Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-01-10T11:31:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruno Paiva Gouveia.pdf: 1241231 bytes, checksum: adae7583265cee12166cf1d394dab2f2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-10T11:31:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruno Paiva Gouveia.pdf: 1241231 bytes, checksum: adae7583265cee12166cf1d394dab2f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-14 / An evolution of procedural law was necessary to adapt to the new needs of the contemporary world in order to ensure the effective protection of interests that go beyond the limits of interindividual relations. In the Brazilian scenario, showing concern about the increasing mass conflicts, the importance of collective tutelage was verified and a collective process microsystem was created, contributing in a significant way to the consecration of Brazilian collective procedural law. There are three essential characteristics of collective actions: the defense of collective rights (lato sensu); A system of differentiated legitimacy; And a special scheme of res judicata. The New Code of Civil Procedure (NCPC) has chosen to increase the techniques of multi-individual tutelage over collective guardianship. The legislator's option was to develop techniques for collective resolution of repetitive demands, through judgments made in the so-called sample judgments, perfecting the discipline of the already existing special and extraordinary repetitive resources and creating the incident of resolution of repetitive demands. These mechanisms for judging repetitive demands are criticized for showing greater concern about reducing the number of cases, regardless of the quality of judicial decisions and ensuring access to justice, which can pose serious risks to the civil procedural system Brazilian / Foi necessária uma evolução do direito processual para adaptar-se às novas necessidades do mundo contemporâneo, a fim de assegurar a tutela efetiva de interesses que extrapolam os limites das relações interindividuais. No cenário brasileiro, demonstrando preocupação com os crescentes conflitos de massa, verificou-se a importância da tutela coletiva e criou-se um microssistema processual coletivo, contribuindo de forma significativa para a consagração do direito processual coletivo brasileiro. São três as características essências das ações coletivas: a defesa de direito coletivo (lato sensu); um sistema de legitimidade diferenciado; e um regime especial da coisa julgada. O Novo Código de Processo Civil (NCPC) optou pelo incremento das técnicas de tutela pluri-individual em detrimento das de tutela coletiva. A opção do legislador foi de desenvolver técnicas de resolução coletiva de demandas repetitivas, por meio de decisões proferidas nos denominados julgamentos por amostragem, aperfeiçoando a disciplina dos já existentes recursos especial e extraordinário repetitivos e criando o incidente de resolução de demandas repetitivas. Esses mecanismos de julgamento de demandas repetitivas, são alvo de críticas por demonstrarem maior preocupação com a redução do número de processos, independentemente da qualidade das decisões judiciais e da efetivação da garantia de acesso à justiça, o que pode trazer graves riscos ao sistema processual civil brasileiro

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-10-06T12:48:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcos Noboru Hashimoto.pdf: 1085836 bytes, checksum: ab77e83a10588038c3bae1414521b59f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-06T12:48:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcos Noboru Hashimoto.pdf: 1085836 bytes, checksum: ab77e83a10588038c3bae1414521b59f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-20 / With the advent of the new Code of Civil Procedure (Law 13.105, March 16, 2015), the theme / Book of "Provisional Tutorship" proved to be worthy of the most in-depth debate by scholars of civil procedural law, (CPC / 73, articles 796-889) and the "Anticipation of Tutorship" (CPC / 73, article 273), of the revoked Code of Civil Procedure (Law No. 5,869, dated January 11, 1973), bringing a new panorama to the matter. At the same time, the legislator of the new Statute of Procedure was concerned with expressly providing for the provision of provisional custody measures in the area of family actions (CPC / 2015, art. 695), which were placed in the context of special Jurisdiction; Without prejudice to the specific legal procedures applicable to the matter of Family Law, and their emergency measures. In view of this, we envisioned the debate about the applicability of the mechanism of provisional guardianships, in their species, assumptions