Submitted by Fabiano Vassallo (fabianovassallo2127@gmail.com) on 2017-05-18T18:25:27Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dissertação versão final.pdf: 2154264 bytes, checksum: 1408db583de1030bcb93228d058cc7e8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Josimara Dias Brumatti (bcgdigital@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-05-19T14:04:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dissertação versão final.pdf: 2154264 bytes, checksum: 1408db583de1030bcb93228d058cc7e8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-19T14:04:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dissertação versão final.pdf: 2154264 bytes, checksum: 1408db583de1030bcb93228d058cc7e8 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Nesta dissertação, são estudadas as formas mais frequentes de expressão de futuro no Português do Brasil, observadas neste e em estudos anteriores: o futuro simples, o futuro perifrástico e o presente do indicativo. Com o objetivo de investigar as especificidades relacionadas ao uso das formas referidas neste estudo, foram analisados dados extraídos de corpus constituído de manchetes e lides de jornais on-line das diferentes regiões brasileiras, no período de maio de 2015 a janeiro de 2016. Ao todo, foram selecionadas 167 notícias, totalizando 343 registros das formas de expressão de futuro em tela. Adotou-se o arcabouço teórico da Linguística Cognitiva, mais precisamente as abordagens sobre Conceptualização e Modelos Cognitivos Idealizados (LANGACKER, 1991, 2008), a fim de se buscar desvelar como um determinado evento relacionado ao futuro é construído pelo conceptualizador. Na análise dos dados, observando-se a influência de fatores, tais como “atividade programada”, “presença de especificador circunstancial” e “certeza epistêmica”, constatou-se que, de uma forma geral, o futuro simples é a forma que apresenta maior frequência em manchetes e lides de jornais on-line para se referir a um evento futuro. No entanto, verificou-se também que, em se tratando de uma atividade programada, o presente do indicativo é a forma de expressão do futuro mais produtiva. Observou-se ainda a importância do parâmetro “certeza epistêmica”, em função do qual foi possível propor uma escala relativa ao emprego, nos jornais on-line, das três formas de expressão do futuro estudadas, tomando como base o grau de certeza epistêmica do conceptualizador (de [+] para [-]): presente do indicativo > futuro simples > futuro perifrástico / In this dissertation, the most frequent forms of expression of the future in Brazilian Portuguese (PB) observed in this and previous studies are studied: the present tense, the simple future and the periphrastic future. With the objective of investigating specificities related to the use of the forms considered in this study, data extracted from the corpus composed of headlines and online newspaper headlines from different Brazilian regions were analyzed from May 2015 to January 2016. In all, 167 news items were selected, totaling 343 records of future forms of expression on screen. The theoretical framework of Cognitive Linguistics was adopted, more precisely the approaches on the Conceptualization Process and the notion of Idealized Cognitive Models (Langaker, 1991, 2008), in order to seek to unveil how a particular event related to the future is constructed by the Conceptualizer. In the analysis of the data, observing the influence of factors such as "programmed activity", "presence of circumstantial specifier" and "epistemic certainty", it was verified that, in a general way, the simple future is the form that presents greater frequency in headlines and online newspaper headlines to refer to a future event. However, it has also been found that in the case of a programmed activity, the present tense is the form of future expression more productive. It was also observed the importance of the parameter "epistemic certainty", according to which it was possible to propose a scale related to the use, in the online newspaper, of the three forms of expression of the future studied, based on the degree of epistemic certainty of the conceptualizer (from [+] to [-]): present tense> simple future> periphrastic future

