaliação da recuperação da área foi baseada na Instrução Normativa nº 04/2011 do IBAMA para elaboração de PRAD (Projetos de Recuperação de Áreas Degradadas). As amostras do resíduo AFUF apresentaram parâmetros acima dos estabelecidos pela NBR 10006:2004 para fluoretos e fenol. O fenol não foi detectado nas amostras de solo e água. O IQA calculado para as amostras de água determinou como ruim os pontos Montante e Jusante e péssimo o ponto Cano. As amostras de solo apresentaram teores elevados de Al e Fe. No solubilizado da amostra de solo Divisa, o fluoreto ficou acima (3,8mg/L) do limite estipulado pela Norma que é de 1,5mg/L, sugerindo que para este parâmetro o resíduo possa estar contribuindo para o aumento deste composto no solo. Houve uma recuperação considerável na cobertura da vegetação, levando-se em conta o período de Agosto/2011 a Julho/2012. Essa constatação sugere que o programa escolhido de associar mais de uma técnica (barreira de contenção, plantio de mudas nativas e abandono de área) está resultando no efetivo retorno da cobertura vegetal nativa da área degradada. / The foundry industry uses large amounts of nonrenewable natural resources such as natural sand silica (quartz), generating a considerable amount of solid waste to be disposed. Some of this sand called green sand (AV) is inserted into the production process again after a conventional recovery or sent as raw material for other industries, mainly in construction. Another part called phenolic used foundry sand (AFUF) follows for disposal in licensedlandfills licensed. The AFUF is classified as ABNT NBR 10004:2004 Class I-Hazardous Waste due to the presence of formaldehyde and phenol which confer dangerousness to the residue. Studies examining are as where there was a provision, and this solid waste samples showed that contaminant levels do not exceed the limits required by law, giving rise to a question as to the classification of the waste AFUF. The objective of this study was to evaluate the environmental impacts associated with waste AFUF and see if there was a correlation between the chemical compounds found in AFUF and found in soil, surface water and groundwater in the area where there is the temporary provision of waste. The methodology included the collection of soil samples termed as Chevron and Wall collected at sites that were submitted to the disposal of waste and another called Reference, collected in the region least impacted by human activity, which served as a reference site soil. Samples were collected from water samples upstream, downstream and near the exit of Piper that empties into the strem which runs through the property of the company. Samples were collected from AFUF waste generated in the production process and the artesian water. In the sampled material tests were conducted physical and chemical characterization for environmental residue AFUF. We also assessed the concentrations of phenol, formaldehyde and BFA. The evaluation of the recovery of the area was based on Instruction No. 04/2011 of IBAMA to elaborate PRAD (Projects Recovery of Degraded Areas). Samples of the residue AFUF presented above parameters established by NBR 10006:2004 for fluoride and phenol. Phenol was not found in samples of soil and water. The IQA calculated for water samples determined as Poor the points Amount and Downstream and Too Poor the point Piper. Soil samples showed high contents of Al and Fe solubilized in the soil sample Divisa fluoride was above (3.8 mg/L) of the limit stipulated by the standard is 1.5 mg/L suggesting that this parameter for the residue may be contributing to the increase of this compound in the soil. There was a significant recovery in vegetation cover, taking into account the period of July 2012 to August/2011 This finding suggests that the chosen program of involving more than one technique (containment barrier, planting native seedlings and abandonment of area) is resulting in effective return of native vegetation of degraded areas.