L’annotation en rôles sémantiques est une tâche qui permet d’attribuer des étiquettes de rôles telles que Agent, Patient, Instrument, Lieu, Destination etc. aux différents participants actants ou circonstants (arguments ou adjoints) d’une lexie prédicative. Cette tâche nécessite des ressources lexicales riches ou des corpus importants contenant des phrases annotées manuellement par des linguistes sur lesquels peuvent s’appuyer certaines approches d’automatisation (statistiques ou apprentissage machine). Les travaux antérieurs dans ce domaine ont porté essentiellement sur la langue anglaise qui dispose de ressources riches, telles que PropBank, VerbNet et FrameNet, qui ont servi à alimenter les systèmes d’annotation automatisés. L’annotation dans d’autres langues, pour lesquelles on ne dispose pas d’un corpus annoté manuellement, repose souvent sur le FrameNet anglais. Une ressource telle que FrameNet de l’anglais est plus que nécessaire pour les systèmes d’annotation automatisé et l’annotation manuelle de milliers de phrases par des linguistes est une tâche fastidieuse et exigeante en temps. Nous avons proposé dans cette thèse un système automatique pour aider les linguistes dans cette tâche qui pourraient alors se limiter à la validation des annotations proposées par le système. Dans notre travail, nous ne considérons que les verbes qui sont plus susceptibles que les noms d’être accompagnés par des actants réalisés dans les phrases. Ces verbes concernent les termes de spécialité d’informatique et d’Internet (ex. accéder, configurer, naviguer, télécharger) dont la structure actancielle est enrichie manuellement par des rôles sémantiques. La structure actancielle des lexies verbales est décrite selon les principes de la Lexicologie Explicative et Combinatoire, LEC de Mel’čuk et fait appel partiellement (en ce qui concerne les rôles sémantiques) à la notion de Frame Element tel que décrit dans la théorie Frame Semantics (FS) de Fillmore. Ces deux théories ont ceci de commun qu’elles mènent toutes les deux à la construction de dictionnaires différents de ceux issus des approches traditionnelles. Les lexies verbales d’informatique et d’Internet qui ont été annotées manuellement dans plusieurs contextes constituent notre corpus spécialisé. Notre système qui attribue automatiquement des rôles sémantiques aux actants est basé sur des règles ou classificateurs entraînés sur plus de 2300 contextes. Nous sommes limités à une liste de rôles restreinte car certains rôles dans notre corpus n’ont pas assez d’exemples annotés manuellement. Dans notre système, nous n’avons traité que les rôles Patient, Agent et Destination dont le nombre d’exemple est supérieur à 300. Nous avons crée une classe que nous avons nommé Autre où nous avons rassemblé les autres rôles dont le nombre d’exemples annotés est inférieur à 100. Nous avons subdivisé la tâche d’annotation en sous-tâches : identifier les participants actants et circonstants et attribuer des rôles sémantiques uniquement aux actants qui contribuent au sens de la lexie verbale. Nous avons soumis les phrases de notre corpus à l’analyseur syntaxique Syntex afin d’extraire les informations syntaxiques qui décrivent les différents participants d’une lexie verbale dans une phrase. Ces informations ont servi de traits (features) dans notre modèle d’apprentissage. Nous avons proposé deux techniques pour l’identification des participants : une technique à base de règles où nous avons extrait une trentaine de règles et une autre technique basée sur l’apprentissage machine. Ces mêmes techniques ont été utilisées pour la tâche de distinguer les actants des circonstants. Nous avons proposé pour la tâche d’attribuer des rôles sémantiques aux actants, une méthode de partitionnement (clustering) semi supervisé des instances que nous avons comparée à la méthode de classification de rôles sémantiques. Nous avons utilisé CHAMÉLÉON, un algorithme hiérarchique ascendant. / Semantic role annotation is a process that aims to assign labels such as Agent, Patient, Instrument, Location, etc. to actants or circumstants (also called arguments or adjuncts) of predicative lexical units. This process often requires the use of rich lexical resources or corpora in which sentences are annotated manually by linguists. The automatic approaches (statistical or machine learning) are based on corpora. Previous work was performed for the most part in English which has rich resources, such as PropBank, VerbNet and FrameNet. These resources were used to serve the automated annotation systems. This type of annotation in other languages for which no corpora of annotated sentences are available often use FrameNet by projection. Although a resource