and objectives, to family demands; In particular, considering the inherent peculiarities of the latter, in order to verify if the new norms will bring greater effectiveness to the solution of emergency situations. Whether it is possible to systematize the question or whether the solution will be subsumed by the judge's appropriateness of the courts, and under what criteria, given the highly subjective aspect of choice, the polycentric and multifaceted nature of family conflicts / Com o advento do novo Código de Processo Civil (Lei n. 13.105, de 16 de março de 2015), o tema/Livro da “Tutela Provisória” se mostrou como merecedor dos mais aprofundados debates pelos estudiosos do direito processual civil, notadamente porque substituiu as disposições que previam a existência do denominado “Processo Cautelar” (CPC/73, arts. 796-889) e do instituto da “Antecipação de Tutela” (CPC/73, art. 273), do revogado Código de Processo Civil (Lei n. 5.869, de 11 de janeiro de 1973), trazendo novo panorama à matéria. Ao mesmo tempo, preocupou-se o legislador do novel Estatuto Processual, em prever expressamente o cabimento das medidas de Tutela Provisória na seara das ações de família (CPC/2015, art. 695), estas últimas, posicionadas no contexto dos procedimentos especiais de jurisdição contenciosa; sem prejuízo, ainda, dos procedimentos legais específicos aplicáveis à matéria do Direito de Família, e respectivas medidas de urgência. Diante disto, imaginou-se o debate acerca da aplicabilidade do mecanismo das tutelas provisórias, em suas espécies, pressupostos e objetivos, às demandas familiares; em especial, em se considerando as peculiaridades inerentes a estas últimas, a fim de que se verifique se as novas normas trarão maior efetividade à solução de situações emergenciais. A indagar, ainda, se é possível uma sistematização a respeito, ou se a solução se subsumirá a uma adequação das tutelas pelo juiz e sob quais critérios - diante do aspecto altamente subjetivo da escolha, haja vista o caráter policêntrico e multifacetado dos conflitos familiares

As redes de proteção à criança e ao adolescente constituem uma política pública recente no contexto nacional. O Conselho Tutelar é uma instituição que aciona o funcionamento das redes, sob a égide jurídica do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA). Nesse campo problemático e complexo, quais os significados e representações da função social do Conselho Tutelar construídas pelos seus atores principais? Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar o funcionamento dessa instituição, a partir das práticas discursivas de seus agentes. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, referenciado na Teoria das Representações Sociais, segundo Moscovici e Jodelet. A coleta de dados ocorreu em cinco sessões de grupo focal, análise de documentos, prontuários e observação participante da rotina institucional, num Conselho Tutelar que atua num município de pequeno porte (85 mil habitantes) no interior do país. Os dados foram analisados através da técnica denominada Análise de Conteúdo, que consiste na identificação dos temas recorrentes e emergentes, seja nas regularidades ou singularidades discursivas. As unidades de significado foram organizadas em categorias temáticas que explicitaram os aspectos cognitivos, afetivos e políticos do dispositivo grupal. Enquanto resultados, afirma-se que os discursos indicam posicionamentos defensivos, ambivalentes e paradoxais no que tange ao trabalho do Conselho Tutelar e a Doutrina de Proteção Integral. Os enunciados trazem à tona incompatibilidades entre a esfera pública e a esfera privada. As condições institucionais, concretas e subjetivas, contribuem efetivamente para o sofrimento psíquico dos conselheiros tutelares, com destaque para a impotência e regressão psicofamiliar frente às pressões da sociedade. As representações sociais, objetivadas na prática desses agentes públicos, desvelam que o dispositivo acabou tomando a forma do mal social que visa a combater. Conclui-se, enquanto tese, que o Conselho Tutelar, tal como está estruturado no país, funciona como um dispositivo ideológico e propagandístico, sendo pouco capaz de atender aos anseios sociais por promoção de direitos, inclusão e cidadania. Frente ao julgamento ético e moral, as vítimas tendem a ser culpabilizadas, incorrendo na amenização ou negação dos danos, justificando a violência para fins idealistas na educação exemplar. Diante da condição paradoxal, constatou-se um processo de estereotipia, discriminação e demonização da clientela. / The child and adolescent protection network is a recent public politics in the national context. The Guardianship Council is an institution that