Foundry is an industry that is both very old and very forward-looking. It is an essential base for several industrial sectors in today’s world. However, the metal casting industry faces a lot of challenges, including quality. There is a need for a converging system that orients all the resources towards meeting the quality requirements throughout the whole process. Zero Defect Manufacturing (ZDM) is a concept that aims to meet this need by adopting the four strategies of Detection, Prevention, Prediction and Repair. In that context, ZDM has been a subject of several collaborations between industrial sectors and the scientific community given its importance to the industrial field. Nevertheless, there is a lack of research into the implementation of this concept in certain types of industries, such as foundries. This thesis aims to fill this gap by presenting a generic review and a better understanding of the implementation of the ZDM approach in foundries. A systematic literature study has been conducted and the result has been compared to the empirical data collected via interviews with managers working in the metal casting industry. It was found that the nine key enablers of ZDM implementation in foundries are 1) Sensors & embedded systems, 2) AI & DigitalTwins, 3) Advanced robotics, 4) Connectivity & mobility, 5) Cloud computing, 6) Edge computing, 7) Forecasting & Modelling, 8) Business Solutions, 9) Intelligence & control systems. Automation enhances ZDM in foundries by enabling continuous and consistent data collection throughout the whole process. Ensuring skilled labour in specific disciplines such as PLC programming and statistics is seen to be a major challenge for foundries. At the end of the thesis, propositions for future studies in the field of ZDM in foundries and the role of future technologies, such as metal 3D printing, are proposed.

Future 450mm semiconductor wafer foundries are expected to produce billions of low cost, leading-edge processors, memories, and wireless sensors for Internet of Everything applications in smart cities, smart grids, and smart infrastructures. The problem has been a lack of wise investment decision making using traditional semiconductor industry models. The purpose of this study was to design decision-making models to conserve financial resources from conception to commercialization using real options to optimize production capacity, to defer an investment, and to abandon the project. The study consisted of 4 research questions that compared net present value from real option closed-form equations and binomial lattice models using the Black-Scholes option pricing theory. Three had focused on sensitivity parameters. Moore's second law was applied to find the total foundry cost. Data were collected using snowball sampling and face-to-face surveys. Original survey data from 46 Americans in the U.S.A. were compared to 46 Europeans in Germany. Data were analyzed with a paired-difference test and the Box-Behnken design was employed to create prediction models to support each hypothesis. Data from the real option models and survey findings indicate American 450mm foundries will likely capture greater value and will choose the differentiation strategy to produce premium chips, whereas higher capacity, cost leadership European foundries will produce commodity chips. Positive social change and global quality of life improvements are expected to occur by 2020 when semiconductors will be needed for the $14 trillion Internet of Everything market to create safe self-driving vehicles, autonomous robots, smart homes, novel medical electronics, wearable computers with streaming augmented reality information, and digital wallets for cashless societies.

M. Tech. (Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology), Vaal University of Technology. / The production of austenitic stainless-steel pump impellers in foundries present a huge challenge mainly due to its thin-walled blades, pouring temperature, presence of junctions and chemical composition. Two different alloys were used namely nodular cast iron and austenitic stainless-steel. Nodular cast iron was used as a comparison alloy due to its excellent flowability whereas austenitic stainless-steel was chosen due to its attractive corrosion and wear resistant properties. Austenitic stainless-steel alloy showed difficulties during casting because of its chemical composition and freezing range. Thin-walled sections are more susceptible to filling defects like misrun and cold-shut. This results in high scrap rate and high processing costs during high production of thin-walled components. High pouring temperature is considered one of the most effective methods to improve filling ability of thin-walled castings. However, there is a major drawback in using this method owing to the high occurrence of shrinkage defects and hot tearing especially at junctions. 