寬恕是一種跨文化人類共通的美德、是一種正向的心理特質，一種真正的生命智慧。因其有益於人際和諧、幸福感與身心健康，寬恕在近年來成為心理學所關注的議題。本研究旨在探究反芻思考、未來時間觀與寬恕之現況，以及反芻思考與未來時間觀如何影響寬恕的建構，藉以深入瞭解反芻思考、未來時間觀與寬恕之關係。 本研究採用問卷調查法，以「多向度反芻焦點量表」、「未來時間態度量表」與「特質寬恕量表」為研究工具，研究對象為20歲以上成人共1,413位。所得有效問卷資料經描述統計、多變量變異數分析、區別分析、結構方程式模型等統計方法處理，研究發現如下： 1.20歲以上成人之反芻思考、未來時間觀與特質寬恕現況尚佳。 2.不同背景變項之成人在反芻思考整體及其分向度上有部分差異。 （1）女性在「情緒焦點反芻」與「意義焦點反芻」上之得分顯著高於男性。 （2）高齡者的反芻思考整體與各向度之得分明顯較低。 3.不同背景變項之成人在未來時間觀整體及其分向度上有部分差異。 （1）成人早期（20-30歲）與高齡者（60歲以上）在「未來時間觀點」沒有顯著差異，高齡者在「未來目標價值」與「對未來的準備與行動」上則顯著高於20-30歲之成人。 （2）年長、高教育水準、已婚且有宗教信仰者，有較佳的未來時間觀。 4.不同背景變項之成人在特質寬恕整體及其分向度上有部分差異。 （1）男性在「寬恕命運」上之得分顯著高於女性。 （2）男性、年長、高教育水準、已婚且有宗教信仰者，有較高的寬恕傾向。 5.探討不同類型反芻思考與未來時間觀、特質寬恕之關係，研究發現：情緒焦點與評價焦點此兩種類型反芻思考，與未來時間觀、特質寬恕呈負相關；而意義焦點反芻與未來時間觀、特質寬恕呈正相關。 6.未來時間觀在反芻思考與特質寬恕間扮演中介角色，亦即，未來時間觀在情緒焦點反芻思考、評價焦點反芻思考與未來時間觀、特質寬恕之間有部分中介效果，在意義焦點反芻思考與未來時間觀、特質寬恕之間有完全中介效果。 本研究根據上述研究發現，分別對寬恕教育、諮商輔導提出建議，以作為教育工作者及後續研究之參考。 / Forgiveness is a kind of cross-cultural universal virtue of human, positive psychological strength, and authentic wisdom of life. Forgiveness has become an important topic of psychological researches in last decades, due to the benefits of interpersonal harmony, well-being, physical and mental health. The study aimed to investigate the current condition of the adults in Taiwan of their rumination, future time perspective, and dispositional forgiveness, and furthermore addressed the relationships among these variables. The present study adopted the questionnaire investigation, comprising “Multidimensional Focused Rumination Scale”, “Attitude toward Future Time Scale”, and “Dispositional Forgiveness Scale” was conducted. Participants were 1,413 adults aged 20 and over in Taiwan. The effective data based on the questionnaire were then analyzed by using the descriptive statistics, MANOVA, discriminant analysis, structural equation modeling and bootstrapping. The findings were summarized as follows: 1.The present condition of Taiwan aged 20 and over adults’ rumination, future time perspective, and dispositional forgiveness was generally fine. 2.In terms of rumination, gender and age had a significant difference in overall rumination and its dimensions. I.The female participants had higher “emotion-focused rumination” and “meaning-focused rumination” scores than the male participants. II.The elder participants reported less ruminative thinking than other age groups. 3.In terms of future time perspective, age, educational level, marital status and religion had a significant difference in overall future time perspective and its dimensions, while gender had no significant difference. I.There is no difference between younger and elder participants on “the perception of future time”, however, the elder participants reported higher “the valence of future goal” and “preparation and action for the future” than younger participants. II.The elder, high educated, married and religious believer, had better future time perspective. 4.In terms of dispositional forgiveness, gender, age, educational level, marital status and religion had a significant difference in overall dispositional forgiveness and its dimensions. I.The male participants had higher “forgiveness of fate” scores than the female participants. II.The male, elder, high educated, married and religious believer had a strong tendency to forgive. 5.In terms of different kind of rumination relate to future time perspective and dispositional forgiveness: Emotion-focused rumination and evaluation-focused rumination were negatively related to future time perspective and dispositional forgiveness, while meaning-focused rumination was positively related to future time perspective and dispositional forgiveness. 6.Future time perspective mediated the relationship between the rumination and the forgiveness. Furthermore, future time perspective partly mediated the relationship between the emotion-focused rumination and the dispositional forgiveness, partly mediated the relationship between the evaluation-focused rumination and the dispositional forgiveness, and completely mediated the relationship between the meaning-focused rumination and the dispositional forgiveness. According to the above findings, this study proposes suggestions for forgiveness education, counseling and guidance, and future studies.

