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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Burguesia industrial no governo Dutra 1946-1950)

Boschi, Marcia Maria 03 March 2003 (has links)
Orientador: Decio Azevedo Marques de Saes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-26T10:11:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Boschi_MarciaMaria_M.pdf: 32410583 bytes, checksum: 8c86c6c83a0c9cc4f762384691e3142c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000 / Resumo: Não informado / Abstract: Not informed / Mestrado / Ciencia Politica / Mestra em Ciência Política / CAPES
32

Cine y realidad en Gaspar Noé / Cinema and reality in Gaspar Noé

Gamarra Reyes, Kiandra 24 February 2021 (has links)
Gaspar Noé, a French-Argentine director, is known for the controversial themes and scenes in his filmography, where violence is the first thing that stands out. However, other elements can be identified that have equal relevance in the structure of his films. The human body is one of them. Noé presents the pleasure and suffering of his characters closely so that the viewer perceives them first-hand. He seeks to shock the viewer with scenes that are difficult to see and hear. The director exhibits things in a transgressive way to show the malaise that exists within France. This thesis offers a study on the construction of reality in cinema, the representation of French society, the New French Extremism and the social, political and economic context of France, which will allow a better understanding of its environment, the audiovisual language that uses and the references that have influenced his style. Likewise, these points will serve as the basis for analyzing the director's filmography. The analysis carried out shows that Gaspar Noé, from the beginning, exhibits a pessimistic reality that is reinforcing it over the years by showing a society that is crumbling, unhappy people whose actions are irreversible and the inevitability of destiny. This study enriches realism in film, incorporating the unconventional reality of Gaspar Noé. / Gaspar Noé, director franco-argentino, es conocido por los temas y escenas controversiales de su filmografía, donde la violencia es lo primero que destaca. No obstante, se puede identificar otros elementos que tienen igual relevancia en la estructura de sus películas. El cuerpo humano es uno de ellos. Noé presenta de cerca el placer y el sufrimiento de sus personajes para que el espectador los perciba en carne propia. Busca conmocionar al espectador con escenas difíciles de ver y escuchar. El director exhibe las cosas de una manera transgresora para mostrar el malestar que existe dentro de Francia. La presente tesis ofrece un estudio sobre la construcción de la realidad en el cine, la representación de la sociedad francesa, el Nuevo Extremismo Francés y el contexto social, político y económico de Francia, los cuales permitirán conocer mejor su entorno, el lenguaje audiovisual que utiliza y los referentes que han influido en su estilo. Asimismo, estos puntos servirán de base para analizar la filmografía del director. El análisis realizado evidencia que Gaspar Noé, desde sus inicios, exhibe una realidad pesimista que va reforzándola con los años al mostrar una sociedad que se desmorona, personas infelices cuyas acciones son irreversibles y la inevitabilidad del destino. Este estudio enriquece el realismo en el cine, incorporando la realidad poco convencional de Gaspar Noé. / Tesis
33

Blood, Sperm, and Tears in Extreme Cinema : A phenomenological study in hegemonic masculinity through Gaspar Noé's Love from a psychoanalytical perspective

Hjelm, Zara Luna January 2020 (has links)
This thesis will analyze how masculinity is depicted in the French-Argentinean director Gaspar Noé’s movie Love (2015), and how it is orientating and disorientating through an intersectional lens. In his films, the filmmaker often uses haptic images and sound traversing to interrogate the existence and to express a clear and abject visuality to expose the flesh. On that notion, the study will use a psychanalytic theoretical framework with hegemonic masculinity, and a phenomenological methodology with Bertolt Brecht’s theories on theatre to examine the bodily performances of the cinematic body, the bodies of the characters on screen, and the spectator’s body to reflect on the film’s thematic, aesthetic, and ideological features. Additionally, this study will explore how the viewer embodies the self-images and memories of the characters on the screen, and how that affects the spectator.
34

Le dispositif photo-littéraire en France dans la seconde moitié du XXème siècle : analyse de l'oeuvre de François-Marie Banier, Jean-Loup Trassard, Lorand Gaspar et Denis Roche