such as FrameNet is necessary for the automated annotation systems and the manual annotation by linguists of a large number of sentences is a tedious and time consuming work. We have proposed an automated system to help linguists in this task so that they have only to validate annotations proposed. Our work focuses on verbs that are more likely than other predicative units (adjectives and nouns) to be accompanied by actants realized in sentences. These verbs are specialized terms of the computer science and Internet domains (ie. access, configure, browse, download) whose actantial structures have been annotated manually with semantic roles. The actantial structure is based on principles of Explanatory and Combinatory Lexicology, LEC of Mel’čuk and appeal in part (with regard to semantic roles) to the notion of Frame Element as described in the theory of frame semantics (FS) of Fillmore. What these two theories have in common is that they lead to the construction of dictionaries different from those resulting from the traditional theories. These manually annotated verbal units in several contexts constitute the specialized corpus that our work will use. Our system designed to assign automatically semantic roles to actants is based on rules and classifiers trained on more than 2300 contexts. We are limited to a restricted list of roles for certain roles in our corpus have not enough examples manually annotated. In our system, we addressed the roles Patient, Agent and destination that the number of examples is greater than 300. We have created a class that we called Autre which we bring to gether the other roles that the number of annotated examples is less than 100. We subdivided the annotation task in the identification of participant actants and circumstants and the assignment of semantic roles to actants that contribute to the sense of the verbal lexical unit. We parsed, with Syntex, the sentences of the corpus to extract syntactic informations that describe the participants of the verbal lexical unit in the sentence. These informations are used as features in our learning model. We have proposed two techniques for the task of participant detection: the technique based in rules and machine learning. These same techniques are used for the task of classification of these participants into actants and circumstants. We proposed to the task of assigning semantic roles to the actants, a partitioning method (clustering) semi supervised of instances that we have compared to the method of semantic role classification. We used CHAMELEON, an ascending hierarchical algorithm.

本論文「客語「放」及其同類動詞：框架語義與構式之互動」以Fillmore (1985)提出的「框架語義」以及Goldberg (1995)等學者提出的「構式語法」觀點為基礎，分析客語「放」字構式呈現的多義現象。客語「放」字涉及「使動事件」：空間位移與狀態變化。本文著重分析「使動結構」與客語「放」字在動賓、動補及句子等構式中語意－句法的互動。同時藉助隱喻與轉喻的強化，說明客語「放」字延伸語意之間的關聯性，並進一步闡述客語「放」字在動賓結構中詞彙化為複合詞的現象。此外，本文亦檢視客語其他放置類動詞：方向同類動詞、工具同類動詞、方式同類動詞，經由審視其詞彙化類型與框架語義之互動，說明其語意內涵與句法上的表現。因此，本論文經由分析詞彙化類型與探討事件架構中參與角色的展現與否，說明客語放置類動詞語意與句法間的相互關係。 / English verbs describing putting, a prototypical exemplar of a caused-motion activity, have been pervasively found to be the first acquired and the most frequently used verbs in many languages. Their semantic compatibility with various syntactic structures reinforces the association between verbal meanings and the constructions, giving rise to a grouping of related but distinct senses (Goldberg et al. 2004). Piong3 (放) ‘to put’ in Hakka is abundant in semantics. The basic meaning of piong3 designates a common pattern of human experience: An animate entity exerts manual force upon a physical object and causes the object to move. Adopting Goldberg’s (1995) Constructions and Fillmore’s (1985) Frame Semantics, this study aims to account for the meaning relatedness latent in piong3 and explicate the shades of meaning rooted in the set of its congeners with different degree of family resemblance. It is argued that the delicate nuances denoted by piong3 are derived from the interaction between frames and constructions while the extended meanings of piong3 are linked to its typical use through various metaphors and metonymies such as CONTAINER, EVENT STRUCTURE, CHANGE OF STATE AS CHANGE OF LOCATION metaphors and ACTION FOR RESULT metonymy. Furthermore, with regard to congeners of piong3 in Hakka, it is maintained that differences in profiling and lexicalization patterns capture the primary difference between piong3 and its congeners. Specifically, piong3 does not lexicalize other semantic elements (i.e. path, means, manner, result, and etc.) into its lexical meaning whereas its congeners explicitly do so, in that three subtypes of the congeners can be identified: directional congeners, means congeners, and manner congeners.

