Subject of this diploma thesis is manufacturing of the guiding rail HB 02150 made of metal sheets and used for table slide rail in drawer system. This thesis was made in cooperation with Hettich ČR Company which is producer of furniture hardware. Theses contains theoretical part which explains matters of cutting and bending technology. Marginally will be mentioned matters of spot welding. Practical part contains explanation of production of guiding rail, lay-out of bending roll and cutting tools. In this work there is also described solution of problem with wastrels caused by faulty welding of metal sheets and the draft of welding fixture which solves this problem. Economical and technical summary of this manufacturing process is the last part of this thesis.

In 2020, the meatpacking district of Stockholm (Slakthusområdet) is at the beginning of a period of change. A lot of its buildings are being demolished, or at least gutted, to transform a historical area of industry into a more urban district of housing, offices, trade, and services along with new parks and squares (Stockholms Stad, 2020). This thesis project is specifically about the first building that was torn down as part of the development of the area, Sandhagen 2. We should consider our condemned buildings a precious resource and extract from them rather than from the earth. In every house there is invested energy which is lost the day it is demolished but there is also something else that is lost other than precious resources. The research aims to highlight the importance of reuse not from the more obvious sustainability point of view, but as something that can be aesthetically motivated. The method involves a dissection of Sandhagen 2, extracting interior architectural elements without excessive alterations, and making an organized taxonomy. The taxonomy is then rearranged into a new spatial composition. How can a space be created from a taxonomy defined by an interior architect? How does a material’s earlier life add or take away potential in its future life?  The proposal is a strange space where the tension created by reuse is completely between the elements themselves, a result of having to become the conventional parts of architecture that complete a space; steps, something to sit on, floor, partitions.

MPM / Oliver Tambo Institute of Governance and Policy Studies

Este trabajo de investigación surge a partir del problema de espacio, orientado en hombres y mujeres entre 25 a 45 años que vivan en departamentos pequeños en la ciudad de Lima Metropolitana. Esto hace que muchas familias se vean en la necesidad de optimizar sus espacios y que lo solucionen con la adquisición de muebles y más aún si estos tienen componentes ecológicos. En ese sentido, ECOCREA ofrece muebles multifuncionales contribuyendo al cuidado del medio ambiente. Para esta investigación se realizó encuestas y entrevistas dirigidas a nuestro mercado objetivo las cuales se aplicaron del siguiente modo: se realizaron encuestas a cien personas y se entrevistó a quince personas, el cual se obtuvo como resultado que el 51% están interesados en productos orgánicos, el 48% compra muebles entre un periodo de tres a cinco años, el 41% busca muebles que sean funcionales y el 37 % considera que los recursos de fabricación sean respetables con el medioambiente. Finalmente, se puede observar que la utilidad neta obtenida para el trabajo de investigación entre el año uno y el año cinco se incrementa. En el primer año, fue de S/.13,517.95 soles, lo que representa un 2.39% del total de ventas; luego en el año cinco el monto de utilidad neta es de S/.52,633.71 soles representado por un 7.56% de las ventas de ese mismo año. Lo que indica un crecimiento constante durante el horizonte de análisis. / This research work has the origin from the space problem in men and women between the ages of 25 and 45, who live in small apartments in the city of Lima Metropolitan. That is why many families need to optimize space and they solve it by buying furniture and even more if it is made by eco-friendly materials. By this situation, ECOCREA offers multifunctional furniture for caring the environment. Surveys and interviews were made to our target market for this research. Which were applied to this way: surveys were to one hundred people and the interviews were made to fifteen people. As a result, the 51% are interested in organic products, the 48% bought furniture within 3 to 5 years, the 41% looked for multifunctional furniture and the 37% wanted companies the manufacturing resources to respect the environment. In the end the profitability gets increase in the first year to the fifth year. At the beginning of the research project on first year was S/. 13,517.95 soles, which means the 2.39% of total sales. And after five years the project profitability gets increase to S/.52,633.71 soles which means the 7.56% of total sales. All of this data indicated that ECOCREA is a business growth. / Trabajo de investigación