Le présent travail développe une approche sociocognitive de la Perspective Temporelle Future (PTF), tel que ce construit est mesuré par l’échelle ZTPI (Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999). L’objectif de cette thèse est d’analyser la normativité de ce construit et d’explorer les dimensions liées à l’expérience du temps psychologique futur. Une démarche de triangulation a été menée dans une double perspective : produire une analyse multi-niveaux de la normativité associée à la PTF et développer une réflexion théorico-méthodologique concernant la mesure de ce construit. Une première série d’études expérimentales mobilisant l’approche sociocognitive des normes sociales (Dubois, 2003) démontre une valorisation importante de la PTF dans des contextes évaluatifs. Une seconde série d’études utilisant une méthodologie mixte (paradigmes des juges et construits socio-représentationnels) analyse les dynamiques normatives de la PTF dans des situations socialement marquées (i.e. contexte de santé). Enfin, une recherche socio-représentationnelle par entretien étudie l’expérience du temps psychologique futur en tant que forme d’expérience sociale (Jodelet, 2006). En envisageant la PTF sous différentes perspectives sociocognitives, ces travaux apportent une contribution au domaine de recherche du rapport au temps (mesure de la PTF et fonctionnements idéologiques). D’autre part, ce travail pose les bases d’une approche sociocognitive de la PTF en tant que norme sociale. / The present work develops a sociocognitive approach of Future Time Perspective (FTP), as this construct is measured by the ZTPI scale (Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999). The aim of this thesis is the analysis of this construct’s normativity and the exploration of the dimensions related to future psychological time experience. A triangulation approach has been conducted in a double perspective: its aim is to produce a multi-level analysis of normativity associated to FTP as well as to develop a theoretical and methodological thought on this construct’s measurement. A first series of experimental studies using the sociocognitive approach to social norms (Dubois, 2003) reveals an important value of FTP in evaluative contexts. A second series of studies using mixt methodology (judge paradigms and socio-representational constructs) analyses FTP’s normative dynamics in socially relevant situations (i.e. health context). Finally, a socio-representational research with interviews focuses on future psychological time experience as a form of social experience (Jodelet, 2006). Considering FTP under several sociocognitive perspectives, this thesis contributes towards the research field on relation to time (FTP measurement and ideological logics). This work lays also the foundation of a sociocognitive approach of FTP as a social norm.

The main topic of Master thesis with the title Private Archives - The Traces of Past in Our Present, is creation of private archives and how reading and work of French philosopher Gilles Deleuze support understanding of those archives and establishment of intimate history of human being. Private archives are represented by any object, collections of objects or by anything else what reminds to owner or author of archives his past and who is returning back to the past through this object. Private archives are present in life of human being and we are coming back to the archives whenever we consider it important and whenever we want. Private archives are the part of life of all of us and that is why I consider crucial to understand their functioning, their role in our life and to know how to use them. The private archives, unlike our memories, which can be mixed one into each other, represent concrete tool referring to our past. The master thesis includes the description of practical part which is represented by creation of private archive, the functioning and the characteristics are also described. Three philosophers who influenced Gilles Deleuze have their place in this master thesis as well. I am referring to Michel Foucault, Henri Bergson and Marcel Proust.

