This work considers the theoretical, epistemological and methodological criteria for a hermeneutic phenomenological approach to the study of spiritual experience founded within a qualitative paradigm. Spirituality is noted to be of increasing significance in society and as a developing discipline within the academy and spiritual experience is offered as an opening to greater understanding and appreciation of an individual's understandings of their spirituality. The methodology provides an interpretative approach towards an opportunity for resonance, identification and empathy between individual and reader through richly descriptive narratives offering insights into such experiences and developing themes and threads of particular interest prior to seeking universal and semi universal traits between or amongst narratives. Practical methods for applying the methodology are considered, including ethical and researcher reflexive issues. The assessment of the methodology includes its application to a case study, located within contemporary Christianity in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St Andrews and Edinburgh, Scotland, which due to limitations of space focuses particularly on the notion of the Gift and assists in the determination of the efficacy and validity of hermeneutic phenomenology in the study of spiritual experience.

La thèse s’intéresse au travail de conduite d’une industrie de process à risques,les centrales nucléaires, et aux marges de manoeuvre dont disposent les équipes dans l’application des procédures techniques. Celles-ci doivent en effet être adaptées aux situations rencontrées dans la réalité, qui sont toujours nouvelles et finalement uniques. En effet, la technologie concernée est si complexe que les situations ambiguës sont fréquentes. Les exploitants sont souvent confrontés à des décisions techniques qui cristallisent en elles la pluralité d’exigences auxquelles sont soumises les industries à risques : sûreté nucléaire, disponibilité et productivité, sécurité des travailleurs, respect de l’environnement, etc.Exploiter une centrale nucléaire implique donc d’arbitrer entre des exigences qui devraient en théorie être conciliables mais qui ne le sont pas en pratique, ou difficilement. En effet, chaque terme de la décision concrète comporte des avantages vis-à-vis de l’un des critères et des inconvénients vis-à-vis des autres critères en présence. Ainsi, décider revient toujours à renoncer, et la décision technique dans les organisations à risques implique une prise de risque professionnelle et personnelle pour les acteurs de terrain. La thèse s’interroge alors sur les facteurs qui participent de l’engagement des opérationnels dans l’action. Les théories utilitaristes et culturalistes ne parvenant pas à épuiser toute la complexité des cas rencontrés (implication d’agents pourtant peu carriéristes, disparités individuelles fortes au sein de groupes socio-professionnels supposés homogènes. . .), la recherche s’intéresse aux théories de la reconnaissance sociale et du don/contre-don comme explication première de la motivation et de la coopération au travail. / This doctoral dissertation describes the running of a high-risk process industry,nuclear power plants, and the operators’ autonomy to apply technical procedures.The chosen procedures must fit the "real-life" situations, which are always new, andultimately unique. Nuclear power technology is so complex that ambiguous situations often arise. The operators have to make technical decisions that encompassall the demanding issues of high-risk industries : nuclear safety, plant availabilityand generation output, workers’ safety, environmental protection, etc.Operating a nuclear power plant thus involves trade-offs between theoretically compatible concerns that in practice are incompatible or difficult to reconcile.Each option in the actual decision will have advantages for certain criteria anddisadvantages for others. Deciding thus always means forgoing something, andtechnical decision-making in high-risk organizations forces the field workers totake professional and personal risks. The dissertation thus examines the factors explaining why operators are still interested in getting involved in the action.Self-interest and cultural theories cannot explain all the cases encountered in thefield (workers with high commitment but paradoxically little interest in career advancement, strong differences between individuals in a supposedly homogenoussocio-professional groups, etc.). The research focuses on social recognition andgift/countergift theories as the primary explanation for motivation and cooperation at work.