1060 aluminium was used as a benchmark to evaluate the effect of wall thickness on the filling and feeding of thin-walled Al components with complex geometry during sand casting. The aim of this dissertation is therefore to optimize casting process of sand cast austenitic stainless-steel pump impeller. Numerical modelling and additive manufacturing were used to optimize the production of this product. The use of casting simulation software combined with three-dimensional (3D) mould printing technology has enabled optimisation of casting parameters to minimise the occurrence of casting defects. Casting parameters of five test samples of complex geometry and varying thicknesses (1.0 mm;1.5 mm;2 mm;2.5 mm and 3.0 mm) were optimised using MAGMAsoft® at a constant pouring temperature of 700 °C and 1060 Aluminium as an alloy. Simulation and casting results showed that complete filling was only possible at a wall thickness of 3 mm. The simulation results showed that as the wall thickness increased from 1 mm to 3 mm the filling ability increased by 67.5 % whereas experimental casting results showed that filling ability increase by 75 %. The combination of MAGMAsoft® simulation and 3D printed moulds proved to be effective tools in predicting filling and feeding of thin-walled aluminium components during sand casting. MAGMAsoft® casting software was used to simulate metal flow and predict the degree of filling at different pouring temperatures. Test samples were cast using 1060 Aluminium alloy at temperatures of 702 °C, 729 °C, 761 °C, 794 °C, 800 °C and 862 °C. Complete mould filling was predicted at 800 °C using the simulation model and 761°C during actual casting. At temperatures above 761°C tearing at the junction was quite pronounced. An optimal of 761°C pouring temperature was found to be appropriate pouring temperature when casting thin-walled aluminum components using sand casting. MAGMAsoft® casting software proved to be an effective tool in optimizing filling and feeding of thin-walled aluminium components during sand casting. Nodular cast iron pump impeller was optimized at 1500 °C using MAGMAsoft® and 3D mould printing technology. Design variables used were feeder radius (17 mm, 18 mm, 19 mm and 20 mm), feeder height (32 mm, 33 mm, 34 mm, 35 mm) and number of feeders of (3, 4 and 5). Simulation and casting results showed a completely-filled casting. The high fluidity of nodular cast iron promotes mould filling ability and prevent any form of misrun defect. Minimum shrinkage was noted at the junctions and top surface of the casting. A new design was proposed to eliminate shrinkage defects at the junctions of the nodular cast iron pump impeller. The design used a tapered circular runner bar with straight ingates. Optimization of nodular cast iron was now done at 1390 °C with the use of MAGMAsoft® and real casting was done 1385 °C. Simulation and casting were in correlation to each other since both showed completely-filled mould cavity with no misrun, cold-shut and shrinkage porosity defect. Simulation proved to be an effective tool in optimizing filling and solidification of nodular cast iron during sand casting. Austenitic stainless-steel pump impeller was optimized at 1500 °C using MAGMAsoft® and 3D mould printing technology. A high quality mould and core print were printed with the use of Voxeljet VX1000 at a minimum period of time. Design variables used were feeder radius (17 mm, 18 mm, 19 mm and 20 mm), feeder height (32 mm, 33 mm, 34 mm, 35 mm) and number of feeders of (3, 4 and 5). An increase in feeder size and the number of feeders greatly reduced hot spot and porosity of the casting but it also reduced the casting yield. The quality of the casting was found to be inversely proportional to the casting yield. Simulation showed a completely-filled casting with actual casting showing only 50 % filling ability. High viscosity of the molten metal and thin walled blades promote quick solidification which caused misrun defects. A new design was proposed to eliminate misrun defects of the first design. MAGMAsoft® was used to optimize this design at 1550 °C. The design used a tapered circular runner bar with tapered ingates. The actual casting showed improved filling ability from 50 % to 80 % while simulation showed completely-filled mould cavity (100 %). Major factors which contributed to low filling ability of austenitic stainless-steel pump impeller were chemistry, runner system and men. Numerical modelling and additive manufacturing did optimize filling and feeding of sand cast austenitic stainless-steel pump impeller.

