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Since the fall of the Wall, a new era of East German literature has emerged. This genre of literature exists even though East Germany’s borders dissolved over a decade and half ago and is challenging the way we think about the former German Democratic Republic. East German author Thomas Brussig is pivotal in this new genre of literature. His novels Helden wie wir (1995), Am kürzeren Ende der Sonnenallee (1999) and Leander Haußmann’s cinematic adaptation, Sonnenallee (1999), confront the negative associations and stereotypes connected with East Germany to deconstruct how formal history has portrayed its past and its citizens. Brussig’s texts take a completely different approach to remembering the GDR, which simultaneously challenges history’s dominant perspective as well as the Ostalgie phenomenon. Through his texts’ recollection, Brussig subverts the East German state in hindsight and begins the construction of a new mythology with which to associate former East Germany.

Die Bluesbewegung war eine Jugendbewegung, die sich Ende der 1960er Jahre in der DDR formierte. Sie regte einen Kulturtransfer an, der in den 1970er und 1980er Jahren amerikanischen Blues in die DDR brachte. Die vorliegende Arbeit rekonstruiert diesen Prozess, angefangen bei den Motiven für die Jugendlichen, sich für Blues zu interessieren, über die Vermittlung des Blues durch verschiedene Medien, vor allem durch den Hörfunk, bis zur DDR-spezifischen Aneignung des Blues inner- und außerhalb der Szene. / “Bluesbewegung” is the name of a youth movement that arose in the late 1960’s in the GDR. This movement encouraged the cultural transfer which brought American blues music into the GDR. My study wants to reconstruct this process beginning with the motives for being interested in Blues music, continuing with the transfer of Blues music throughout the media (especially in radio broadcasting), and finally, ending with the GDR-specific appropriation of Blues within and outside of the youth scene.

Le présent travail a pour objet le traitement du passé de la RDA dans l’espace public à l’occasion des commémorations du 17 juin 1953, du 9 novembre 1989 et du 3 octobre 1990, dans les discours officiels et dans la presse. Son objectif est d’étudier le processus de construction d’une mémoire commune de ce passé, mémoire qui participe à l’élaboration d’une identité allemande commune. L’analyse porte d’une part sur les commémorations en tant qu’initiatives politiques de traitement du passé dans l’espace public. Elle met en évidence le traitement « anhistorique » du passé de la RDA dans les discours officiels prononcés lors de ces commémorations. L’étude de leur couverture par la presse montre le rôle de ce média dans le traitement du passé de la RDA.Les commémorations correspondent d’autre part à une focalisation de l’espace public sur le passé de la RDA. L’étude du traitement du passé par la presse à ces occasions met en évidence les réactions de citoyens de l’ancienne RDA à la mémoire « officielle ». Elle révèle la pluralité des mémoires de la RDA telles qu’elles s’expriment dans la presse. Le caractère particulier de la presse régionale est-allemande dans ce traitement du passé est également analysé, à travers l’exemple de la Sächsische Zeitung. Il se dégage de la confrontation et interprétation des sources une nette fragmentation de la mémoire de la RDA en Allemagne, qui s’articule en particulier autour d’une opposition entre mémoire « d’en haut » et mémoire « d’en bas ». Cette opposition souligne la nécessité de négociations entre responsables politiques et citoyens pour passer d’une mémoire événementielle à une mémoire culturelle de la RDA. / The present study explores how the GDR’s past is remembered on the occasion of the commemorations of 17th June 1953, 9th November 1989 and 3rd October 1990, in official speeches and in the press. Its purpose is to investigate the construction of a common memory of this past, which participates in the elaboration of a common German identity.First, it analyses commemorations as a voluntary act of the political management of memory in the public space. It points out how “ahistorical” the official memory of the GDR expressed in official commemoration speeches is. The way the press covers these speeches indicates the role of this media in dealing with the GDR’s past.But commemorations are also an opportunity for discussing and debating about the past in the public space. Citizens of the former GDR react against the “official” memory imposed by politicians through commemorations, which explains why commemorations reveal other types of memories. The thesis examines different aspects of collective memory expressed in the press. Specificities of the East German local press (especially the Sächsische Zeitung) in these processes are also analysed.The confrontation and the interpretation of different sources highlight the fragmentation of GDR memory in Germany, especially the opposition between a memory coming “from the top” (politicians) and a memory coming “from the bottom” (citizens). This opposition underlines the necessity for negotiations in order to operate a transition from an event-oriented memory of the GDR to a cultural one.

This thesis deals with the monetary theory of business cycles as presented by the so called Austrian school of economics. It analyzes the different economic effects of investments financed by saving as opposed to investments financed by credit expansion. It shows that in the latter case an unsustainable situation results in which economic actors try both to invest and to consume more at the same time, which is physically impossible. The result is recession and liquidation of malinvestments made during the boom. The thesis also provides an answer to critiques of the Austrian business cycle theory by proponents of the rational expectations hypothesis. Furthermore, a critique of traditional national income accounting measures, namely GDP, is put forward. These measures fail to adequately show the described cyclical changes in the economy's productive structure, e.g. the artificial boom and subsequent correction. Gross domestic revenue (GDR) is proposed as an alternative measure that adds the expenditure on intermediate products back to GDP. In the last part of the thesis GDR is calculated for the Czech economy.