Submitted by Fabricia Fialho Reginato (fabriciar) on 2015-07-04T00:45:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SilviaFoschiera.pdf: 3755161 bytes, checksum: 0f631548f2054c557658d1a50094a5ac (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-04T00:45:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SilviaFoschiera.pdf: 3755161 bytes, checksum: 0f631548f2054c557658d1a50094a5ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-31 / Nenhuma / O objetivo principal desta investigação é verificar em que aspectos a Semântica de Frames (FILLMORE, 1982; 1985) e o modelo denominado Roda das Emoções (SCHERER, 2005) contribuem na relação entre a linguagem e o fenômeno da emoção, considerando os idiomas português e espanhol. A Semântica de Frames, perspectiva teórica vinculada à Linguística Cognitiva, fundamenta a análise semântica e sintática por meio de um estudo exploratório do maquinário da FrameNet (FILLMORE et al., 2003). Com base nesse arcabouço teórico, realizamos um levantamento dos frames e elementos de frame de verbos e adjetivos que descrevem a emoção, associando categorias semânticas e sintáticas. Verificamos, também, a possibilidade de mapear o holder e o tópico de opinião considerando o corpus de sentenças do Twitter. A segunda perspectiva teórica está relacionada à Psicologia Cognitiva, por meio do modelo denominado Roda das Emoções. Considerando os traços semânticos sugeridos nessa ferramenta, observa-se o quanto, levando em conta aplicações computacionais, ela vem enriquecer um estudo de Análise de Sentimento. A Roda das Emoções serve para identificar a polaridade das opiniões constantes por meio dos adjetivos nas sentenças da amostra. Os resultados evidenciam que as duas perspectivas se revelam produtivas para aplicações computacionais em Análise de Sentimento. / The main objective of this research is to ascertain which aspects of Frame Semantics (Fillmore, 1982; 1985) and the model called Wheel of Emotions (Scherer, 2005) contribute to the relationship between language and the phenomenon of emotion, in regards to the Portuguese and Spanish languages. Frame Semantics -a theoretical construct linked to cognitive linguistics- underlies the syntactic and semantic analysis by means of an exploratory study of the FrameNet database (Fillmore et al., 2003). Based on this theoretical framework, we conducted a survey of the frames and frame elements that describe emotions, attaching semantic and syntactic categories to them. We also contemplated the possibility of mapping the holder and the subject of opinion in the corpus of sentences from Twitter. The second theoretical perspective is related to cognitive psychology through the Wheel of Emotions. Considering the semantic aspects offered by this tool, it is observed to what extent –including computer applications- it enriches the study of Sentiment Analysis. The Wheel of Emotions helps to identify the polarity of opinions contained in the sample sentences. The results show that the two perspectives prove productive for computer applications in Sentiment Analysis.

The aim of this study is to develop a more effective translation technique analysis of the Peshitta to Ezekiel text that would contribute to the textual studies of Ezekiel. In order to help provide such an effective analysis on translation technique, the methodology employed is the comparative analysis of texts, which incorporates the theory from Cognitive Semantics called Frame Semantics. This theory views units of meaning in text or speech contexts at the level of semantic frames and is therefore most ideal in view of the idiomatic nature of the Peshitta translation. By applying this theory, the frames in the Hebrew source text of the translator were compared to those in the translator’s target Syriac text, to see whether there were correspondences between the two frames. In chapter 3, the GIVING frames evoked by נתן (nātan) were studied and it was found that most of the frames in the Hebrew text corresponded well with those in the Syriac target text. The exception is mainly those frames in which there might have been textual difficulties in the source text. Similar observations were made in chapter 4 for the ARRIVING frames evoked by the Hebrew verb בוא (bō). However, nouns associated with the frame MISDEEDS presented some problems, mainly as to their use in the Hebrew source text. The use of these nouns could have affected the translator’s understanding of such categories, leading to their inconsistent representation in the target text. Nevertheless, it can be indicated that the translator demonstrated a relatively good understanding of the use of the nouns in the Hebrew text. Overall, the translation of the Peshitta to Ezekiel was made at the approximate level of semantic frames, displaying a translation technique that should be very useful for the textual studies of the Book of Ezekiel. / PhD (Semitic Languages), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