actuates the networks functioning, under the legal aegis of the Child and Adolescent Statute (CAS). In this complex field, what are the meanings and representations of the function of the Guardianship Council constituted by its main actors? This study aimed to analyze the functioning of this institution, from its agents discursive practices. Its a qualitative study, having as reference the Theory of the Social Representations, according to Moscovici and Jodelet. The data collection occurred in five sessions of focal group, analysis of documents, records and participating observation of the institutional routine, at a Guardianship Council that acts in a small city (85 thousand inhabitants) in the countrys interior. The data were analyzed through the Content Analyzed, which consists in identifying the recurrent and emerging themes, on the discursive regularity or uniqueness. The meaning units were organized into thematic categories that show the cognitive, affective and political aspects of the group device. While results, its affirmed that the speeches indicated defensive, ambivalent and paradox positions regarding the Guardianship Councils work and the Integral Protective Doctrine, findings revealed an incompatibilities between the public and private spheres. The institutional conditions, concrete and subjective, contribute to the psychic suffering of the guardianship counselors, highlighting the psych familiar impotence and regression. The social representations, objectified at these public agent practices, unveiling that the device, ended taking the shape of the social ill that aims to combat. Its concluded, as thesis, that the Guardianship Council, as it is organized in Brazil, works as an ideological and propagandistic device, it is incapable to attend the social expectations by rights, social inclusion and citizenship. In view of the ethical and moral judgment, the victims tend to be blamed, incurring mitigation or denial of the damage, justifying the violence to idealistic ends at the exemplary education. Concluding, it has been found a process of stereotyping, discrimination and demonizing of the communities.

No description available.

Affirmer la nécessité de reconstruire l'État gabonais par la décentralisation, c'est reconnaître implicitement que l'État construit par le jacobinisme autoritaire, totalitaire et centralisateur a atteint ses limites. Que l'État dans sa forme actuelle, présente des carences, des faiblesses, voire des manquements. Dans tous les cas, cela veut dire que le modèle proposé jusque-là a échoué et ne saurait plus suffire à faire face aux défis à venir. C'est pourquoi une reconstruction de l'État par la décentralisation exige de chercher quelles peuvent être les dispositions à prendre pouvant justement favoriser l'émergence d'une nouvelle entité étatique.À la question, que faut-il reconstruire réellement ? Le fond de cette thèse précise qu'il s'agit des rapports Centre-Périphérie. Or, précisément, « la reconstruction de l'État » est un projet de « redéveloppement » du pays sur de nouveaux principes directeurs. Comment alors peut-on reconstruire l'État ? Il serait sans doute pertinent de procéder, d'une part, à une consolidation de la redistribution des rôles au sein de l'État et, d'autre part, à la promotion d'une nouvelle conception du rôle de l'État, devenue le point focal aussi bien pour la classe politique gabonaise, pour les citoyens que pour les bailleurs de fond. Cette reconstruction s'avère alors démocratique et elle ne peut aujourd'hui émaner substantiellement que des territoires.Ce qui est suggéré ici, c'est que la reconstruction révèle une faille, celle de la dépersonnalisation du système politique. C'est à partir de cette faille qu'il faut tout reprendre sans passer par le raccourci des constitutions qui, parce que conçues ailleurs, enracinées dans les exigences anthropologiques et historiques d'autres communautés, ne parlent pas le langage de notre imaginaire, des archétypes de notre culture et ne sont pas pour cela même capables de refonder la communauté en la réconciliant avec ses fondements, ses sources de sens.La reconstruction doit s'inscrire dans le cadre d'un projet de réforme territoriale en vue d'établir sur des bases nouvelles et durables une bonne gouvernance par les territoires et portée par les pouvoirs locaux. Ce serait tendre vers une nouvelle grammaire de la décentralisation : la décentralisation de proximité. / To assert the necessity of reconstructing the Gabonese State by the decentralization, it is to recognize implicitly that the State built by the authoritarian, totalitarian and centralist Jacobinism reached(affected) its limits. That the State in its current, present shape of the