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The theme of the work is to analyze the current state of employment in information sector in the Czech Republic, its developmental changes with regard to the development of national and world economy. The beginning of work shows changing human society in the information society and economic change in the information economy. In the following chapters is devoted to a summary of the most famous studies that define these changes in terms of occupation, employment and the impact on national economies. There is also described position of information occupations in the current major classifications of occupations. The second part is formed by the survey of employment in the information sector in the Czech Republic. Emphasis is placed on analysis of trends in employment in these sectors. The last chapter compares the employment between the Czech Republic and Finland.

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Québec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2014

Kemisk krigföring i form av luftburna gifter har förekommit i många historiska kontexter. Trots att luftburna gifter, som till exempel giftig rök och gas är likartade företeelser, har inte forskare kunnat enas om äldre former av denna krigföring är jämförbar med den moderna. Huvudorsaken är att deras analyser saknar teoretiska perspektiv som belyser hur respektive   kontexts kemiska förutsättningar påverkar krigföringen. Syftet med den här undersökningen är att jämföra ett modernt nyttjande av luftburna gifter, tyskarnas första klorutsläpp vid Ypres 1915 med ett forntida exempel, den moistiska skolans användande av brandrök som gift under århundradena f. Kr. i Kina. För att kringgå tidigare forsknings problem anläggs ett teoretiskt perspektiv. En teori som belyser dynamiken   mellan kemisk krigföring och respektive kulturs föreställningar om och förhållande till miljön. Undersökningen visar att det är relevant att jämföra det moderna användandet av luftburna gifter med användandet i andra historiska kontexter eftersom det sker i liknande taktiska sammanhang och kräver mycket naturkunskap. Samtidigt belyser analysen att kontexten ger krigföringen en viss karaktär. Moisterna försökte nå framgång genom att samordna och   förbättra den process som gjorde det luftburna giftet effektivt samtidigt som de förlitade sig på generalistkunskap. Tyskarna, däremot förlitade sig på ett så effektivt  kemiskt ämne (agens) som möjligt. För denna typ av krigföring nyttjades utpräglade specialister.   Dessutom var relationen till själva giftet annorlunda i de två kontexterna. Moisterna utsatte sig för röken medan tyskarna avskärmade sig helt från klorgasen. Dessa skillnader går att förstå genom att se hur människorna i respektive kontext utnyttjade den för krigföringen relevanta kemin i icke-militära sammanhang. Den tidigare forskningens problem med att diskutera kemisk krigföring blir också tydligt i undersökningen. Problemet beror på att den vetenskapliga disciplinen kemi medför institutioner och begrepp som begränsar synen på användandet av luftburna gifter. Denna insikt tillsammans med undersökningens övriga resultat belyser något som har relevans för dagens hotbild. Luftburna gifter, kan i rätt sammanhang och genom rätt   prioriteringar göras effektiv utan tillgång till modern vetenskap och industri. Detta bör beaktas när hotbilden från aktörer utan egen militärindustri analyseras. / Airborne poison, as a type of chemical warfare, has been used in many historical contexts. Although airborne poison such as toxic smoke and gas are similar phenomena, researchers have not been able to agree if older forms of warfare are comparable to modern. One reason for this is that their respective analysis lacks theoretical perspectives that account for contextual chemical conditions. The purpose of this study is to compare a modern example of the use of airborne poison, the Germans' first chlorine emissions at Ypres in 1915 with an ancient one, the Mohists use of smoke as a poison in ancient China. A theoretical perspective is applied to circumvent the problems of earlier research. This theory focuses on the dynamics between decision-making in chemical warfare and a particular culture's perception of and relationship to the environment. The study shows that it is relevant to compare the modern use of airborne poison with its use in other historical contexts because the weapon occurs in a similar tactical context. Also this type of warfare requires a lot of knowledge of the natural world. At the same time the analysis illustrates that a specific context gives the warfare a certain character. The Mohists tried to achieve success by coordinating and improving the process by which the airborne poison was made effective. Furthermore they relied on generalist knowledge. The Germans, however, relied on having an efficient chemical substance (agent). For this type of warfare they utilized specialists. The human-poison relationship also differed. The Mohist exposed himself to smoke while the German soldier shut himself off completely from the chlorine gas. These differences can be understood by studying how people exploited similar chemistry in a non-military way  in their respective context. The problems that previous research has had in discussing chemical warfare is also made evident. These problems occur because chemistry as a scientific discipline creates institutions and concepts that limit the view of airborne poison as a weapon. This realization, along with results of the survey in general, illustrates something which has relevance in today’s world. Airborne poison can, in the right place and with the right priorities be effective without modern industrial and scientific resources. This should be considered when analyzing political actors lacking a modern military industry.

1 English abstract: Villa Müller versus Villa Tugendhat - A Comparison of Two Different Restoration Projects of Modernist Buildings. The work compares two successful restorations of interwar Czechoslovak avant-garde buildings realized between 1995 and 2012. At first, the respective histories of both buildings are compared since their creation through two totalitarian regimes up to their restoration. The fates of builders and architects of both villas are also described. From the point of view of historic preservation the work describes the state of both buildings before the commencement of restoration. The errors committed by the original designers are also described here. The methodology of restoration of both villas stemming from the professional points of view and relevant laws governing heritage protection is also treated in detail. The emphasis is given on preparation works preceding the design phase - the historic-structural survey, which, in both cases, was conceived as above-standard. Due to their span, these surveys have marked a key moment in relation to the modern cultural heritage within the Czech context. In the last part of the work links and comparisons are given to similar modern cultural heritage objects abroad. The work also documents the influence these two restorations have had on...

(in English): This thesis seeks to examine the state of the fine art in North Bohemia region at the turn of the 20th century. The period is dominated by romantic and realistic landscape art, which was also the domain of Fritz Gärtner. The thesis furthermore illuminates the life of German artists before and after the World War I in this region. The work focuses on Metznerbund group as it is considered the major movement among the German artists within the given period. Following chapters aim to illuminate the state of the fine art in North Bohemia region after the Second World War.The practical part of the thesis examines the life and work of a Sudeten German painter Fritz Gärtner: his early work from his hometown Ústí nad Labem, his studies at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich and his first considerable exhibition named Arbeit (Labor). The research provides us with new findings that complement previous findings from my bachelor's thesis, which was focused on interpretation of selected Gärtners paintings, resulting in a complete monography of the Sudeten German painter. The research was based on secondary literature concerning the fine art in North Bohemia region and provides a broad scale of new facts about the artistic creation and life of painters within fine art associations in the 20th century.

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