Pal, Gyöngyi 02 April 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Au cours de la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle le statut de la photographie se trouve bouleversé : l'institutionnalisation du médium, son emploi dans les arts conceptuels, la crise du photo-journalisme, l'avènement de la photographie digitale, en accord avec le passage à l'esthétique pragmatiste, influencent la reconnaissance de l'instabilité du signe et de la précarité du sens d'une œuvre. De nouveaux concepts apparaissent alors dans la définition de la photographie tels l'empreinte ou le dispositif, qui déplacent le sens de l'œuvre au delà de sa réalisation matérielle. Ce changement aura un impact sur la relation texte-image en général, ainsi que sur les œuvres photo-littéraires. Si le discours sur la photographie a toujours tourné autours de sa valeur de vérité, apposé au texte cette dernière devient problématique. La valeur documentaire paradoxale de la photo ouvre alors une multitude de possibilités de son utilisation dans les autobiographies, les autofictions ou les œuvres de fiction. La richesse des rapports texte/photo se dévoile également dans la partie qui met en parallèle des études monographiques consacrée à l'œuvre de François-Marie Banier, Jean-Loup Trassard, Lorand Gaspar et Denis Roche. Ces écrivains photographes nouent justement de différentes manières leur deux pratiques photographique et littéraire, dont l'étude nécessite aussi le développement de nouveaux outils méthodologiques. Inspiré des « cultural studies » ce travail cherche donc à comprendre l'émergence et le dépassement du problème de l'instabilité du signe dans la théorie de la photographie, dans les autobiographies photo-littéraires et dans les œuvres iconotextuelles des écrivains photographes
35

A imposição do alinhamento : a política externa dos governos Dutra e Vargas (1946-1954)

Gomes, Daniel Costa 29 December 2016 (has links)
Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Relações Internacionais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Internacionais, Mestrado em Relações Internacionais, 2016. / Submitted by Fernanda Percia França (fernandafranca@bce.unb.br) on 2017-02-08T20:02:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_DanielCostaGomes.pdf: 1566224 bytes, checksum: 67e4ec8d554afb790960ce1a6fd5b8b7 (MD5) / Rejected by Ruthléa Nascimento(ruthleanascimento@bce.unb.br), reason: Olá! Por favor, complete as informações adicionais conforme consta no documento, altere o nome do coorientador e limpe as propriedades do PDF, pois o título que aparece no arquivo é bem estranho: "00, elementos pré-textuais". Obrigada! on 2017-02-16T19:38:47Z (GMT) / Submitted by Fernanda Percia França (fernandafranca@bce.unb.br) on 2017-02-20T15:29:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_DanielCostaGomes.pdf: 1570157 bytes, checksum: db56182eef3d28cc37ff9d95b3b461c2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ruthléa Nascimento(ruthleanascimento@bce.unb.br) on 2017-02-22T18:21:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_DanielCostaGomes.pdf: 1570157 bytes, checksum: db56182eef3d28cc37ff9d95b3b461c2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-22T18:21:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_DanielCostaGomes.pdf: 1570157 bytes, checksum: db56182eef3d28cc37ff9d95b3b461c2 (MD5) / O presente trabalho analisa a política externa adotada pelos governos de Eurico Dutra (1946- 1950) e de Getúlio Vargas (1951-1954), valendo-se de fontes primárias e secundárias. A hipótese defendida é a de que, durante esses dois governos, a política externa brasileira foi caracterizada pela "imposição do alinhamento". Consequentemente, influenciada por forças internas e externas, a política alinhada aos Estados Unidos impôs-se como a opção efetivamente viável ao Brasil desses dois presidentes. No desenvolvimento dessa caracterização, debatem-se os conceitos tradicionais para a interpretação da política externa daqueles dois governos. As premissas desses conceitos são analisadas e interpretadas segundo estudos recentes desenvolvidos no âmbito da História Mundial, da História do Brasil, da História das Relações Internacionais, da História da Política Exterior do Brasil, da Economia Mundial e da Economia Brasileira. / This paper analyzes the foreign policy adopted by the governments of Eurico Dutra (1946-1950) and of Getúlio Vargas (1951-1954), resorting to primary and secondary sources.The hypothesis it defends is that, during these two governments, Brazilian foreign policy was characterized by the "imposition of alignment". Consequently, influenced by internal and external forces, the policy of alignment to the United States imposed itself as the effectively viable option to the Brazil of theses two presidents. Along the development of that characterization, the traditional concepts to the interpretation of the foreign policy of those two governments are debated. The premises of these concepts are analyzed and interpreted according to recent studies developed in the field of World History, Brazilian History, International Relations History, Brazilian Foreign Policy History, World Economy, and Brazilian Economy.
36