I detta examensarbete ville jag undersöka asymmetri och använda det ordet för att formge möbler och objekt. Jag ville undersöka hur asymmetrin skulle kunna te sig och jag lade en stor grund vid litteratur och omvärldsanalys. Med researchen tog jag mig vidare in i en skiss- och modellprocess som därefter ledde fram till två utvalda former som jag skulle tillverka i full skala. Arbetet är förhållet till ett tio veckor långt tidsspann och jag betraktar arbetet i helhet som en skiss och en grund för fortsatta studier på master- och forskarnivå. Jag kom fram till att asymmetri kan te sig på olika sätt i formgivningen – en materiell asymmetri, en asymmetri i formers relationer till varandra och att det krävs en viss symmetri för att kunna urskilja asymmetrin, det avvikande. Resultatet är två möbler som visar hur långt eller hur kort man kan dra asymmetrin och de båda objekten innefattar symmetriska beståndsdelar placerade i en asymmetrisk relation till varandra. / In this thesis I wanted to investigate asymmetry and use that word to design furniture and objects. I wanted to investigate how the asymmetry could manifest itself and I laid a great foundation in literature. With the research I proceeded into a sketch and model process which then led to two selected forms that I would produce in full scale. The work is related to a ten-week long span of time and I regard the work as a whole as a sketch and a basis for further studies at master’s and doctoral level. I found that asymmetry can manifest itself in different ways in design – a material asymmetry, an asymmetry in the relations of shapes to each other and that a certain symmetry is required to be able to discern the asymmetry, the deviating. The result is two pieces of furniture that show how far or how short one can take the word investigated. The two objects comprise symmetrical elements placed in an asymmetric relationship to each other.

Purchasing second-hand products on the internet has become more common among private persons. The increase of internet usage among the population in combination with an increased demand for second-hand products results in the online-based C2C market (consumer-to-consumer market) becoming an even more interesting field to study within. Prior research has mostly touched clothes within the study field, but furniture as product category is still an unexplored field within the C2C market online. When purchasing second-hand furniture, there are different factors which have an influence on consumers’ buying behavior, and the attitudes towards these factors often differ between individuals.  The purpose of the study is to explain different factors’ impact on Swedish consumers’ buying behavior when purchasing second-hand furniture on the online-based C2C market. In order to answer this purpose, Swedish consumers’ attitudes are measured empirically with the aim of distinguishing whether there are differences in attitudes towards the study’s independent variables based on the consumers’ year of birth. Additionally, the study aims to reveal the factors that have the biggest impact on consumers’ purchasing of second-hand furniture. This study is based on a quantitative research approach, where a survey was conducted which included a total of 121 Swedish respondents.  The results from the study indicate that the variables social motives as well as the availability of antique products exhibit the biggest differences in attitudes between older consumers and younger consumers. Furthermore, the results indicate that the variables ecological sustainability as well as price have the biggest impact on consumers’ purchase decision from the perspective of buying second-hand furniture online. Thus, the study contributes with new knowledge concerning the factors that private persons prioritize eminently when purchasing second-hand furniture, as well as how these factors differ between consumers based on their year of birth.   Keywords: buying behavior, purchase decision, second-hand furniture, C2C market, attitudes, buying process. / Handel av begagnade produkter på internet har blivit allt vanligare bland privatpersoner. Ökningen av internetanvändning bland befolkningen i kombination med en ökad efterfrågan på begagnade produkter resulterar i att den internetbaserade C2C-marknaden (konsument-till-konsument-marknaden) blir ett desto mer intressant fält att studera. Tidigare forskning har mestadels berört kläder inom forskningsfältet, men möbler som produktkategori är fortfarande ett outforskat område inom C2C-marknaden på internet. Vid köp av begagnade möbler finns det olika faktorer som har en inverkan på konsumenters köpbeteende, och attityderna till dessa faktorer skiljer sig ofta åt mellan olika individer. Syftet med studien är att förklara olika faktorers inverkan på svenska konsumenters köpbeteende vid näthandel av begagnade möbler på C2C-marknaden. För att besvara detta syfte mäts svenska konsumenters attityder empiriskt med målsättningen att urskilja om det finns skillnader i attityder till studiens oberoende variabler baserat på privatpersonernas födelseår. Dessutom är målet att avslöja de faktorer som har störst inverkan på konsumenters köp av begagnade möbler på internet. Studien är baserad på en kvantitativ forskningsansats, där en enkätundersökning genomfördes som omfattade totalt 121 svenska respondenter. Resultaten från studien indikerar att variablerna sociala motiv samt tillgängligheten av antika produkter uppvisade de största skillnaderna i attityder mellan äldre och yngre konsumenter. Vidare indikerar resultaten på att variablerna ekologisk hållbarhet samt pris har störst inverkan på konsumenters köpbeslut utifrån perspektivet kring att handla begagnade möbler online. Studien bidrar således med ny kunskap kring de faktorer som privatpersoner prioriterar i högst grad vid köp av begagnade möbler, samt hur dessa faktorer skiljer sig åt mellan konsumenterna baserat på deras födelseår.   Nyckelord: köpbeteende, köpbeslut, begagnade möbler, C2C-marknaden, attityder, köpprocessen.