deficiencies, the weaknesses, even the breaches(negligences). In every case, it means that the model proposed up to there failed and could more not be enough to face the challenges to come. That is why a reconstruction of the State by the decentralization requires(demands) to look what can be capacities(measures) to be taken being able to exactly favor the emergence of a new state entity.In the question, which does it need to reconstruct really? The bottom of this thesis(theory) specifies that it is about reports(relationships) Centre-Périphérie. Yet(now), exactly " the reconstruction of the State " is a project of "redevelopment" of the country on new guiding principles. How then can we reconstruct the State? He(it) would be doubtless relevant to proceed, on one hand, to a consolidation of the redistribution of the roles within the State and, on the other hand, to a promotion(class) of a new conception(design) of the role of the State, become the focal point as well for the Gabonese political class, for the citizens that for the thorough lessors. This reconstruction turns out then democratic and she can emanate substantially only from territories today.

The thesis is devoted to the issue of interracial adoption, when Ugandan child lives in the Czech adoptive family. The aim is to focus on the ethical aspect of interracial adoptions. Attempts to find out whether this type of adoption is really in the best interests of the child. The first part of the thesis provides general background information about Uganda as a country of origin of children. Describes historical development and socio-economic situation of the country, the issue of HIV/AIDS and information about orphan and abandoned children. The second part describes the process of international adoption, both generally and on the part of both participating countries, namely Uganda and the Czech Republic. The third part deals with the ethical side of the adoption. Aim is to find out how the circumstances of the interracial adoption can affect the adoptive family and the future development of the child, how they cope with the racism and discrimination and questions about childs identity. This part is based on surveys, studies and interviews with adoptive parents and their adopted children.

The topic I have chosen for my thesis is Guardianship and Legal capacity from the points of view of both clients and professional public. This thesis is divided into a theoretical and a research part. The theoretical part of the thesis presents information on legal capacity, guardianship and also on the person of the guardian. A relatively large space is devoted to guardianship, thus the theoretical part includes information on, among other, appointing and selecting a guardian as well as on the guardian´s rights and obligations and surveillance of the guardian. The thesis also mentions other selected institutes of the Civil Code that can be of assistance to persons with mental disabilities, without limiting their legal capacity. Another topic of importance dealt with in the theoretical part is human rights, both in the sense of general sources of human rights and the sources of rights of persons with intellectual disabilities. Furthermore, the theoretical part of the thesis gives a brief overview of characteristics of persons with mental disabilities and the etiology of mental disability. The research part states findings of the research that was conducted by the strategy of qualitative research. The method of data collection was interrogations and semi-structured interviews. The research group included people with mental disabilities limited in their legal capacities as well as representatives of professional public who are in some way involved in the guardianship institute and who deal with this issue in their work on a daily basis. The main aim of the thesis was to find out how clients with intellectual disabilities and representatives of the professional public perceive guardianship and related issues. In addition, conducted research investigated whether clients know what role the guardian plays in their lives and whether they know their rights and obligations. Last but not least, the views of the professional public on the role of guardian in the client's life and also the experience of the professional public with the application of selected rights and obligations of clients were looked into. Results of the survey have given base to understanding how clients and the professional public perceive guardianship, what their views of rights and obligations of clients and guardians are, how demanding they find to be a guardian and last but not least, what role a guardian should play in their ward´s life.