La evolución de la guitarra solista en la música popular andina del Perú: Un estudio sobre sus principales exponentes a partir del año 1913

Pimentel Rebaza, Jose Alejandro 01 December 2020 (has links)
En el campo académico se han realizado numerosos estudios acerca del guitarrista Raúl García Zárate. Claros ejemplos son: la tesis de Camilo Pajuelo Raul García Zárate: Fundamentos para el estudio de su vida y obra, las transcripciones de Javier Echecopar y Javier Molina, y algunos trabajos de difusión de Mario Cerrón Fetta acerca de la importancia de García Zárate en el desarrollo de la guitarra solista peruana. Por su parte, Luis Justo Caballero realiza un importante trabajo de investigación y de difusión de la obra de Carlos Hayre, un guitarrista muy importante dentro del ecosistema de la música criolla. Octavio Santa Cruz, además de realizar arreglos para guitarra solista afroperuana, también se ha dedicado al estudio de la guitarra en la música peruana; entre sus trabajos encontramos La guitarra en el Perú publicado en 2004. Sin embargo, la literatura actual en relación con la guitarra peruana carece de aportes que expliquen su evolución dentro de los diferentes estilos populares del Perú. Por lo tanto, el presente trabajo tendrá como principal objetivo explicar la evolución de la guitarra solista andina, así como un breve estudio de los guitarristas más representativos, entre ellos, Alejandro Gómez Morón, Alberto Juscamaita, Gaspar Andía Fajardo, Raúl García Zárate, Daniel Kirwayo, Manuel Prado Alarcón, Pablo Ojeda Vizcarra, Riber Oré, Rolando Carrasco Segovia. Además, responderá a la pregunta ¿De qué manera la investigación de la guitarra en la música andina es importante para el desarrollo de un estilo personal?, enfatizando el concepto de autenticidad del autor Jean-Paul Sartre.
37

Música y violencia: la responsabilidad frente a la manipulación de sentidos en las películas Requiem for a dream e Irreversible

Astopilco Torres, Margie Alejandra 02 November 2023 (has links)
Durante décadas, el papel que la música cumple en la industria cinematográfica ha sido indiscutible, pues ambas artes han demostrado ser capaces de interrelacionarse perfectamente hasta lograr una adecuada fusión de música e imagen, por lo que resulta imposible que una prescinda de otra. Sin embargo, ¿qué sucede cuando la historia de los filmes presenta escenas violentas de forma inesperada? Es supuesto que tanto sonido como escena transmitan este concepto a su audiencia, y si bien el guion auxilia a la imagen para lograrlo, para el público resulta desconocido el reconocer cómo lo realiza la música. En consecuencia, el espectador se encuentra expuesto ante cualquier efecto que se produzca frente a las técnicas o métodos que aquello implique. De esta manera, la presente investigación pretende evaluar los casos de dos películas contemporáneas calificadas como género dramático: Requiem for a dream e Irreversible, con el fin de demostrar, a través de un análisis de la banda sonora, la manipulación del sonido hacia el público y; seguidamente, evidenciar la responsabilidad del compositor frente a este fenómeno. Es así, que se recurrirá a reconocidos investigadores y expertos en el campo de la música cinematográfica tales como Michel Chion, Philip Ball, Hanss Eisler, Theodor Adorno, entre otros. / For decades, the role that music plays in the film industry has been indisputable, as both arts have shown to be capable of being perfectly interrelated to achieve an adequate fusion of music and image, and it is impossible for one to dispense with the other. However, what happens when the story of the films presents violent scenes in unexpected ways? It is assumed that both sound and scene transmit this concept to its audience, and although the script helps the image to achieve it, it is unknown for the public to recognize how the music performs it. Consequently, the viewer is exposed to any effect that occurs against the techniques or methods that this involve. In this way, this research aims to evaluate the cases of two contemporary films classified as dramatic genre: Requiem for a dream and Irreversible, in order to demonstrate, through an analysis of the soundtrack, the manipulation of sound towards the public and; afterward, to show the responsibility of the composer in front of this phenomenon. In this way, renowned researchers and experts in the field of film music such as Michel Chion, Philip Ball, Hanss Eisler, Theodor Adorno, among others, will be used in this investigation.
38