This diploma thesis with the future through the eyes of senior high school students, especially with its contents and time location of these contents. The theoretical part presents the most famous time perspective theories and the relationship between adolescents and their future. The emhasis is on introducing czech and also foreign research on a similar topic. The empirical part has four goals: find out which future contents senior high school students are dealing with, 2. where these contents are located in time, 3. how important are the contents and 4. what is the relationship between the future contents and student's past and present. They were done semi-structured interviews within the first and the second goal, then these interviews were coded and interpreted by using elements of grounded theory. To answer the other two goals students filled out questionnaire Ten most important life events by Cottle. The discussion part presents results of the research and comparison with the results of other research. The most senior high school students deal (in the context of the future) with university study, profession, travelling, independence and making their own family. Key words: time perspective, future time perspective, future orientation, late adolescence, senior high school students

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:38:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RaquelFD_DISSERT.pdf: 1009216 bytes, checksum: f857701876f550ec34f702bc663e127e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The pro-ecological commitment (CPE) constitutes an important topic within Person- Environment Studies, here seen as a predisposition to practices that result in environmental protection. Under the framework of sustainability, the concept of sustainable behavior emerges, covering, in addition to CPE, new psychological dimensions such as: the future time perspective (PTF) and the ecological worldviews (VEM). The current study intended to explore the concept of sustainable behavior of university students, by means of the association among some of its dimensions: CPE, PTF and VEM. For this purpose, 380 undergraduate students of biology, ecology, nursing, geography, and social service answered a form containing: socio-demographic questionnaire, a question on self-assessment of environmental care, the Scale of Ecocentric and Anthropocentric Environmentalisms, the Scale Consideration of Future Consequences, and the Scale Ecological Worldviews. Based on descriptive and correlational procedures, it was found that 78% of the participants practice or have practiced environmental care (caregivers) and the spread of information has been the practice more frequently reported, and the source of influence for such practices were the school, social networks, and the contact with nature It was also observed the association between practice of environmental care and ecocentric environmentalism, consideration of future consequences and egalitarian worldview (worldview of fragile nature). The lack of environmental care was associated with anthropocentric environmentalism, apathy, and individualistic worldview (worldview of passivity). As expected, and suggested by the literature, positive association were found between the sustainable behavior dimensions investigated in this study and the practice of environmental care / O compromisso pr?-ecol?gico (CPE) se constitui como t?pico importante no ?mbito dos estudos pessoa-ambiente, sendo entendido como uma postura frente ?s quest?es ambientais que predisp?e pr?ticas que resultam na prote??o do meio ambiente. Sob o referencial da sustentabilidade, emerge a no??o de conduta sustent?vel que, al?m do CPE, abarca novas dimens?es psicol?gicas, entre elas: a perspectiva temporal de futuro (PTF) e as vis?es ecol?gicas de mundo (VEM). O presente estudo teve como objetivo geral explorar, com estudantes universit?rios, a no??o de conduta sustent?vel, por meio da associa??o entre algumas dimens?es que a comp?em: CPE, PTF e VEM. Para tanto, 380 alunos dos cursos de biologia, ecologia, enfermagem, geografia e servi?o social responderam a um formul?rio contendo: question?rio sociodemogr?fico, uma quest?o sobre auto-avalia??o da pr?tica de cuidado ambiental, a Escala de Ambientalismos Ecoc?ntrico e