Background: Fast furniture is a growing trend similar to fast fashion and fast food, implying that manufacturers produce large quantities of inexpensive furniture. At the same time, consumers use the furniture shorter and replace it more frequently. Fast furniture relies on high resource consumption, outsourced production, and furniture design that makes it necessary to replace it more often. This causes a decrease in quality and an increase in produced quantities. Most of the furniture worldwide is landfilled as it is not recyclable due to low-quality materials. One potential solution is implementing Circular Economic practices, including furniture rental as an alternative way of consumption. Consumer acceptance of this model is scarcely researched, but the formation of consumers' attitudes and intentions has been the subject of publications in other consumption contexts. The recent literature is reviewed, and a research framework was built based on the Theory of Reasoned Action and additional intrapersonal barriers and drivers. Purpose: This research aimed to explain the relationship between intrapersonal barriers and drivers with attitude and behavioral intention towards furniture rental. Further, it was aimed to show which furniture categories are most likely to be rented. Method: A quantitative approach deploying a self-administered online survey was chosen. 235 usable responses were gathered, which were analyzed using PLS-SEM to assess the hypothesized relationships. Conclusion: The findings show that the overall attitude towards furniture rental is positive. Trend orientation and perceived risk are the most influential antecedents of attitude and behavioral intention. Supporting the Theory of Reasoned Action, attitude is the strongest predictor of behavioral intention. Perceived sustainability value, perceived economic value, and materialism also significantly influence the intention to rent furniture. Familiarity with the Sharing Economy shows no significant influence. The study contributes to the existing literature on consumer intentions to use alternative consumption. A new research model was developed based on existing theory and literature. Managers can use the findings to alter, adapt, and build their furniture rental service offerings.

Trenden är tydlig, vi arbetar flexiblare nu för tiden och det verkar vara början på en strukturomvandling av arbetsmarknaden, det har blivit extra tydligt under Covid-19 pandemin. De absolut flesta som arbetar på distans arbetar hemifrån och våra hem måste anpassas till dessa flexibla arbetsformer. Den vanligaste lösningen på problemet är att ta med kontoret hem. Arbetsgivare erbjuder ofta de anställda att ta med stolen eller skrivbordet hem men storleken och estetiken på kontorsmöbler passar inte in i hemmiljön. Vi vill inte ha ett kontor som ser ut som ett hem, inte heller ett hem som ser ut som ett kontor. I det här arbetet undersöker jag estetiken och hur förutsättningarna för distansarbete hemifrån kan förbättras. Ett tidigare projekt kallat Home, som behandlade distansarbete ligger till bakgrund för mitt examensarbete och är en anledning till att jag valt att djupare syna ämnet. Jag har lärt känna problematiken och behoven genom en litteraturstudie där jag granskat olika rapporter och vetenskapliga artiklar för att förstå distansarbete och dess för- och nackdelar. Användarstudier har också genomförts för att lära känna användarna och förstå deras behov, samt samtalat med experter för att fånga in detaljkunskap inom området. Det har lagt grunden för den kreativa fasen bestående av idégenerering och prototyparbete. Det resulterade i ett designförslag som heter Pop, ett flexibelt och kompakt skrivbord för deltidsdistansarbete med platsbrist i hemmet. / There is a distinct trend that we work more flexible nowadays and it seems to be the beginning of a structural transformation of the labour market. This has become clear during the Covid-19 pandemic. The majority of remote workers are stationed in their homes. Therefor our homes must adapt to the change in favor for these flexible working conditions. The quick solution is often to bring the office home, but the size and the aesthetics of office furniture does not fit in the environment of the home. We do not want to have an office that looks like home, or a home that looks like an office. In this essay I investigate the aesthetics and how the conditions for remote work from home can be improved.  An earlier concept called Home, a project about remote work has laid the foundation for my bachelor’s degree essay and is one of the reasons I wanted to explore the subject further.  By studying reports and scientific research I have deeply got to know the conditions for remote work, user’s needs, and the associated problems.  I have also interviewed users as well as professionals, to gather expertise. This has laid the base for my creative work – generating ideas and prototyping. This resulted in a design proposal called Pop, a flexible and compact desk for part-time remote workers who has a lack of space.