A revolução federalista e o ideário parlamentarista / The federalist revolution in Brazil and the ideas of parliamentarism

Reverbel, Carlos Eduardo Dieder 07 May 2014 (has links)
A Revolução Federalista e o ideário parlamentarista remonta à história política do Império do Brasil. Com a proclamação da República em 15.11.1889, a vida política e social modificou-se sobremaneira. A forma de Estado deixou de ser Unitária para ser Federativa, o sistema de governo deixou de ser Parlamentarista para ser Presidencialista, a forma de governo deixou de ser Monárquica para se tornar Republicana. Tais reformas lideradas pelo Marechal Deodoro da Fonseca e por Benjamin Constant depositaram grandes expectativas no povo brasileiro. Todos os males do império projetavam-se na república. Com o tempo, o povo foi vendo, pouco a pouco, que as velhas mazelas que assombravam a vida imperial, rondavam, igualmente, a vida republicana. O sistema eleitoral e as reformas eleitorais não garantiam a plena democracia, tanto que Deodoro e os seus garantiram, artificialmente, a maioria na Constituinte de 1891. O alistamento ainda era forjado, a grande naturalização favorecia os Republicanos Históricos, sendo que a vontade da Nação distanciava-se, cada vez mais, da vontade dos proclamadores da República. A instabilidade política e social era acompanhada pelo abalo econômico. As constantes emissões, a jogatina na bolsa, o encilhamento, a substituição do trabalho servil pela mão de obra livre, a substituição dos velhos liberais e conservadores do Império pela mocidade imberbe da República, toda ela inexperiente, toda ela não versada no serviço público é que passou a gerir a vida pública nos mais diferentes estados da nossa federação. A ala jovem republicana, lotada em importantes cargos administrativos e governamentais, trocou os pés pelas mãos, angariando a raiva das forças tradicionais do Império. O Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, por exemplo, assistiu, durante o Governo Provisório, passar pelo Estado, nada menos que seis Governadores. A instabilidade política era total. A diátese revolucionária prenunciava levantes armados em poucos dias. Parafraseando D. Pedro, Deodoro abandonou o poder, momento em que assina o decreto de alforria do verdadeiro escravo do Brasil. Assume o poder o Vice-Presidente, Marechal Floriano Peixoto, o qual presta apoio político ao Governador do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, o Sr. Júlio de Castilhos. Ambos aliam-se contra o exército libertador de Gaspar Silveira Martins, que havia retornado do exílio e fundara o Partido Federalista Rio-Grandense, no Congresso de Bagé, para fazer frente ao Governo autoritário de Júlio de Castilhos. Travou-se no Rio Grande do Sul uma das mais sangrentas guerras de nossa história. A Revolução Federalista foi um guerra fratricida, que matou mais de dez mil homens. Estes revolucionários liderados intelectualmente por Gaspar Silveira Martins e militarmente pelo General Joca Tavares, Gumercindo Saraiva e Aparício Saraiva, guerrearam por três estados da federação (RS, SC e PR), fazendo a república tremer. Em certos momentos, a revolução parecia que garanharia contornos nacionais, e o Presidente Floriano temia o futuro da República. No governo de Prudente de Morais foi assinado, na cidade de Dom Pedrito, a paz farroupilha, momento em que os maragatos de Silveira Martins e os Chimangos de Júlio de Castilhos apertaram as mãos: estava consolidade, de vez, a República. / The Federalist Revolution and the ideas of Parliamentarism start from the Political History of the Brazilian´s Empire. With the Republic\'s proclamation in 11.15.1889, the political and social life changed substantially. The state form stopped being unitary to be federative, the government system stopped being parlamentarism to be presidentialism, the government form stopped being a monarchy to be a republic. Such reformations, leaded by Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca and by Benjamin Constant created great expectations in the Brazilian people. All the evils of the empire protruded in the republic. Over time, the people started to understand, inchmeal, that the old evils that haunted the empire, also prowled the republican life. The electoral system and the poll reformations do not assured full democracy, so that Deodoro and his cronies achieved, artificially, majority in the 1891´s constituent. The voter registration was wrought, the great naturalization favored the historic republicans, as the nation´s will distinguished increasingly from the will of the republic proclaimers. The social and political instability was accompanied by the economic debacle. The constant issuance of paper money, the gambling on the stock exchange, the encilhamento, the change from the slave work by the free work, the substitution of the old empire´s liberal and conservative politicians by the republic´s beardless youth, all of them lacking experience, without knowledge of the public service, started to manage the public life in the diferent states of the Brazilian federation. The republican´s youth wing, occupying important administrative and governmental positions, created confusion, causing rage by the traditional forces of the empire. The Rio Grande do Sul´s state, for instance, under the Brazilians Provisional government, had no less than six governors. There was a complete political instability. The revolutionary diathesis foreshadowed armed uprisings in few days. Paraphrasing D. Pedro, Deodoro abandoned the power, in the moment in which signs the emancipation decree of the true Brazi´s slave. The vice president, Marshal Floriano Peixoto, assumes the power, and provides political support to the Rio Grande do Sul´s state´s governor, Mr. Júlio de Castilhos. They both allied against the Gaspar Silveira Martins´s liberator army, which had returned from the exile and founded the Rio Grande do Sul´s Federalist Party, in the Bagé´s Congress, to oppose Júlio de Castilhos ´s authoritarian govern. Then happened one of the bloodiest wars of our history. The Federalist Revolution was a fratricidal war, that killed over ten thousand men. These revolutionaries, intellectually leaded by Gaspar Silveira Martins and military commanded by General Joca Tavares, Gumercindo Saraiva e Aparício Saraiva, waged war in three states of the federation (RS, SC and PR), making the republic tremble. In certain moments, the revolution seemed to gain national contours, and the President Floriano feared for the future of the Republic. In the Prudente de Morais presidential government was signed, in the town of Dom Pedrito, the farroupilha peace, when the Silveira Martins´s maragatos and the Júlio de Castilhos´s chimangos shaked hands: the Republic was consolidated, once and for all.
39