<i>Bacchus, Vulcan and Metis walk into a bar . . .</i> The following dialogues took place beginning in January of this year. In a series of investigations through drawing, physical constucts and research, the project began to take shape. With the help of Bacchus, Vulcan and Metis, the building was given a body of its own. Ideas of the way a building ages, as well as the way the parts of the building relate to the whole, are the basis of the thesis. The building is a sort of beast with two heads: the foundry, and the speak-easy [with cunning navigating the straits]. / Master of Architecture

本研究探討以知識為基礎的產業如何形成與發展而達成產業創新。更特定言，本研究探討基於知識技術以及組織制度結構所產生之權力關係，如何透過行動者與情境條件之互動，以社群型態之集體行動使其發生轉變，進而影響產業創新之結果。 為了凸顯不同的知識特性與情境條件，本研究選擇以台灣的晶圓代工與法國的卡介苗及B型肝炎疫苗為個案，以透過其歷程的描述來瞭解知識社群與創新社群之於產業創新的關係。個案的主要觀察內容包括創新活動權力關係的源由與類型、不同階段集體行動的特性、以及與產業創新效果的關連。 本研究發現創新活動中之存在兩類權力關係，第一類是基於行動者對知識或技術本身之控制或掌握能力，是屬於知識性的權力關係；第二類是基於行動者對該項知識技術得以運用情境之影響能力，為結構性的權力關係。而行動者產生的集體行動，即分別以「知識社群」之共同語言機制轉變基於知識技術的權力關係，以「創新社群」的價值共識過程轉變基於制度結構的權力關係，而促成產業創新。 本研究亦發現社群的形成與既有的權力關係結構有關。而隨著所欲動員於產業創新的資源條件愈龐大，即待轉變的表面權力關係愈為複雜，以社群實現產業創新愈為重要。而知識與創新社群間的互動，特別是反餽的現象，特別有助於產業創新的實現。另知識和創新社群的行動者有重疊之可能，尤其特定的關鍵行動者將同時扮演知識社群與創新社群中的重要角色。 / The dissertation studies the formation and development of communities in industrial innovations of emerging technology. A community is defined as a group of actors that, strongly influenced by their contexts, voluntarily contribute to enforcement of the capability that aims at realizing their common interests. As a specific form of collective actions, the communities are critical in coordinating various actors by gradually shaping the power relations between them, thus smoothing the potential conflicts during the relatively radical innovation. In the study, two cases are chosen for observing the communitarian processes. The first case is the semiconductor foundry in Taiwan. The second one is the vaccine industry in France. The later further comprises two subcases. One is BCG innovations. The other is the vaccine anti-hepatitis B. Based on a prior case study and literature reviews, two types of communities are proposed to examine the two case studies. The first type of communities is a “knowledge community” in which innovative actors contribute voluntarily in creation and diffusion of knowledge centered at the specific technological innovation. The second type is an “innovation community” in which innovative actors from different sectors contribute together to the application of the specific technology. The study found that a technological power relation that is from the incapability of controlling an emerging technology or of controlling those who own the technology is a barrier to industrial innovation. the knowledge community is capable of transforming a technological power relation, via the formation and diffusion of a common language, for realizing the industrial innovation. It reveals that a structural power relation that is from the actors’ ignorance or resistance to the application of an emerging technology is a barrier to industrial innovation. The innovation community is capable of transforming a structural power relation, via the formation and diffusion of a common value, for realizing the industrial innovation. Moreover, the larger the distance that a surface power relation is from its realistic power relation, that is, the more the disequilibrium of a power relation has, the more efforts are required for a community to contribute in industrial innovation. On the other hand, the more the positive feedbacks between a knowledge community and an innovation community, that is, the more the outcomes of the knowledge community that enhance a common value of the innovation community, and the more the outcomes of the innovation community that enhance the diffusion and deepening of a common language of the knowledge community, the easier the realization of an industrial innovation. Finally, a key actor as a community member has a strategic meaning that the key actor reacts to deepen a common language or to increase a common value so as to facilitate the formation and development of a knowledge community or an innovation community, thus realizing the industrial innovation.

The problem of this study was to determine how much foundry equipment exists in the high schools of Texas and to determine to what extent it is being utilized. The data for this study were provided by thirty-seven metalworking instructors of Texas high schools. Of the Texas high schools offering metalworking as a part of the industrial arts curriculum, few appear to have adequate foundry facilities. In addition, a deficiency seems evident in the background and training in foundry of the metalworking instructors.