Denna studie undersöker de estetiska värderingarna av materialet trä i möbelproduktion och hur det påverkar materialåtgången. Tidigare forskning har främst undersökt träslaget furu och det estetiska urvalet som händer redan i träproduktion. Resultat i denna studie har visat att ett så homogent material som möjligt är att föredra, utan kvistar, färgförändring och ojämn fiberriktning. Större produktionsbolag ser till att spillmaterial som blir över efter sortering blir pappersmassa eller spån. Möbeltillverkare har inte resurser för att ge sitt spill ett andra liv utan eldar upp det. Liknande studier har kommit fram till att det finns estetiska preferenser på trä men inte hur man kan påverka konsumentens val. Hur kan man genom design förändra den estetiska värderingen kring valet av material och förhindra onödigt svinn? Syftet med detta projekt är att genom kritisk design belysa problematiken kring hur vi konsumerar material utifrån estetiska värderingar och konsekvenserna det medför. Kvalitativa metoder i form av expertintervjuer har gjorts för att samla information om hur möbelproducenter väljer sitt material utifrån estetiska preferenser. Resultatet påvisar att en möbel kan generera spill på upp till 70 procent av en planka. Ur ett hållbarhetsperspektiv är det viktigt att visa på de negativa följderna som kommer av att välja bort ett värdefullt material för att det inte är estetiskt tilltalande. / This study examines the aesthetic values of the material wood in furniture manufacturing and how it affects material consumption. Previous research has mainly examined the wood species pine and the aesthetic selection that occurs in wood production. Results in this study have shown that a homogeneous material as possible is preferable, without knots, irregular coloration, and uneven grain. Larger production companies ensure that waste material that remains after sorting becomes pulp or flakes. Furniture manufacturers do not have the resources to give their waste another life, instead they burning the wood for heat. Similar studies have concluded that there are aesthetic preferences on wood but not how to influence consumer choice. How can design change the aesthetic value of the choice of material and prevent unnecessary waste? The purpose of this project is to shed light on the problem of how we consume materials based on aesthetic values and the consequences it has through a critical design perspective. Qualitative methods in the form of expert interviews have been made to gather information on how furniture manufacturers choose their materials based on aesthetic preferences. The results show that a piece of furniture can generate wood waste up to 70 percent of a plank. From a sustainability perspective, it is important to point out the negative consequences that will opt out of a valuable material because it is not aesthetically pleasing.

De acuerdo a la problemática de la falta de accesibilidad para todos los usuarios que transitan por el bypass de la av. Primavera con la Panamericana Sur se buscó una propuesta que abarque la solución a su problema y le permita realizar sus viajes peatonales sin dificultades y/o barreras para todo tipo de usuario. Según investigaciones pasadas aplicadas en países como España, Alemania y México, este problema es recurrente ya que se diseña bienes, productos y/o servicios sin pensar en todas las capacidades que puedan presentar los usuarios. A partir de ellos, se realizó estudios de campo donde se vieron las principales deficiencias de las zonas del bypass donde transitan los peatones, y en estas zonas de realizó en conteo de un aforo peatonal en conjunto con una encuesta de nivel de satisfacción. Después de ello, se procedió a pasar los datos al software sketchup para realizar un cambio de mobiliario y aprovechar las zonas no utilizadas del bypass para brindar mejor comodidad al usuario y espacio para movilizarse sin dificultad. Luego, se aplicó la metodología wayfinding complementar la propuesta con una orientación para peatón hacia su destino y con ello, según el HCM 2010 se revisó el nivel de servicio actual y el de la propuesta, obteniendo una mejora para los caminos por donde se trasladarán los peatones / According to the problem of lack of accessibility for all users passing through the av. Spring with the Panamericana Sur. A proposal was sought that covers the solution to your problem and allows you to make your pedestrian trips without difficulties and / or barriers for all types of users. According to past research applied in countries such as Spain, Germany and Mexico, this problem is recurrent since goods, products and / or services are designed without thinking about all the capabilities that users may present. From them, field studies were carried out where the main deficiencies of the bypass areas where pedestrians pass were seen and from them, a pedestrian capacity was counted in these areas in conjunction with a satisfaction survey. After that, the data was transferred to the sketchup software to make a change of furniture and take advantage of the unused areas of the bypass to provide better comfort to the user and space to move without difficulty. Then, the wayfinding methodology was applied, complementing the proposal with an orientation for pedestrians towards their destination and with this, according to the HCM 2010 the current service level and that of the proposal were revised, obtaining an improvement for the roads where the vehicles will be transferred. pedestrians / Tesis