Antropoc?ntrico, a Escala de Considera??o de Consequ?ncias Futuras, e a Escala de Vis?es Ecol?gicas de Mundo. A partir das inter-rela??es entre vari?veis, feitas por via de procedimentos descritivos e correlacionais, observou-se que 78% dos participantes pratica ou j? praticou cuidado ambiental (cuidadores), tendo sido a propaga??o de informa??o a pr?tica mais frequentemente relatada, e a escola, o contato com a natureza e a rede social as influ?ncias recebidas para estas pr?ticas. Observou-se, tamb?m, a associa??o da pr?tica de cuidado ambiental com o ambientalismo ecoc?ntrico, a considera??o de consequ?ncias futuras e a vis?o de mundo igualit?ria (vis?o de natureza fr?gil). A aus?ncia de cuidado ambiental esteve associada com o ambientalismo antropoc?ntrico e a apatia, e com a vis?o ecol?gica de mundo individualista (vis?o passiva). Tal como esperado e sugerido na literatura, foi constatada a exist?ncia de associa??es positivas entre as dimens?es da conduta sustent?vel investigadas neste estudo e a pr?tica de cuidado ambiental

This disertation thesis thematize the relationship to the future in high school students' and the diagnostic possibilities of this phenomena. We will describe the philosophical and primarily the psychological conception of time. The thesis focuses on the main theoretical concepts of time perspective, the cognitive-motivational theories and their relationship with achievement motivation. The empirical part has three goals: 1. The diagnostic of time perspective, 2. The description of students'relationship to the future, 3. The investigation of relationship between time perspective and achievement motivation. The analysis of the coding system of the Motivational Induction Method lead to improving this system. There was a battery of tests (quantitative and mixed methodology) used to diagnose the time perspective of students', namely Motivational Induction Method (Nuttin), Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (Zimbardo), Achievement Motivation Questionaire (Hrabal, Pavelková) and Motivational Sources of Learning Activities (Pavelková, Hrabal). The case studies that can show positives and/or negatives of used methods and individual ways of representing the future are presented in the end of the thesis. Key words: time perspective, future time perspective, perspective orientation, achievement motivation,...

在全球化的背景下，企業間的競爭變得愈加劇烈，需要員工提供寶貴的意見想法，方能幫助組織成長與發展，因此瞭解員工說與不說的背後原因，便顯得更加重要。本研究以社會情緒選擇理論（socioemotional selectivity theory, SST）理論為基礎，並以兩種未來時間觀：開放式未來時間觀（open-ended future time perspective）與限制式未來時間觀（limited future time perspective）分類方式進行探討，期望進一步瞭解其對兩種員工意見表達行為：建言行為（voice behavior）與沉默行為（silence behavior）的影響效果，以及兩種調節焦點：促進性焦點（promotion focus）、預防性焦點（prevention focus）在其中所扮演的中介角色。同時，本研究探討知覺心理安全氛圍（perceived psychological safety climate）對未來時間觀與意見表達行為間關係的調節效果。本研究採問卷調查法施測，共蒐集249對員工-同事對偶樣本。研究結果顯示：（一）開放式未來時間觀與促進性建言呈顯著正相關；開放式未來時間觀與抑制性建言未具有顯著相關；限制式未來時間觀與沉默行為呈顯著正相關；（二）調節焦點並未中介未來時間觀與意見表達行為間之關係；（三）知覺心理安全氛圍並未調節未來時間觀與意見表達行為間關係。最後，針對研究結果，進一步討論理論與實務意涵、研究限制與未來研究方向。 / This study is based on the socioemotional selectivity theory (SST), and has three objectives: First, to assess the effect of future time perspective (open-ended / limited) on opinion expression behavior (voice / silence). Second, to test the mediating role of regulatory focus (promotion / prevention) in the relationship between the future time perspective and the opinion expression behavior. Third, to examine the moderating role of perceived psychological safety climate on the relationship of future time perspective and opinion expression behavior. The results collected of 249 valid dyad (employee-colleague) pair showed that (1) open-ended future time perspective was positively related to promotive voice behavior, but not to prohibitive voice behavior; limited future time perspective was positively related to silence behavior. (2) regulatory focus did not mediate the relationship between future time perspective and opinion expression behavior. (3) no support was found for the expected moderating role of perceived psychological safety climate in the future time perspective—opinion expression behavior relationship. Finally, the study’s implications for theory and practice are discussed, its limitations are identified, and directions for future research are suggested.