The aim of this study is to develop a more effective translation technique analysis of the Peshitta to Ezekiel text that would contribute to the textual studies of Ezekiel. In order to help provide such an effective analysis on translation technique, the methodology employed is the comparative analysis of texts, which incorporates the theory from Cognitive Semantics called Frame Semantics. This theory views units of meaning in text or speech contexts at the level of semantic frames and is therefore most ideal in view of the idiomatic nature of the Peshitta translation. By applying this theory, the frames in the Hebrew source text of the translator were compared to those in the translator’s target Syriac text, to see whether there were correspondences between the two frames. In chapter 3, the GIVING frames evoked by נתן (nātan) were studied and it was found that most of the frames in the Hebrew text corresponded well with those in the Syriac target text. The exception is mainly those frames in which there might have been textual difficulties in the source text. Similar observations were made in chapter 4 for the ARRIVING frames evoked by the Hebrew verb בוא (bō). However, nouns associated with the frame MISDEEDS presented some problems, mainly as to their use in the Hebrew source text. The use of these nouns could have affected the translator’s understanding of such categories, leading to their inconsistent representation in the target text. Nevertheless, it can be indicated that the translator demonstrated a relatively good understanding of the use of the nouns in the Hebrew text. Overall, the translation of the Peshitta to Ezekiel was made at the approximate level of semantic frames, displaying a translation technique that should be very useful for the textual studies of the Book of Ezekiel. / PhD (Semitic Languages), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

Dans notre thèse, nous analysons les représentations sociales de la Neustadt, l’ancien quartier impérial de Strasbourg, par la population locale. Depuis 2010, le "quartier allemand" fait l’objet d’une médiatisation croissante, déclenchée par la candidature de la Communauté urbaine de Strasbourg, qui prévoit le classement de la Neustadt au patrimoine mondial de l’Unesco. La valorisation portée à cet espace urbain ne semble, en revanche, pas converger avec les représentations des habitants de Strasbourg. Nous proposons une approche interdisciplinaire et discursive pour analyser les représentations sociales de la Neustadt à partir de questionnaires et d’entretiens. Nous exploitons le potentiel de deux dispositifs psychosociaux – la "théorie du noyau central" et de l’hypothèse de la "zone muette" – dans le cadre d’une analyse linguistique de discours qui est d’orientation sémantico-cognitive. Des méthodes lexicométriques et des cadres sémantiques (en tant que catégories cognitives d’analyse) sont appliquées afin d’analyser le contenu, la structure, la distribution, la dynamique et les interconnexions des représentations sociales dans le discours. / In our thesis, we analyse the social representations of the Neustadt, former German imperial district in Strasbourg, by the local population. Since 2010, the "German district" is an object of increasing media coverage, provoked by the candidature of the city of Strasbourg, which aims at the inscription of the Neustadt on the UNESCO’s World Heritage List. The valorisation of this urban space, however, seems to disagree with the perception of the Neustadt by the inhabitants of the city. We propose an interdisciplinary and discursive approach to the analysis of the social representations of the Neustadt on the basis of questionnaires and interviews. We use and exploit the potential of two psychosocial concepts – the "theory of the central core" and the "hypothesis of the silent zone" – in the context of a linguistic discourse analysis and a cognitive semantics approach. We apply lexicometric methods and semantic frames (as cognitive categories for analysis) in order to analyse the content, the structure, the distribution, the dynamics and the interconnections of social representations inside the discourse. / In der Dissertation untersuchen wir die sozialen Repräsentationen und die Wahrnehmung der Neustadt, des ehemaligen kaiserlichen Viertels in Straßburg, durch die lokale Bevölkerung. Seit 2010 wird das ‚deutsche Viertel‘ in der lokalen Presse zunehmend thematisiert, was auf die Bewerbung der Stadt Straßburg zurückzuführen ist, mit der die Einschreibung der Neustadt auf die Liste des UNESCO-Weltkulturerbes angestrebt wird. Die aktuelle Wertschätzung der Neustadt scheint allerdings nicht mit der Wahrnehmung durch die Bewohner Straßburgs übereinzustimmen. Wir entwickeln einen interdisziplinären, diskursanalytischen Ansatz und untersuchen die sozialen Repräsentationen der Neustadt anhand von Fragebögen und Interviews. Dabei werden zwei sozialpsychologische Konzepte – die ‚Theorie des zentralen Kerns‘ und die ‚Hypothese der zone muette‘ – in einen kognitiv inspirierten, diskurslinguistischen Ansatz eingebettet. Lexikometrische Verfahren und semantische Frames (kognitive Analysekategorien) werden eingesetzt, um Inhalt, Struktur, Distribution, Dynamik und die Vernetzung sozialer Repräsentationen im Diskurs zu erforschen.