O crescimento do setor industrial brasileiro, na última década, tem demandado a fabricação de maior volume de máquinas e peças metálicas. Como resultado, a produção de fundidos metálicos aumentou e foi acompanhada da geração de maiores volumes de resíduos. O processo de fundição mais comum emprega areia natural, misturada com ligantes orgânicos e inorgânicos, para conformar os moldes que dão forma às peças metálicas. Após certo número de ciclos de fundição, a areia não apresenta mais as características apropriadas para seu emprego nessas indústrias e passa a ser o principal resíduo das siderúrgicas. Assim, a areia de fundição residual (AFR) deve ser descartada em aterros sanitários licenciados a elevados custos. Por tal motivo, pesquisadores e engenheiros têm procurado alternativas que permitam reaproveitar esse resíduo em atividades da construção civil. A construção de estradas consume elevados volumes de recursos naturais, portanto, fornece a oportunidade de reutilizar o resíduo em quantidades significativas. Nesse sentido, nesta pesquisa, o objetivo principal foi avaliar a possibilidade de reaproveitar a areia de fundição residual na construção de camadas de bases e sub-bases de pavimentos de baixo volume de tráfego. A areia de fundição residual utilizada foi coletada no município de Piracicaba/SP, que apresenta elevada concentração de siderúrgicas. Esse resíduo foi utilizado na composição de misturas do tipo solo areia, solo areia cal e areia asfalto usinada a quente (AAUQ). Essas misturas foram avaliadas à luz das propriedades de interesse à engenharia rodoviária para determinar a viabilidade de seus empregos em camadas estruturais de pavimentos. Os resultados obtidos nos ensaios mecânicos mostram que composições de solo areia e solo areia cal com AFR de 20% a 60% poderiam ser utilizadas em bases e sub-bases de pavimentos, assim como as misturas de AAUQ, que consumiriam quantidades consideráveis de areia residual, também poderiam ser utilizadas em bases de pavimentos. Ensaios ambientais também foram executados na AFR e em algumas misturas para determinar o risco de poluição do meio ambiente. Os resultados mostraram que a AFR atende aos requisitos exigidos para seu reuso; contudo algumas misturas apresentaram concentração de poluentes superior aos valores máximos permitidos. Portanto, concluiu-se que a areia de fundição residual apresenta características para ser reaproveitada nas atividades de construção de pavimentos de baixo volume de tráfego, mas recomenda-se a construção de trechos experimentais para monitoramento por longos períodos de tempo para garantir que o resíduo não comprometa a segurança ambiental. / The Brazilian industry grew up considerably last decade, increasing the needing of machinery and metal production. As a result, the metal casting production raised and also the amount of the residues. The most common foundry system uses natural sand mixed with organic and inorganic binders, to produce the cores of the metal products. After a certain number of foundry cycles, the sand losses its properties and remain as the main residue of the foundry industry. Thereby, the waste foundry sand (WFS) must be discarded in licensed landfills at high costs. Hence, researchers and engineers have researched for alternative solutions to reuse this residue in civil construction activities. Pavement construction uses high volumes of natural resources, thus, provides an opportunity to reuse significant amounts of WFS. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility of use the waste foundry sand as construction material of pavement bases and sub-bases courses with low volume traffic. The waste foundry sand used here was collected close to the city of Piracicaba/SP, region which has a high concentration of foundry industries. The residue was used to compose soil-sand, soil-sand-lime and sand-asphalt mixtures. Tests commonly used in pavement research were used to evaluate the mixtures containing waste foundry sand and determine their potential as road construction material. The results showed that mixtures of soil-sand and soil-sand-lime containing 20% to 60% of WFS could be used as pavement bases and sub-bases courses. On the other hand, sand-asphalt-hot-mix could consume higher volumes of the residue and also could be used as bases courses. The waste foundry sand and some mixtures were also analyzed through environmental tests. The results showed that the WFS has suitable characteristics to be reused in alternative activities. However, some metals were detected in the mixtures at higher concentrations than the allowed by specifications. Therefore, it is concluded that the waste foundry sand has characteristics that encourage its reuse in low volume traffic pavements, but, it is recommended the construction of experimental pavement sections using WFS to assess the environmental impact of the residue in long term periods.

