The essay is based on textbook analysis with a qualitativ method from a gender perspective. The essay analyzes three selected textbooks which are all written after the latest release of the curriculum named GY11. In the essay have I been using a analysisinstrument called ”the genderstaircase”. The purpose of the study have been to examine what point of gender awarness the selected learning materials has with the help of the genderstaircase. My ambition is to complete the genderstaircase with other theories to enhance the results. The result showed that two of three textbooks passed the demands of the curriculum GY11.

Masters in Public Administration - MPA / South Africa has undergone a process of dramatic change since the first democratic elections of 1994, notably so in the area of gender equity in public life. The struggles and demands of women during the constitutional process have resulted in an unprecedented 31,5 % representation of women in Parliament, the highest in Africa.

The demand for labour force in the European building industry has increased in recent years due to the constant migrations and the need to provide housing, schools and hospitals to accommodate this growing population. Due to this scenario and to governmental policies that were created to supply this need, Swedish building companies want to recruit more female employees in particular. The purpose of this case study is to investigate whether, and if so how, the building company NCC uses its external communication to strategically attract more women to the industry. Our research was of a qualitative nature. We analysed, with the help of a Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis approach, recruitment materials and job advertisements published on the company’s homepage, in order to demonstrate how men and women are represented in NCC’s recruitment communication and in which way the company communicates specifically to women. We have also analysed which aspects of the company’s recruitment communication were appealing to women, through focus group interviews made with female engineering students. As theoretical ground for this case study we have chosen previous research and literature in the fields of organizational communication, employer branding, decoding in communication processes, gender studies, stereotyping and gender aware recruitment. The findings in this study show that both men and women are represented in NCC’s recruitment communication, but that a bigger focus is placed on the visual representation of women.  NCC strategically aims at attracting women both in the way female workers are visually portrayed on the homepage but even in the wording found in the company’s recruitment texts and job advertisements. This targeted communication does not reach its full potential in terms of attractiveness to women though, perhaps due to the rather cosmetic visual representation of the company’s work environment, as well as the lack of personal connection that is made between the portrayed employees and the potential job candidates.

<p>On May 1st 2004 the European Union was enlarged with ten new countries. Eight of these share a common background as satellite states of the former Soviet Union and today three more are candidate countries for an EU membership. These countries share a state-communist past. In terms of gender equality this affects the countries’ norms regarding gender and the conception of equality between the sexes. The EU has an outspoken commitment to gender equality and has throughout the years developed a number of Equal Opportunity Policies to combat the problem with gender discrimination within the EU. What happens when the EU is implementing these policies into the former communist countries and norms from two different environments meet? T</p><p>he thesis aim to critically review and discuss EU equal opportunity policies concerning the labour market in the former communist countries from perspectives of neo-institutionalist and contemporary feminist theory. The discussion concern obstacles to change and the creation of norms regarding gender equality, and whether the specific background (the communist experience) shared by the countries of the Eastern Europe might have implications for the process. </p><p>The thesis uses a multi strategy approach, combining text studies, interviews and quantitative data. The analytical framework consists of concepts relating to change and norm formation from cultural neo-institutionalism and a feminist perspective. The input consists of the present rules and roles in the former communist countries and the existing EU equal opportunity policies. The situation that appears when the perspectives meet is analysed from a critical feminist perspective based on modern debates regarding the east-west dichotomy within the school of feminism. By adding concept of change from the school of cultural neo-institutionalism the situation can be evaluated from a norm creating perspective. This creates an opportunity to discuss potential future scenarios. </p><p>The findings of the thesis show that there is a significant difference between the theoretical foundation for a discussion on gender equality between the EU15 and the CEEC11. This is reflected in a lack of gender awareness in the CEEC11 acknowledged by both NGOs and EU officials. The implication of this is that the EU is challenged to make the public aware of the importance of these values. They are forced to create a change in the norms governing gender equality in the CEEC11. However, the findings also show that the EU is somewhat uncritical towards its own role as the norm shaper in the process. There is a need for the European Commission to reflect over the present equal opportunity policies in order to create sustainable change. If the EU fail to do so it will most likely be the uncontested norm-holder and socialisation ceases to be a two way process. The consequence may be ineffective policies.</p>