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-02-04T11:00:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 simonerodriguesperoncorrea.pdf: 4407654 bytes, checksum: 7e9467b55f265d0caaba71e1a7087e99 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-02-05T10:52:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 simonerodriguesperoncorrea.pdf: 4407654 bytes, checksum: 7e9467b55f265d0caaba71e1a7087e99 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-05T10:52:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 simonerodriguesperoncorrea.pdf: 4407654 bytes, checksum: 7e9467b55f265d0caaba71e1a7087e99 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-24 / Esta dissertação de mestrado está inserida no projeto COPA 2014 FrameNet Brasil (SALOMÃO ET AL., 2011), que teve como objetivo criar um dicionário eletrônico trilíngue para domínios específicos do Turismo, Futebol e Copa do Mundo em parceria com o projeto FrameCorp (CHISHMAN ET AL., 2008) e o International Computer Science Institute. O dicionário foi estruturado a partir dos postulados da Semântica de Frames (FILLMORE, 1982, 1985) e da metodologia específica da rede semântica FrameNet (RUPPENHOFFER ET AL., 2010). A partir disso, buscou-se implementar a relação de Tradução no banco de dados da FrameNet Brasil, utilizando os frames como representações semânticas interlinguísticas transculturais nos domínios específicos do dicionário Copa 2014 (GAMONAL, 2013). Nessa direção, como contribuição para este projeto, o escopo desta pesquisa se concentrou em verificar se o frame secundário da experiência turística seria o mesmo entre duas das línguas cobertas pelo Copa 2014: o português e o espanhol. Como o domínio do Turismo toma empréstimos lexicais de outras áreas (CALVI, 2010), permeados por projeções metafóricas, recorreu-se ao aporte teórico da Mesclagem (Blending) (FAUCONNIER, 1994,1997), em especial, a integração conceptual de escopo duplo, como instrumento de análise para o mapeamento dos elementos de frame nucleares que compõem os diferentes domínios cognitivos. Parte-se da hipótese de que os frames secundários que fornecem o empréstimo linguístico para o domínio do Turismo nem sempre são os mesmos para as duas línguas. Desse modo, a etapa de análise das anotações lexicográficas, obtidas em corpora paralelos, possibilitou contrastar as valências sintático-semânticas das unidades lexicais que evocam os frames relacionados às três perspectivas do Turismo_de_atração. Os resultados obtidos mostram que, nesse domínio, alguns cognatos não são empregados como correspondentes aos termos do português. Assim, as análises propostas auxiliaram na seleção de equivalentes de tradução que mais se assemelhem ao uso do falante nativo. / This thesis is part of the COPA 2014 FrameNet Brasil project (SALOMÃO ET AL., 2011), whose aim was the creation of a trilingual electronic dictionary covering the domains of Tourism, Soccer and the World Cup. The project was developed in collaboration with the FrameCorp project (CHISHMAN ET AL., 2008) and the International Computer Sciences Institute. The dictionary structure derives from the theoretical foundations of Frame Semantics (FILLMORE, 1982, 1985) and is based on FrameNet‟s methodology (RUPPENHOFFER ET AL., 2010). A Translation frame-to-frame relation was implemented in the FrameNet Brasil database, relying on frames as cross-cultural interlingual representations for the specific domains of the Copa 2014 dictionary (GAMONAL, 2013). The main contribution of this thesis to the project is that of analyzing whether secondary frames structuring the touristic experience were the same in two of the languages covered by the dictionary: Portuguese and Spanish. Because the language of Tourism uses vocabulary that is metaphorically grounded on other domains (CALVI, 2010), we deploy conceptual integration networks (Blending) (FAUCONNIER, 1994, 1997) as a means of analyzing how the frame elements structuring those domains are mapped to each other. Our hypothesis is that secondary frames involved in the language of Tourism are not always the same for the two languages. Such a hypothesis was confirmed through the analysis of the lexicographic annotations produced for the three perspectives of the Attraction_tourism frame. Those annotations derive from parallel corpora and yield the synctatic and semantic valences of the lexical units evoking the tourism frames. The analysis proposed contributes to the selection of translation equivalents that represent better the way native speakers of the Portuguese and Spanish refer to the touristic experience.