A revolução federalista e o ideário parlamentarista / The federalist revolution in Brazil and the ideas of parliamentarism

Carlos Eduardo Dieder Reverbel 07 May 2014 (has links)
A Revolução Federalista e o ideário parlamentarista remonta à história política do Império do Brasil. Com a proclamação da República em 15.11.1889, a vida política e social modificou-se sobremaneira. A forma de Estado deixou de ser Unitária para ser Federativa, o sistema de governo deixou de ser Parlamentarista para ser Presidencialista, a forma de governo deixou de ser Monárquica para se tornar Republicana. Tais reformas lideradas pelo Marechal Deodoro da Fonseca e por Benjamin Constant depositaram grandes expectativas no povo brasileiro. Todos os males do império projetavam-se na república. Com o tempo, o povo foi vendo, pouco a pouco, que as velhas mazelas que assombravam a vida imperial, rondavam, igualmente, a vida republicana. O sistema eleitoral e as reformas eleitorais não garantiam a plena democracia, tanto que Deodoro e os seus garantiram, artificialmente, a maioria na Constituinte de 1891. O alistamento ainda era forjado, a grande naturalização favorecia os Republicanos Históricos, sendo que a vontade da Nação distanciava-se, cada vez mais, da vontade dos proclamadores da República. A instabilidade política e social era acompanhada pelo abalo econômico. As constantes emissões, a jogatina na bolsa, o encilhamento, a substituição do trabalho servil pela mão de obra livre, a substituição dos velhos liberais e conservadores do Império pela mocidade imberbe da República, toda ela inexperiente, toda ela não versada no serviço público é que passou a gerir a vida pública nos mais diferentes estados da nossa federação. A ala jovem republicana, lotada em importantes cargos administrativos e governamentais, trocou os pés pelas mãos, angariando a raiva das forças tradicionais do Império. O Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, por exemplo, assistiu, durante o Governo Provisório, passar pelo Estado, nada menos que seis Governadores. A instabilidade política era total. A diátese revolucionária prenunciava levantes armados em poucos dias. Parafraseando D. Pedro, Deodoro abandonou o poder, momento em que assina o decreto de alforria do verdadeiro escravo do Brasil. Assume o poder o Vice-Presidente, Marechal Floriano Peixoto, o qual presta apoio político ao Governador do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, o Sr. Júlio de Castilhos. Ambos aliam-se contra o exército libertador de Gaspar Silveira Martins, que havia retornado do exílio e fundara o Partido Federalista Rio-Grandense, no Congresso de Bagé, para fazer frente ao Governo autoritário de Júlio de Castilhos. Travou-se no Rio Grande do Sul uma das mais sangrentas guerras de nossa história. A Revolução Federalista foi um guerra fratricida, que matou mais de dez mil homens. Estes revolucionários liderados intelectualmente por Gaspar Silveira Martins e militarmente pelo General Joca Tavares, Gumercindo Saraiva e Aparício Saraiva, guerrearam por três estados da federação (RS, SC e PR), fazendo a república tremer. Em certos momentos, a revolução parecia que garanharia contornos nacionais, e o Presidente Floriano temia o futuro da República. No governo de Prudente de Morais foi assinado, na cidade de Dom Pedrito, a paz farroupilha, momento em que os maragatos de Silveira Martins e os Chimangos de Júlio de Castilhos apertaram as mãos: estava consolidade, de vez, a República. / The Federalist Revolution and the