A areia de fundição é um resíduo sólido industrial oriundo da etapa de desmoldagem de peças metálicas no processo de produção de fundidos. Esse resíduo, dependendo do processo de fundição utilizado (moldagem a verde, moldagem em casca, moldagem com resina sintética e outros) e do material moldado, pode conter elementos e/ou compostos químicos que podem causar impacto ambiental. As substâncias que podem estar presentes na areia de fundição são provenientes, em parte, do tipo de metal moldado e, em parte, do aglomerante utilizado no processo. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um estudo de alternativa para utilização desse rejeito com a finalidade de contribuir para a minimização do problema, reutilizando-o na composição dos agregados para concreto asfáltico. Para tanto, foram realizados ensaios de classificação de resíduos em amostras de areias virgem e de fundição e em misturas asfálticas, contendo areia virgem e de fundição, não compactadas, para verificar se este resíduo, quando incorporado à massa asfáltica, poluiria o meio ambiente. Realizou-se, também, ensaio de lixiviação com extrator soxhlet em corpo-de-prova de mistura asfáltica com 15% de areia de fundição para avaliar o comportamento, em termos ambientais, desse material a longo prazo. Para verificar o desempenho, da massa asfáltica contendo esse resíduo, na pavimentação, foram realizados ensaios de dosagem Marshall, dano por umidade induzida, cantabro, resistência à tração, módulo de resiliência e fluência estática. Com base nos resultados obtidos, pôde-se concluir, em linhas gerais, que a reutilização de areia de fundição em pavimentação asfáltica é viável, pois as misturas asfálticas contendo esse resíduo apresentaram boas propriedades mecânicas de interesse à pavimentação. Além disso, os ensaios de classificação de resíduos sólidos realizados na massa asfáltica com areia de fundição, cuja classificação original é Classe II - não inerte, ) classificaram a massa asfáltica como resíduo Classe III - inerte, o que sugere um encapsulamento deste resíduo pela massa asfáltica. / Foundry sand is an industrial solid waste resulting from sand casting process in foundry industries. Depending on the type of foundry process (green sand molding, shell sand molding, molding using synthetic resin and others) and of the type cast metal, this waste may contain elements and/or chemical compounds that may cause environmental impact. The substances that may be found in foundry sand proceed partly from the type of the metal and partly from the agglutinant used on the process. The purpose of this research is to present an alternative study for the use of the foundry sand, reusing it in the composition of the aggregate for asphalt concrete and thus to contribute to minimize the environmental impact caused for this waste. To reach this purpose, classification tests of solid wastes were run in virgin sand and foundry sand and asphaltic mixtures not compacted containing both types of sand. This investigation considered the possibility of this waste when incorporated to asphaltic mixture to pollute the environment. Leaching with soxhlet extractor test in specimen of asphaltic mixture with 15% of foundry sand was also realized to evaluate the performance of this material a long-term period in environmental terms. In order to verify the performance in paving, the mixtures were submitted to Marshall method of mix design and to the tests of resilient modulus, indirect tensile strength, cantabro, resistance of compacted bituminous mixture to moisture-induced damage and static creep. Based on the results, it could be concluded that, in a general way, the reuse of foundry sand in asphaltic paving is viable, once the asphaltic mixtures containing this residue presented good mechanical properties. Besides the classification tests of solid wastes realized in asphaltic mixture containing foundry sand, which original classification as class II - no inert, passed to a classification of asphaltic mixture class III - inerte, what suggests that the waste was encapsulated in hot mix asphalt.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 implementacao_programa.pdf: 2739160 bytes, checksum: b67702897cd08ae97c1f4f86aea52c79 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-16 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / CNPQ – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / PROSUP - Programa de Suporte à Pós-Gradução de Instituições de Ensino Particulares / UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos / A indústria de Fundição contribui para a sociedade atendendo a demanda da produção e reciclagem de peças metálicas, porém possui uma gama de aspectos ambientais por utilizar quantidades significativas de matérias primas extraídas do meio ambiente e produzir uma série de resíduos contaminantes que geram consequentes impactos ambientais. Assim, torna-se necessário desenvolver indicadores de qualidade ambiental e de processo que sintetizem a situação organizacional refletindo barreiras e gargalos que podem impedir o desenvolvimento ambientalmente adequado do processo de obtenção de peças fundidas. Nesta Dissertação foi utilizada como objeto de estudo uma indústria de Fundição de pequeno porte com um programa de Produção mais Limpa (P+L) implementado. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar avaliação do processo produtivo desta empresa com a intenção de quantificar e qualificar o movimento das principais matérias e energia ao longo das melhorias de P+L implementadas, considerando a reinserção dos mesmos no próprio processo, observando como as ferramentas de P+L podem valorizar e facilitar a utilização dos materiais e quais os benefícios ambientais e econômicos envolvidos. Desta forma, buscou-se criar indicadores que mostrem os benefícios da implementação da metodologia de P+L e sua relação com outras ferramentas complementares de sustentabilidade dentro do conceito de Ecologia Industrial, sendo capaz de tanto reduzir consumo de matérias primas e geração de resíduos, quanto de agregar valor aos resíduos inerentes ao processo. Os principais resultados obtidos foram os indicadores propostos que permitiram subsidiar as discussões sobre o andamento da parceria empresa/grupo de pesquisa e a sustentabilidade do processo de fundição em questão. Ao passo que a empresa segregou e qualificou seus resíduos, transformou-os em subproduto e coproduto para utilizá-los em seu próprio sistema produtivo, agregou um valor de difícil mensuração, porém extremamente significativo, já que envolveu o consumo destes materiais oriundos de um processo de produção em substituição ao consumo de recursos naturais, diminuindo assim a pressão sobre os ecossistemas naturais e aumentando a reciclabilidade de seus materiais e a produtividade de seu processo. / The foundry industry contributes to society by meeting the demand of production and recycling of metal parts, but has a range of environmental aspects by using significant quantities of raw materials extracted from the environment and produces a series of wastes that generate contaminants resulting environmental impacts. Thus, it becomes necessary to develop indicators of environmental quality and process that summarize the organizational situation reflecting barriers and bottlenecks which can prevent the development of environmentally appropriate process for obtaining castings. In this dissertation was used as study object a small foundry industry with a program of Cleaner Production (CP) implemented. The present work has as objective assessment of the production process of this company with the intent to quantify and qualify the movement of the main materials and energy along the CP improvements implemented, considering the reinsertion in the same process, noting how the CP tools can enhance and facilitate the use of materials and what the environmental and economic benefits involved. In this way the study aimed to develop indicators that show the benefits of implementing the CP methodology and its relationship with other complementary tools for sustainability within the concept of Industrial Ecology, being able to both reduce consumption of raw materials and waste generation, and to add value to the waste inherent to the process. The main results are the proposed indicators that allowed subsidize discussions about the progress of the partnership company / research group and the sustainability of the casting process in question. While the company segregated and qualified their waste, turned them into product and byproduct to use them in your own production system, has added value difficult to measure, but extremely significant because it involved the use of these materials from a production process to replace the consumption of natural resources, thus reducing pressure on natural ecosystems and increasing the recyclability of their materials and productivity of your process.

Jean-Baptiste Bodoni (1740-1813) est l’un des imprimeurs les plus célèbres du monde occidental et, pour l’Italie, le dernier représentant de la « Typographie d’Ancien Régime » en même temps que le premier des « modernes ». Il a en effet été le dernier capable de dessiner, graver et fondre lui-même ses caractères, tout en exerçant conjointement l’imprimerie et la librairie. Après lui, l’industrialisation du livre commence : les activités qu'il réunissait dans son entreprise, selon la tradition remontant à la naissance de l’imprimerie, se scindèrent sans retour, tandis que la production imprimée s’adressait désormais à la fois à des marchés plus vastes et à des publics différents et plus larges. Les tirages de masse s'accompagnèrent d'une baisse de la qualité et d'une plus grande banalité du style. Grâce à Angelo Pezzana, directeur de la Bibliothèque de Parme au XIXème siècle, les outils utilisés par Bodoni pour fabriquer les caractères, mais aussi ses archives et une collection complète des volumes produits par son atelier, ont été conservés jusqu’à nos jours. Il est donc possible de reconstruire la vie de Bodoni, en insistant notamment sur ses rapports avec les cours d’Europe et avec le marché de la bibliophilie, sur les conditions et les pratiques de travail dans la fonderie de caractères et dans l’imprimerie, et sur la genèse des ouvrages les plus célèbres. La fortune qui a été la sienne remonte aux décennies qui suivent sa disparition et se prolonge jusqu’à aujourd’hui, où les caractères Bodoni sont utilisés dans les graphismes publicitaires et dans les revues, ainsi que pour les marques de mode. Ils sont, toujours, des symboles de l’élégance, de la simplicité, et en même temps du luxe et de l’italianité. / Giambattista Bodoni (1740-1813) is one of the most famous printers of the western world and, for Italy, the last representative of the "Ancien Régime Typography" at the same time as the first "modern". It has indeed been able to make his own characters while exercising together printing and book trade. After him, the industrialization of the book begins: the activities he met in his company, according to tradition dating back to the birth of printing, divided without return, while print production is now addressed to both larger markets and different and wider audiences. Mass prints were accompanied by a decline in quality and of greater banality of style. With Angelo Pezzana, director of the Library of Parma in the nineteenth century, the tools used by Bodoni for making type, but also its archives and a complete collection of volumes produced by his typography, have been preserved until today. It is therefore possible to reconstruct Bodoni of life, with particular emphasis on its relations with the courts of Europe and the market for bibliophile, on the conditions and labor practices in the foundry of characters and in printing, and the genesis of the most famous works. His fortune follow his death and continues until today, where Bodoni characters are used in graphics and for publications and magazines, as well as for fashion brands. They are always, symbols of elegance, simplicity, and at the same time of the luxury and of the Italian style.