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-04-05T11:25:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 mauchaandradegamonal.pdf: 5111281 bytes, checksum: 1a21973abbc0ee27bb4401bad94f7099 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T03:47:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mauchaandradegamonal.pdf: 5111281 bytes, checksum: 1a21973abbc0ee27bb4401bad94f7099 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T03:47:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mauchaandradegamonal.pdf: 5111281 bytes, checksum: 1a21973abbc0ee27bb4401bad94f7099 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-11 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta dissertação é parte do subprojeto Copa 2014 FrameNet Brasil (SALOMÃO ET AL., 2011), iniciativa da FrameNet Brasil em parceria com o projeto FrameCorp (CHISHMAN ET AL., 2008) e com a Berkeley FrameNet (FILLMORE ET AL., 2003) que propõe a elaboração de dicionário eletrônico trilíngue – Português, Inglês, Espanhol – para os domínios da Copa do Mundo, do Futebol e do Turismo. A elaboração deste recurso se mostra diferente dos demais dicionários eletrônicos por ser estruturado a partir da teoria da Semântica de Frames (FILLMORE, 1982, 1985; PETRUCK, 1996) e da metodologia da FrameNet (FILLMORE ET AL., 2003, 2003a; RUPPENHOFER ET AL., 2010). A contribuição desta pesquisa é estabelecer as diretrizes para a estruturação deste dicionário a partir da modelagem de frames da experiência turística. Para tanto, algumas perguntas guiam o desenvolvimento deste trabalho: i) Em que medida os frames do domínio turístico modelados com corpora compilados da língua portuguesa do Brasil servem para representar os frames do Turismo para as demais línguas do dicionário? ii) Como a FrameNet responde aos desafios colocados na estruturação de recursos lexicais multilíngues? É possível utilizar frames como interlíngua? iii) Que avaliação se pode fazer do Kicktionary, dicionário multilíngue do futebol, como produto que utiliza a FrameNet e a WordNet (MILLER, 1993, 1995; FELLBAUM, 1998)? As respostas a essas reflexões apontaram que: i) os frames do domínio turístico são modelados da mesma forma pelas diferentes culturas; ii) a rede semântica FrameNet precisa se adaptar às especificidades impostas pela lexicografia multilíngue, mas, devido ao caráter transcultural do Turismo e também da Copa do Mundo e do Futebol, os frames podem ser utilizados como interlíngua; ii) o Kicktionary, como dicionário multilíngue de domínio especializado que utiliza frames e synsets, deveria rever a funcionalidade de cada teoria na estruturação dos bancos de dados. As relações intralinguísticas poderiam acontecer via WordNet, e as relações interlinguísticas, via FrameNet. / This work is part of the subproject 2014 World Cup FrameNet Brasil (SALOMÃO ET AL., 2011), an initiative of FrameNet Brazil in partnership with the FrameCorp project (CHISHMAN ET AL., 2008) and Berkeley FrameNet (FILLMORE ET AL. 2003), which proposes developing a trilingual electronic dictionary - English, Portuguese, Spanish - for the domains of the World Cup, Soccer, and Tourism. The development of this resource is different from the other electronic dictionaries because it is structured within the theory of Frame Semantics (FILLMORE, 1982, 1985; PETRUCK, 1996) and the methodology of FrameNet (FILLMORE ET AL., 2003, 2003a; RUPPENHOFER ET AL., 2010). The contribution of this research is to establish guidelines for structuring this dictionary through the analysis of tourist experience frames. Therefore, some questions guide the development of this work: i) How does this resource respond to the challenges involved in structuring multilingual lexical resources? ii) Is it possible to use frames as an interlingual representation? iii) What evaluation can be made of Kicktionary, a multilingual dictionary of football as a product that uses both FrameNet and WordNet (Miller, 1993, 1995; FELLBAUM, 1998)? The answers to these considerations have shown that: i) frames of the tourist domain are modeled in the same way by different cultures; ii) FrameNet needs to adapt to the specificities imposed by multilingual lexicography, but due to the transcultural nature of Tourism and also the Soccer and the World Cup, frames can be used as interlingua; ii) the Kicktionary, as specialized multilingual dictionary which uses frames and synsets, should review the functionality of each theory in structuring databases. Intralinguistic relations could happen via WordNet, and interlingual relations via FrameNet.