ideas of Parliamentarism start from the Political History of the Brazilian´s Empire. With the Republic\'s proclamation in 11.15.1889, the political and social life changed substantially. The state form stopped being unitary to be federative, the government system stopped being parlamentarism to be presidentialism, the government form stopped being a monarchy to be a republic. Such reformations, leaded by Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca and by Benjamin Constant created great expectations in the Brazilian people. All the evils of the empire protruded in the republic. Over time, the people started to understand, inchmeal, that the old evils that haunted the empire, also prowled the republican life. The electoral system and the poll reformations do not assured full democracy, so that Deodoro and his cronies achieved, artificially, majority in the 1891´s constituent. The voter registration was wrought, the great naturalization favored the historic republicans, as the nation´s will distinguished increasingly from the will of the republic proclaimers. The social and political instability was accompanied by the economic debacle. The constant issuance of paper money, the gambling on the stock exchange, the encilhamento, the change from the slave work by the free work, the substitution of the old empire´s liberal and conservative politicians by the republic´s beardless youth, all of them lacking experience, without knowledge of the public service, started to manage the public life in the diferent states of the Brazilian federation. The republican´s youth wing, occupying important administrative and governmental positions, created confusion, causing rage by the traditional forces of the empire. The Rio Grande do Sul´s state, for instance, under the Brazilians Provisional government, had no less than six governors. There was a complete political instability. The revolutionary diathesis foreshadowed armed uprisings in few days. Paraphrasing D. Pedro, Deodoro abandoned the power, in the moment in which signs the emancipation decree of the true Brazi´s slave. The vice president, Marshal Floriano Peixoto, assumes the power, and provides political support to the Rio Grande do Sul´s state´s governor, Mr. Júlio de Castilhos. They both allied against the Gaspar Silveira Martins´s liberator army, which had returned from the exile and founded the Rio Grande do Sul´s Federalist Party, in the Bagé´s Congress, to oppose Júlio de Castilhos ´s authoritarian govern. Then happened one of the bloodiest wars of our history. The Federalist Revolution was a fratricidal war, that killed over ten thousand men. These revolutionaries, intellectually leaded by Gaspar Silveira Martins and military commanded by General Joca Tavares, Gumercindo Saraiva e Aparício Saraiva, waged war in three states of the federation (RS, SC and PR), making the republic tremble. In certain moments, the revolution seemed to gain national contours, and the President Floriano feared for the future of the Republic. In the Prudente de Morais presidential government was signed, in the town of Dom Pedrito, the farroupilha peace, when the Silveira Martins´s maragatos and the Júlio de Castilhos´s chimangos shaked hands: the Republic was consolidated, once and for all.
40

L'image de l'Orient dans des récits de voyage portugais du XVIème siècle : vers une nouvelle image mythique de l'Orient / The image of the East in Portuguese travel accounts of the 16th century : the birth of a new mythical image of the East