The shifting topography of contemporary Japanese society is engendering a significant reorientation of men’s family relations. However, exactly how Japanese men are adapting to these broad-based trends, including parent-child relations, demographics, marriage norms, care provision, residential choices, and gender roles, as well as in the decline of Confucian worldviews, remains relatively obscure. In this dissertation, I explore men’s everyday practices underpinning their family relations as husbands, fathers, sons-in-law, and grandfathers. I conducted ethnographic fieldwork in the summers of 2013 and 2014 in Hyogo, through narrative interviews and participant-observation. I find husbands’ view of their wives transitioning from having a culturally prescribed duty to perform domestic matters to simply having responsibility for domestic matters. This opens up space for negotiation within married couples, with my informants providing what I refer to as additional help, which offers new insight into charting the evolution of hegemonic masculinity. I evidence relatedness founded on exchange as an approach to understand relations across the extended family, which importantly involves additional help, financial resources, and intimacy. I underscore how men selectively seek intimacy in some family relations, notably as fathers and grandfathers. Provision of additional help and seeking of intimacy lead to men’s (re)construction of masculinities differing across family relations, with an important reason for men to select their practices so as to craft their family relations is to address their sense of well-being. Further, the pattern of men’s family relations reveals the emergence of substantially novel sons-in-law relations, as compared to that found in ie patriarchal norms. This evidence suggests a fundamental shift from a vertically-dominated set of family relations, as in the ie household, to a more horizontal, fluid set of relations across the extended family.

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Youth Centres such as Faure Youth Centre provide a challenge to questions such as violence and crime. This qualitative research journey started at Faure Youth Centre using narrative pastoral care and counselling and participatory action research to assist the young people there to find alternative ways of standing against violence and crime. Changing circumstances at Faure however, paved the way for the research to follow another direction. This resulted in different voices to emerge and for my family to receive an unexpected `gift' in the process. The `gift' that my pastoral care and counselling at Faure gave to my family initiated a process of change in us and transformed it into a spiralling journey of challenging patriarchal practices and finding alternative ways of living. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M.Th. (Practical Theology)

This thesis is about the property tax in the municipal authorities. A lot of states in OECD has revenues divided into tax revenues, financial transfers and borrowing. The property tax is the one of the tax revenues. The realty tax, death duty, gift tax, real estate-transfer tax and vehicle excise duty are the property taxes in Czech Republic. The realty tax is the most important tax of all property taxes. This tax creates the biggest part of property taxes in all states of OECD. In some states, for example in Czech Republic, Ireland or Netherlands, the realty{\crq}s tax share in property taxes is 100%. But the part of property taxes in whole tax revenue is very small. The property tax is very important incomes for territorial budget in the Czech Republic. It is once tax revenue, which floats to the territorial budget.

The introduction of user fees and surcharges for medicinal products and foods for special medical purposes is considered to be one of the steps preceding the implementation of health policy reform. As of 1 January 2008, four basic fees were introduced in the Czech healthcare system with the objective of reducing unnecessary demand and misuse of health care. The objective of my Diploma Thesis was to map and evaluate the effects of the introduction of user fees on patients{\crq} number of visits to outpatient specialists. Three main objectives were formulated during my work on this thesis. The first objective was to provide a coherent overview of the issues related to the introduction and use of fees introduced on 1 January 2008 for outpatient specialists. The second objective was to compare patients{\crq} rate of visits to outpatient specialists with the year 2007. The third objective was to evaluate whether the patients{\crq} number of visits to outpatient specialists decreased in relation to age, gender, care provided, and kind of disease. Subsequently, four hypotheses were formulated. Hypothesis 1: The patients{\crq}rate of visits to outpatient specialists decreased compared to the year 2007 as a result of the introduction of user fees. Hypothesis 2: Compared to the year 2007, the introduction of user fees resulted in no considerable decrease in the rate of visits for patients with chronic diseases. Hypothesis 3: The impact of user fees on the rate of visits to outpatient specialists will be comparable for both genders. Hypothesis 4: The introduction of user fees will not result in a prolongation of the interval between the respective visits of patients to outpatient specialists. Quantitative research and method of questioning were used to achieve the goals and verify the hypotheses. The questionnaire technique was used for data collection. The research survey group for the questionnaire comprised physicians with outpatient specialties practicing in South Bohemia, Hradec Králové, Liberec,and Plzeň Regions, Capital City of Prague, Central Bohemia, Ústí and Zlín regions. The final research group comprised 79 specialist physicians with specialties as follows: allergology and clinical immunology, anesthesiology, dermatovenerology, gynecology, surgery, internal medicine, pneumology, ophthalmology, ENT, oncology, orthopedics, neurology, psychiatry, rehabilitation, and urology. The Diploma Thesis met its main objectives, as well as its partial objectives. The second, third, and fourth hypotheses were confirmed. The first hypothesis was not verified successfully in this research. The results of my research suggest that user fees had an impact on patients{\crq} rate of visits to outpatient specialists and can be used for publication in professional journals.