Abstract My thesis discusses the semantic and syntactic properties of Finnish verbless expressions of events in the light of two examples, the SOURCE construction (e.g. Oikeusasiamieheltä huomautus lit. ‘From the ombudsman a complaint’) and the GOAL construction (e.g. Pakistanille rangaistus lit. ‘For Pakistan a punishment’). I show that they express dynamic events in a way comparable to finite constructions. However, they are not elliptic structures but genuinely verbless constructions. The study is founded on Cognitive Construction Grammar and frame semantics, and the analysis is based on two types of data and two methods. First, I collected three sets of 500 newspaper headlines mostly from the Finnish Language Bank (the SOURCE construction, the GOAL construction, and several different verbless constructions), and analyzed them intuitively. Second, I collected paraphrases of 15 instances of the SOURCE construction and 20 instances of the GOAL construction in order to obtain information on how other native speakers of Finnish construe the data which I analyzed intuitively by myself. As a result of this experimental semantic test, I had 169–215 paraphrases per instance of the SOURCE construction and 133–165 paraphrases per instance of the GOAL construction. I then analyzed these paraphrases both semantically and syntactically. The thesis comprises four articles. In the article A case in search of an independent life: The semantics of the initial allative in a Finnish verbless construction, I show that the GOAL construction is polysemous and define eight senses for it. With the help of the established senses, I also justify analyzing the construction as an independent argument structure construction and not as an elliptic structure. The article Elävä LÄHDE: Alkuasemaisen ablatiivin merkitystyypit verbittömässä konstruktiossa is a similar treatment of the SOURCE construction for which I define four senses. In the article Mihin verbittömien konstruktioiden merkitystyypit perustuvat? Skemaattiset ja polyseemiset tapahtumanilmaukset, I connect the previous results explicitly with my theoretical framework. I provide an explanation for these constructions’ polysemy and mechanisms of expressing events. Usually, both of these properties of argument structure constructions are associated with verbs. In the joint article Semantic roles and verbless constructions: A Finnish challenge for verb-centered approaches written with Seppo Kittilä, the discussion is extended to cover also other Finnish verbless constructions. The article provides a more theoretical perspective on the topic: we link the dynamic meanings of the constructions to the concept of semantic roles and argue for the view that the concept should be divided into the concepts of argument roles and participant roles. / Tiivistelmä Käsittelen tutkimuksessani suomen kielen verbittömien tapahtumanilmausten semanttisia ja syntaktisia ominaisuuksia kahden esimerkkitapauksen avulla: LÄHDE-konstruktion (esim. Oikeusasiamieheltä huomautus) ja KOHDE-konstruktion (esim. Pakistanille rangaistus). Osoitan, että ne ilmaisevat dynaamisia tapahtumia siinä missä verbilliset konstruktiotkin mutta eivät kuitenkaan ole elliptisiä rakenteita vaan aidosti verbittömiä. Tutkimukseni rakentuu kognitiivisen konstruktiokieliopin ja kehyssemantiikan sekä kahdenlaisen aineiston ja menetelmän varaan. Ensinnäkin koostin pääasiassa Kielipankin osakokoelmista mutta osin myös muista lähteistä kolme 500 otsikon kokoista toteutuma-aineistoa (LÄHDE-konstruktio, KOHDE-konstruktio ja useat erilaiset verbittömät konstruktiot). Niiden analyysi perustuu intuitiiviseen semanttiseen luokitteluun. LÄHDE- ja KOHDE-konstruktiosta käytössäni olivat lisäksi kokeellisen semantiikan tuottamat parafraasiaineistot: selvitin, miten koehenkilöt tulkitsevat 15 LÄHDE-konstruktion ja 20 KOHDE-konstruktion intuitiivisesti analysoimaani toteutumaa. LÄHDE-konstruktion testi tuotti 169–215 parafraasia otsikkoa kohden, KOHDE-konstruktion 133–165. Analysoin ne sekä semanttisesti että syntaktisesti. Tutkimukseni koostuu neljästä artikkelista. Artikkelissa A case in search of an independent life. The semantics of the initial allative in a Finnish verbless construction esitän, että KOHDE-konstruktio on polyseeminen. Määrittelen sille kahdeksan merkitystyyppiä, joiden avulla myös perustelen, miksi kyseessä on itsenäinen argumenttirakennekonstruktio eikä elliptinen rakenne. Artikkelissa Elävä LÄHDE. Alkuasemaisen ablatiivin merkitystyypit verbittömässä konstruktiossa käsittelen vastaavasti LÄHDE-konstruktiota, jolle määrittelen neljä merkitystyyppiä. Artikkelissa Mihin verbittömien konstruktioiden merkitystyypit perustuvat? Skemaattiset ja polyseemiset tapahtumanilmaukset kytken tulokset selvemmin teoreettiseen viitekehykseeni. Selitän, miksi tarkastelemani konstruktiot ilmaisevat tapahtumia ja ovat polyseemisia, vaikka niissä ei ole verbiä, johon sekä tapahtuman ilmaiseminen että argumenttirakennekonstruktion polyseemisyys yleensä yhdistetään. Seppo Kittilän kanssa kirjoittamassani yhteisartikkelissa Semantic roles and verbless constructions. A Finnish challenge for verb-centered approaches laajennamme suomen verbittömien konstruktioiden tarkastelun LÄHDE- ja KOHDE-konstruktion ulkopuolelle ja yhä teoreettisemmalle tasolle. Liitämme verbittömien konstruktioiden tapahtumamerkitykset semanttisen roolin käsitteeseen sekä perustelemme, miksi se pitäisi jakaa argumentti- ja osallistujaroolin käsitteiksi.