Jésus, Stéphanie de 07 March 2014 (has links)
Les Grandes Découvertes portugaises furent une étape fondamentale dans la rencontre entre Occident et Orient. Bien que l'Orient ne fût pas un territoire totalement inconnu des Européens, la distance et les difficultés que rencontraient les voyageurs occidentaux qui se rendaient en Orient à l'époque médiévale, faisaient des informations qu'ils transmettaient des denrées presque aussi rares et précieuses que les épices ou les étoffes pour lesquelles ils empruntaient la fameuse route de la soie. Le succès retentissant qu'a connu le récit de l'illustre explorateur italien Marco Polo témoigne de l'intérêt que l'Orient suscitait à cette époque. Ce récit marqua les esprits et continua de distiller merveilles et mythes dans l'imaginaire européen jusqu'au début du XVI° siècle. Aussi avant le premier voyage de Vasco de Gama (1497-1498) et malgré les échanges commerciaux de la route de la soie, la connaissance de l'Orient restait très approximative, voire parfois fantaisiste. À la suite de la découverte du chemin maritime vers les Indes, la rencontre des Portugais avec l'Orient permit d'actualiser cette connaissance. Les voyageurs portugais offrirent aux Européens des récits qui rompirent avec la tradition livresque médiévale, en reportant des observations faites in loco et donc plus proches de la réalité orientale. Mais bien que ces voyageurs aient contribué à la démythification de certains mythes associés à l'Orient, l'image de l'Orient que leurs récits transmettaient à leur tour, continua d'être régie par les lois de l'imaginaire. Notre thèse porte sur l'image renaissante de l'Orient et constitue une étude des images et symboles qui furent associés à l'Orient dans cinq récits de voyages portugais du XVI°. Afin de dégager les permanences et les évolutions de cette image, nous nous intéresserons dans un premier temps à l'image de l'Orient de l’Antiquité au Moyen Age, à travers toutes les informations qui circulaient sur ce dernier, de la littérature latine aux récits de voyageurs tels que Marco Polo et Jean de Mandeville, en passant par les débuts de la cartographie. Puis nous nous intéresserons à l'image renaissante de l'Orient à travers l'étude d'un corpus de cinq récits de voyages portugais que nous considérons représentatifs des différents aspects de cette nouvelle vision mythique de l'Orient et qui sont les suivants: Peregrinação de Fernão Mendes Pinto, Algumas coisas sabidas da China de Galiote Pereira, Tratado das Coisas da China de Gaspar da Cruz, Verdadeira Informação das terras do Preste João das Índias de Francisco Álvares et le Livro do Oriente de Duarte Barbosa. / The Portuguese discoveries were an essential step in the meeting between the West and the East. Although the East wasn’t a land completely unknown by the Europeans, the distance and the difficulties that the western travellers who were going to the East during Middle Ages had to face with, made the informations they transmitted goods almost as rare and precious than the spices or fabrics for which they had taken the famous silk road. The significant success of the relation of the renowned Italian explorer Marco Polo demonstrates the interest that the East provoked in these times. This account left a deep impression and continued to spread marvels and myths in the European imagination until the early XVIth century. Before the first travel of Vasco da Gama (1497-1498) and despite the trade of the Silk Road, the knowledge of the East remained approximate, indeed sometimes fanciful. After the discovery of the sea route to the Indies, the meeting of the Portuguese with the East permitted to update this knowledge. The Portuguese travellers offered to the Europeans, accounts that broke with the medieval tradition, reporting observations made in loco and as a consequence closer to the eastern reality. But although these travellers contributed to the demystification of some myths linked to the East, the image of the East they transmitted continued to be ruled by the laws of imagination. Our tesis will talk about the Renaissance’s image of the East and constitute a study of the images and symbols that were associated to the East by five Portuguese travel accounts of the XVIth century. So as to determinate the permanences and the evolutions of this image, we will at first talk about the image of the East from Antiquity to Middle Ages. Then we will talk about the Renaissance’s image of the East by studying five Portuguese travel accounts that we consider representative of different aspects of this new mythical image of the East. This accounts being Peregrinação of Fernão Mendes Pinto, Algumas coisas sabidas da China of Galiote Pereira, the Tratado das Coisas da China of Gaspar da Cruz, the Verdadeira Informação das terras do Preste João das Índias of Francisco Álvares and the Livro do Oriente of Duarte Barbosa.

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