This diploma thesis provides an insight into the issue of public guardianship in the Czech Republic from the point of view of public guardians, who in practice have to face a lot of problems in connection with the new legislation. The work is divided into several parts. The theoretical part consists of nine subchapters which define the basic concepts used in guardianship, mentioned in the Act No. 89/2012 Coll., The Civil Code, which deal with the basic principles and history of guardianship, the development of legal regulation of the guardianship institute and the legislative framework of guardianship. It also provides more detailed information on the Institute of Limitation of Authenticity and Guardianship, a public guardian, and the last subchapter focuses on enumerating the mental disorders that a public guardian may encounter with their clients. The empirical part defines objectives, methods of research and own results, which are illustrated and described in tables, discussion and in the final summary. The main objective of the work was to map the activities of public guardians in relation to persons with limited authority, the partial aims were to find out how the public guardians were looking at legislative changes in the area of limiting the authority and to identify the risk areas associated with the limitation of the authority. These research objectives have been addressed: In what areas are the public guardians working in relation to persons with limited authority? What experience does a public guardian have with the absence of information on the limitation of the person's authenticity in the ID? What are the precautionary measures in relation to persons with limited authority from the point of view of public guardians? The diploma thesis was processed by the method of qualitative research using the semi-structured interview technique and the open coding method was used to evaluate the data. The research group consisted of seven social workers who work on municipalities in the South Bohemian Region and act as a public guardian. The research survey highlighted the complexity, importance and necessity of the work of the public guardian and the problems associated with it, where there is a lack of specific legislation and a more detailed methodology in this area. The research also shows that public guardians do not always have good experience with the new legislation, especially the lack of evidence of the limitation of the authenticity of the caretaker's identity card is a problem in practice, and the new institute of supportive measures is not used too much. This diploma thesis could serve as a comprehensive information material for the general public as well as for the members of the public caregiver in the municipalities.

O processo tem por finalidade constituir instrumento hábil para satisfazer o interesse da parte que postula em juízo a realização de um direito material. A grande preocupação da ciência processual moderna, contudo, diz respeito à eficácia da tutela jurisdicional, diante do fato de que a morosidade constitui grande óbice à efetividade do processo. Nesse diapasão, foi inserido no ordenamento pátrio, por meio da Lei n 8.952/94, o instituto da antecipação da tutela como medida de caráter provisório e satisfativo, aplicável de maneira genérica às situações sujeitas ao processo de cognição. Consiste em fornecer ao autor, total ou parcialmente, aquilo que pretende obter ao final do processo, nas hipóteses em que haja fundado receio de dano irreparável ou de difícil reparação, ou fique caracterizado o abuso de direito de defesa ou manifesto propósito protelatório do réu, com a finalidade de assegurar a utilidade do resultado final do processo. O questionamento desse trabalho incide, contudo, no que diz respeito à possibilidade da concessão da tutela antecipada genérica em face de sua postulação implícita. Foram analisados os diversos posicionamentos que tentam solucionar a indagação exposta. Alguns doutrinadores afirmam não ser possível, em virtude da exigência expressa do dispositivo legal no tocante ao requerimento da parte interessada. Argumentam, ainda, que representaria uma afronta aos princípios tradicionais do processo, como o da demanda ou da iniciativa da parte, da adstrição do juiz ao pedido, ao princípio dispositivo e ao princípio da imparcialidade do juiz. Outros doutrinadores entendem pela possibilidade da concessão do provimento antecipatório amparadas no pedido implícito, nas hipóteses em que o julgador observar que estão presentes os requisitos exigidos pela lei. Alegam que diante do caráter publicista do processo, este deve atender acima de tudo aos princípios do amplo acesso à justiça e do devido processo legal, considerando a importância da efetividade da tutela jurisdicional. Esses autores alegam que não haveria violação aos princípios constitucionais, na medida em que o pedido de antecipação da tutela estaria contido, mesmo que implicitamente, no pedido inicial da parte. Após