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2015-12-17T16:08:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 adrielibonjourlavioladasilva.pdf: 1760741 bytes, checksum: efcbaa3ab3d79707feca1c417ad959d5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2015-12-17T18:03:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 adrielibonjourlavioladasilva.pdf: 1760741 bytes, checksum: efcbaa3ab3d79707feca1c417ad959d5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-17T18:03:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 adrielibonjourlavioladasilva.pdf: 1760741 bytes, checksum: efcbaa3ab3d79707feca1c417ad959d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-06 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta dissertação está inserida no projeto Frames e Construções em Contraste (SALOMÃO, SAMPAIO & TORRENT, 2013), o qual é um dos empreendimentos da FrameNet Brasil (FN-Br). Nesse sentido, intenciona verificar, dado o funcionamento do Constructicon do Português Brasileiro (PB) – um repertório de construções disponível online – as possíveis alterações necessárias para aprimorá-lo de modo a possibilitar seu alinhamento a outros Constructicons em desenvolvimento. Dessa maneira, esta dissertação busca embasamento em duas abordagens construcionais: a Gramática Cogntitivista das Construções (GOLDBERG, 1995; 2006; 2013) e a Gramática das Construções de Berkeley (FILLMORE, 2012; 2013). Além disso, discute aspectos relacionados à Semântica de Frames e à proposta de estudos construcionais contrastivos de Boas (2010). No trabalho, as análises partiram da observação dos padrões do Inglês descritos no Constructicon de Berkeley, buscando equivalências em PB. Os achados comparativos levaram à classificação das 69 construções válidas do Constructicon de Berkeley em três grupos: (A) padrões equivalentes, quando tanto a forma quanto o significado são possíveis em PB; (B) parcialmente equivalentes, para as construções que, ainda que semanticamente sejam possíveis nas duas línguas, possuem alguma diferenciação na estrutura e (C) não-equivalentes, quando nenhuma aproximação pôde ser verificada em PB. Posteriormente, foi realizada a comparação entre a construção de Dativo com Inifinitivo (DCI) do PB – que já vem sendo amplamente estudada na FN-Br em trabalhos anteriores (TORRENT, 2009; LAGE, 2013) e sua contraparte do Inglês – a construção Infinitival Relative Modal (FILLMORE, 2008). Nessa análise, foram percebidas algumas especificidades na DCI que precisaram ser atestadas através da aplicação de um Teste de Similaridade Semântica a falantes nativos do PB. Por fim, esta dissertação advoga em favor da realização de análises contrastivas que possam ir além da mera comparação superficial entre a forma e o sentido de construções de línguas distintas, quando da implementação de Constructicons multilíngues. / This dissertation is part of the Frames and Constructions in Contrast project (SALOMÃO, SAMPAIO & TORRENT, 2013), which is developed at FrameNet Brasil and aims to add multilinguality features to the Brazilian Portuguese Constructicon. In this work, we build on two constructional approaches – Cognitive Construction Grammar (GOLDBERG, 1995; 2006; 2013) and Berkeley Construction Grammar (FILLMORE, 2012; 2013) – so as to analyze to what extent Boas' (2010) proposition of contrastive constructional analysis can be applied to multilingual constructicography. In the study, the analyses were based on the English patterns described in Berkeley Construction, seeking equivalence in Brazilian Portuguese. Comparative findings led to the classification of the 69 valid constructions of the Berkeley Constructicon in three groups: (A) equivalent patterns, when both the form and the meaning are possible in BP; (B) partially equivalent, when constructions, despite being semantically possible in the two languages, bear some difference in the structure and (C) non-equivalent, when no link can be found between English and BP constructions. Subsequently, the comparison was made between the Dative with infinitive construction in BP – which has already been largely studied by FrameNet Brasil (TORRENT, 2009; LAGE, 2013) and its equivalent in English – the Infinitival Relative Modal construction (FILLMORE, 2008). In this analysis, the application of a semantic similarity test to native speakers of BP showed some peculiarities in the Dative with Infinitive construction not attested for the English construction. Finally, this dissertation argues in favor of performing contrastive analyses that go beyond mere superficial comparison between the form and the meaning of different languages constructions, when implementing Multilingual Constructicons.