Submitted by Elesbão Santiago Neto (neto10uepb@cche.uepb.edu.br) on 2018-07-16T14:25:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Danilo Rodrigues Reis Junior.pdf: 69284247 bytes, checksum: 45cf302a8bb51b539f5dbe962ae9f10c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-16T14:25:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Danilo Rodrigues Reis Junior.pdf: 69284247 bytes, checksum: 45cf302a8bb51b539f5dbe962ae9f10c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-22 / CAPES / After the end of the Second World War, the custom of handing out foreign assistance to the underdeveloped countries emerged in the framework of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. This proceeding had the alleged objective of developing these fragile countries economically and socially. Throughout the years, due to the criticism in regard of the traditional proceedings of International Development Co-operation, the Global South nations built a perception of common identity, grounded on the idea of rivalry in relation to the developed North countries. Among the South nations, Brazil has built, since the late 1970s, its role as an international donor, with projects established, mainly, in association with Latin American and African countries. Regarding the later ones, there have been frequent educational projects involving the Portuguese-speaking African countries and, most recently, East Timor. In view of this background, this qualitative, bibliographic and documental research, employing the gift paradigm developed by Marcel Mauss, holds the hypothesis that the Brazilian official discourse about Brazil as an international donor, which is commonly explained in terms of principles of solidarity and historical affinities, does not embody the diversity of explanations that mold the international co-operation process. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the reasons, the context and the implementation process of the Educational Cooperation granted by Brazil to East Timor. Thus, this dissertation discusses the understanding that the Brazilian collaboration in regards to the South-South Cooperation would be based on a horizontal process and not on a replication of the traditional North-South asymmetric framework. We conclude that Brazilian foreign policy has political, strategic and economic interests in its co-operative efforts with East Timor, based on the fact that this country has a moral debt with Brazil, which needs to be compensated. / Com o fim da Segunda Guerra Mundial, institucionalizou-se, no âmbito da Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico, a prática de conceder assistência externa aos Estados em desenvolvimento com o pretenso objetivo de auxiliar o desenvolvimento econômico e social dessas nações. Ao longo dos anos, as críticas formuladas aos procedimentos tradicionais de Cooperação Internacional para o Desenvolvimento engendrariam a percepção de uma identidade comum, construída pelos países do Sul Global, baseada em uma oposição às nações desenvolvidas do Norte. No âmbito do Sul, o Brasil tem construído, desde o final da década de 1970, o seu papel de doador internacional, em especial, com projetos realizados em parceria com países latino-americanos e africanos. No que se refere a esses últimos, destaca-se a tradicional colaboração encetada na área educacional com os Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa e, mais recentemente, com Timor-Leste. Tendo em vista esse quadro, defende-se, por meio desta pesquisa qualitativa, bibliográfica e documental - sob a abordagem analítica do paradigma do dom -, a hipótese de que o discurso oficial brasileiro em relação à atuação do país como doador no âmbito externo, baseado em princípios de solidariedade e de similaridades históricas e culturais, não incorpora a pluralidade das justificativas que impelem o processo cooperativo internacional. Nesse sentido, a presente dissertação objetiva analisar o papel do Brasil enquanto doador internacional, suas motivações, o contexto no qual são executados os projetos e o processo de implementação da Cooperação Educacional entre Brasil e Timor-Leste. Debate-se, assim, o entendimento segundo o qual a colaboração brasileira no âmbito da Cooperação Sul-Sul estaria baseada em um processo horizontal, em detrimento de uma reprodução de aspectos tradicionais da Cooperação Internacional para o Desenvolvimento, executada nos moldes verticalizados de uma dinâmica Norte-Sul. Conclui-se que a política externa brasileira possui interesses políticos, estratégicos e econômicos em relação aos esforços cooperativos empreendidos com o Timor-Leste, haja vista, em linhas gerais, a dívida moral contraída por esse último e a consequente obrigação de retribuir a cooperação ofertada pelo Brasil.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Este trabalho de carÃter etnogrÃfico propÃe analisar o fenÃmeno religioso de Juazeiro do Norte sob trÃs eixos: os tipos de pagadores de promessas, os tipos de promessas e o pano de fundo desse cenÃrio que à a dor e a alegria contida na travessia do pedir a graÃa, alcanÃar a graÃa e a retribuiÃÃo desta graÃa. Os resultados dessa pesquisa de campo sÃo discutidos a partir do conceito de dÃdiva, tal como empregado por Mauss, mas tambÃm faz um dialogo com Max Weber objetivando a construÃÃo de tipos ideais acerca de romeiros, pagadores de promessas e seus pedidos. Por fim, esse trabalho nÃo tem a proposta de levantar hipÃteses, pois à uma pesquisa de carÃter etnogrÃfico que se propÃe pensar o feixe de linhas que atravessam os pagadores de promessas. / This ethnographic work intends to analyze the religious phenomena of Juazeiro do Norte under three propositions: the social types of the promise payers, the kinds of their promises and the background of this scenario, made of a moisture of pain and joy, the both integrant parts of the crossings in asking of grace, the grace achievement and the graceâs retribution. The results of this field research are put on discussion depart from the concept of gift, just like employed by Marcel Mauss, and also with a dialogue with Max Weber, wanting the construction of ideal types of pilgrims, promise payers and their various requests. In resume, this work have no intention to rise deep rooted hypothesis, because is an ethnographical research that suggest to think about the bundle of lines of intensity that crosses these social actors.