as pesquisas desenvolvidas, chegamos à conclusão de que deve ser possível a concessão da tutela antecipada ainda que o pedido não esteja expresso na inicial. É que, fazendo uma ponderação dos valores em jogo no caso concreto, o juiz deve estar apto a dar maior efetividade ao processo, em cumprimento aos ditames constitucionais. / The process has as main purpose to constitute skillful instrument to satisfy the interest of the part that claims in judgment the accomplishment of a material right. The great concern of modern procedural science, however, is about the effectiveness of the jurisdictional guardianship, ahead of the fact of slowdown constitutes great obstacle to the effectiveness of the process. In this diapason, he was inserted in the native order, through Law n 8.952/94, the institute of the anticipation of the guardianship as measured of provisory and fulfillment, applicable character in generic way to the situations citizens to the cognition process. It consists of supplying to the author, total or partially, what it intends to get to the end of the process, in the hypotheses where it has established distrust of irreparable damage or difficult repairing, or is characterized the abuse of process of defense or manifesto dilatory intention of the male defendant, with the purpose to assure the utility of the final result of the process. The questioning of this work happens, however, in what it says respect to the possibility of the concession of the generic anticipated guardianship in face of its implicit postulation. The diverse positioning had been analyzed trying to solve the investigation displayed. Some instructors affirm not to be possible, in virtue of the express requirement of the legal device in regards to the petition of the interested person. They argue, still, that it would represent a confront to the traditional principles of the process, as of the demand or the initiative of the part, the astriction of the judge to the order, the principle device and the principle of the impartiality of the judge. Other instructors understand for the possibility of the supported concession of the anticipated provisions in the implicit order, in the hypotheses where the judge to observe that the requirements demanded for the law are gifts. They ahead allege that of the character publicist of the process, this must take care of above all to the principles of the ample access to justice and of due process of law, considering the importance of the effectiveness of the jurisdictional guardianship. These authors allege that, would not have breaking to the principles constitutional, in the measure where the order of anticipation of the guardianship would be contained, same that implicitly, in the initial order of the part. After the developed research we come to the conclusion that must be possible the concession of the anticipated guardianship despite the order is not express in the initial. He is that, making a balance of the values in game in the case concrete, the judge must is apt to give bigger effectiveness to the process, in fulfillment to the constitutional concept

Conforme exposição de motivos do Código de Processo Civil de 2015, um dos fundamentos para sua elaboração foi a de proporcionar maior celeridade e efetividade ao processo. Para concretizar o objetivo almejado, foi adotado o termo tutela de evidência no artigo 311, ampliando as hipóteses de antecipação dos efeitos da tutela jurisdicional, sem, contudo, necessidade de comprovação da urgência. Portanto, o CPC/2015 apresenta um novo arcabouço para as tutelas provisórias, sendo imprescindível seu estudo pelos operadores do direito. Entretanto, a mudança legislativa não possui embasamento estatístico que a justifique. Assim, o presente trabalho tem como pretensão apresentar as premissas teóricas que fundamentaram a criação da tutela de evidência, enfrentando os temas relacionados com ênfase em análise empírica de processos judiciais, verificando se existe separação entre os conceitos encampados pela doutrina e pela prática jurídica. / According to the exposition of motives from the Civil Process Code of 2015, one of the fundamentals to its elaboration was to provide celerity and effectiveness to the process. To achieve the intended goal, it was adopted the evidence injunction on article 311, expanding the anticipation hypothesis of the judicial protection effects, without, however, need to prove the urgency. Therefore, the CPC/2015 presents a new framework to the provisory judicial protection, being indispensable its study by the operators of law. However, the legislative change does not possess statistical basement that justifies itself. Thereby, the present work has the pretension to present the theoretical premises that grounded the evidence injunction creation, facing the themes related to emphasis in empirical analysis of judicial processes, checking if there is separation between the concepts emplaced by the doctrine and by the juridical practice.