<p>Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka variationen i pedagogers uppfattningar om genusmedvetenhet och begreppet genus. Fokus har legat på pedagoger i förskola, skola och fritidshem. I studien redovisas olika forskares syn på begreppet genus och relevant forskning om genusmedvetenhet presenteras. Undersökningen är inspirerad av den fenomenografiska forskningsansatsen och en öppen intervjuform har använts. Resultatet har sedan kategoriserats i kvalitativt skilda kategorier. De fem kategorier som sammanfattar uppfattningarna om begreppet genus är:</p><p><em>Genus är ett förhållande mellan könen, Genus är jämställdhet, Genus är jämlikhet, Genus är det kvinnliga och det manliga och <em>Genus är att vara genusmedveten. De fyra kategorier som sammanfattar uppfattningarna om genusmedvetenhet är: <em>Pedagogen reflekterar och diskuterar, Pedagogens påverkan på barnens omgivning, Pedagogens möte med barnen och <em>Pedagogen för tanken om genus vidare. Studien resulterade i en stor variation av uppfattningar, både vad gäller genusmedvetenhet och begreppet genus. </em></em></em></em></p>

On May 1st 2004 the European Union was enlarged with ten new countries. Eight of these share a common background as satellite states of the former Soviet Union and today three more are candidate countries for an EU membership. These countries share a state-communist past. In terms of gender equality this affects the countries’ norms regarding gender and the conception of equality between the sexes. The EU has an outspoken commitment to gender equality and has throughout the years developed a number of Equal Opportunity Policies to combat the problem with gender discrimination within the EU. What happens when the EU is implementing these policies into the former communist countries and norms from two different environments meet? T he thesis aim to critically review and discuss EU equal opportunity policies concerning the labour market in the former communist countries from perspectives of neo-institutionalist and contemporary feminist theory. The discussion concern obstacles to change and the creation of norms regarding gender equality, and whether the specific background (the communist experience) shared by the countries of the Eastern Europe might have implications for the process. The thesis uses a multi strategy approach, combining text studies, interviews and quantitative data. The analytical framework consists of concepts relating to change and norm formation from cultural neo-institutionalism and a feminist perspective. The input consists of the present rules and roles in the former communist countries and the existing EU equal opportunity policies. The situation that appears when the perspectives meet is analysed from a critical feminist perspective based on modern debates regarding the east-west dichotomy within the school of feminism. By adding concept of change from the school of cultural neo-institutionalism the situation can be evaluated from a norm creating perspective. This creates an opportunity to discuss potential future scenarios. The findings of the thesis show that there is a significant difference between the theoretical foundation for a discussion on gender equality between the EU15 and the CEEC11. This is reflected in a lack of gender awareness in the CEEC11 acknowledged by both NGOs and EU officials. The implication of this is that the EU is challenged to make the public aware of the importance of these values. They are forced to create a change in the norms governing gender equality in the CEEC11. However, the findings also show that the EU is somewhat uncritical towards its own role as the norm shaper in the process. There is a need for the European Commission to reflect over the present equal opportunity policies in order to create sustainable change. If the EU fail to do so it will most likely be the uncontested norm-holder and socialisation ceases to be a two way process. The consequence may be ineffective policies.

Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka variationen i pedagogers uppfattningar om genusmedvetenhet och begreppet genus. Fokus har legat på pedagoger i förskola, skola och fritidshem. I studien redovisas olika forskares syn på begreppet genus och relevant forskning om genusmedvetenhet presenteras. Undersökningen är inspirerad av den fenomenografiska forskningsansatsen och en öppen intervjuform har använts. Resultatet har sedan kategoriserats i kvalitativt skilda kategorier. De fem kategorier som sammanfattar uppfattningarna om begreppet genus är: Genus är ett förhållande mellan könen, Genus är jämställdhet, Genus är jämlikhet, Genus är det kvinnliga och det manliga och Genus är att vara genusmedveten. De fyra kategorier som sammanfattar uppfattningarna om genusmedvetenhet är: Pedagogen reflekterar och diskuterar, Pedagogens påverkan på barnens omgivning, Pedagogens möte med barnen och Pedagogen för tanken om genus vidare. Studien resulterade i en stor variation av uppfattningar, både vad gäller genusmedvetenhet och begreppet genus.

In the welfare state classification in which Sweden is found housing is not fully included as a key element which implies some difficulties when analyzing equality in the Swedish housing market. Furthermore, the Swedish housing market is shifting towards becoming more marketoriented which has indicated that housing is becoming more of an individual responsibility rather than a key element supplied from the state. When it comes to the Swedish gender equality work this needs to be further problematized as it has become a norm in Swedish policy that does not reflect reality. The purpose of this study is therefore to analyze if and how the aspect of gender equality is incorporated in the work with the public housing market as well as if there are different views towards the subject in the study area of Västerbotten County. By using a short survey and stakeholder interviews, data has been collected providing empirical data regarding gender equality in relation to the public housing market across the study area. The result shows some uncertainties and different views towards the subject of gender equality in relation to the public housing market across the municipalities in Västerbotten County. These uncertainties take form as some informants does not fully understand how gender equality and the public housing market is connected to each other and as there seem to be a lack of information which needs to spread within the municipalities. Furthermore, the informants problematize some underlying norms when planning for housing that needs to be reconsidered in order to create inclusiveness in the public housing market across the county. Otherwise, the planning process might end up creating a future exclusion of those not fitting into these norms. It is therefore important to always view the gender equality work as a continuous process. / Bostadsmarknadsanalys över Västerbottens län 2018

This thesis consists of two essays and an introduction. The main theme is gender awareness in technology education and the theoretical standpoint is gender theory. The first essay examines the subject of technology in compulsory school, scrutinizes the status of gender awareness in technology education and what methods are used to break gender boundaries. By observations, interviews and questionnaire pupils’, teachers’ and school leaders’ apprehensions of technology and technology education are examined. The gender issue is known to everyone, but awareness in strategies and education methods is rather deficient. The already rather invisible subject of technology, lack of qualifications among teachers, material and methods obstructs gender awareness. To make changes the school leader has a key position. The second essay considers gender oriental recruitment actions for increasing the number of female students in higher technology education. The actions have been governmental, from the profession and from local schools. By literature studies actions are mapped and organized according to their physical and structural arena. Five arenas have been identified: square, mass, entrance, class room and board room. Actions at public arenas aimed to increase interest and change attitudes dominate. Structural actions, preferably initiated from the government, have been tried, often with good results. These actions challenge the power system at the board room and class room and are therefore met with resistance. / <p>QC 20130604</p>

When it comes to gender equality and education, teachers become the influential element of change as their proximity and classroom interactions with students can facilitate more gender sensitive teaching. This thesis aims to investigate the efforts made by India and Sweden to teach their teachers about gender and intersectional practices and sensitivity training and then analyse what one system can borrow from the other, while investigating the role of geo-politics in all of these. The thesis looks at efforts in forms of guidelines, strategies, and manuals that come from each country. The material is read closely, analysed, and then compared to determine what can be borrowed for both. The thesis presents its analysis from the theoretical lens of gender and intersectionality, transnational feminism, and decolonial feminism. The implications of this thesis are tangible as well as intangible, however - the biggest one is building a bridge between two countries to share knowledge and strategies in order to bring about a change in education systems which will ultimately create a ripple effect of gender awareness