La thèse s’intéresse au duo amical entre hommes en France aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles. Le corpus, aux sources très diverses, écarte à la fois les femmes, les clercs et les intellectuels. Il s’agit d’étudier la réception des idées philosophiques, le regard porté sur la norme et la pratique de l’amitié. Après avoir retracé l’apport antique, patristique et médiéval, le cadre social est défini, notamment en ce qui concerne la place de la famille. Puis, les dictionnaires offrent un bon aperçu des différentes connotations des termes « amitié » et « ami ». Enfin, le travail s’attache à suivre le cours d’une amitié, de sa genèse à sa mort. L’importance du choix de l’ami et sa vertu transcendent le discours des XVIe et XVIIe siècles. Les gestes de l’amitié sont recherchés et presque codés. La peur de l’abandon ou de la trahison est très présente. On s’interroge beaucoup sur la possibilité, voire l’obligation, de la transgression des règles sociales. Les contemporains recherchent un équilibre, toujours difficile à obtenir et à garder. Concorde et Charité sont les deux notions non pas tant concurrentes que connexes à l’amitié. L’amitié-duo se vit en effet dans une société où l’amitié est omniprésente. Enfin, la mort ne scelle pas, en théorie, la fin d’une amitié. Le second tome de ce travail présente la méthodologie suivie pour l’élaboration du corpus ainsi que les raisons de la mise à l’écart des femmes. Les sources et la bibliographie sont également présentées dans ce dernier volume. / The purpose of this dissertation is to study the influences of the norm on the representations of friendship and its practice in France during the 16th and the 17th centuries. The corpus draws aside both intellectuals and women to focus on the non-enclosed people. How two individuals are able to make friends with each other in the 16th and 17th centuries within a society itself thought in terms of friendship? This dissertation divides in two volumes. The first one is devoted to the study itself. The philosophical inheritance is presented, along with considerations on bonds linking the friend, the society, the couple and the family during the Modern Times. Questions of linguistics are also raised. The evolution of a friendship between two men is followed step by step from birth to death, as if it were a genuine living organism. Gestures and tokens of friendship are the bases of friendship. The latter is always endangered by the fragile balance between the social demands and the requirements of friendship. In the second volume are presented the methodology used to gather the documentary corpus, as well as our historical sources and bibliography. Reasons why women were excluded from our research work make the core of a specific chapter.