African American women living in the U.S. face immense challenges to protect themselves from HIV infection. One in every 32 African American women is diagnosed with the disease and heterosexual contact is the primary mode of transmission. A better understanding of the African American woman’s beliefs and decisions related to safe sex practices can give direction to strategies to promote safer sexual behaviors. The purpose of this study was to explore the association of the African American woman’s attitudinal beliefs, normative beliefs, and relationship control beliefs with self-reported sexual behaviors. The Theory of Planned Behavior served as the study’s theoretical framework, supporting the premise beliefs are precursors to explanations and understanding human behavior. Using a cross-sectional, correlational design, a convenience sample of 95 African American women from the southeastern United States was obtained. Results confirmed a statistically significant 1) positive relationship between gender role beliefs and relationship power, (r = 0.354, p < .001); 2) negative relationship between gender ratio imbalance beliefs and relationship power, (r = -0.472, p < 0.001); 3) positive association between relationship power and avoidance of risky sexual behavior, (r = 0.340, p = 0.001); 4) negative correlation between gender ratio imbalance beliefs and risky sexual behaviors, (r = -0.235, p = 0.022); and 5) positive correlation between safer sexual behavior and peer perceptions of safer sex behaviors, (r = 0.475, p < 0.001). Results from a stepwise multiple regression indicated that relationship power (p = 0.001) and peer perception (p < 0.001) were significant predictors of sexual behavior, accounting for 31% (p < 0.001) of the variance.

The aim of the present study was to develop two conceptual frameworks / that are antecedents of family-to-work conflict and enhancement in the family domian, and antecedents of work-to-family conflict and enhancement in the work domain / and to test the relationships that are proposed by these frameworks. A pilot study was conducted with 73 career people to investigate the psychometric qualities of the adapted or constructed measures. The main study was conducted with 293 married career people. Results supported some of the hypotheses. In the family-to-work framework, gender role ideology, family salience, perceptions of family/home demands and core self-ealuations predicted family-to-work conflict. Furthermore, direct effects of family salience and core self-evaluations on family-to-work enhancement were found. In the work-to-family framework, work salience predicted both work-to-family conflict and work-to-family enhancement. In addition, core self evaluations moderated the relationship between subjective work demands and work-to-family conflict and between subjective work demands and work-tofamily enhancement.

The struggles of Latino males along the education pipeline have been well documented in recent history. Despite this increased research focus, gaps continue to exist in the literature on Latino males in education settings. Currently, the literature predominately centers on the Latino male experience in the K-12, community college, and 4-year college environments. The educational experiences of Latino males in doctoral education settings have not yet been presented. This study examines and provides insight into the Latino male doctoral student journey by detailing Latino male doctoral student experiences and perceptions at a predominately White, research-intensive, public university. In light of the deficit model research surrounding men of color, it is imperative to present the narratives of successful, high achieving Latino males along their pursuit of a doctoral degree. This study critically examines the experiences and perceptions of Latino males in pursuit of a PhD within the humanities or social sciences at a predominately White, research-intensive, public university. The mission of the study was to shed light on thematic influences, factors, and emotions that led these individuals to take interest and pursue a doctoral degree. The study's findings are presented under the lens of Latino critical race theory and gender role conflict in order to develop a thorough understanding of the internal and external influences on the Latino male doctoral student experience. My dissertation's unique contributions are its addition of the Latino male doctoral student experience to the literature on Latino males in educational contexts. Furthermore, this study's unique contributions include a new perspective on how Latino males perceive their gender roles and responsibilities as successful doctoral students. The Latino male doctoral students in this study displayed resilience during moments of vulnerability and embrace responsibility during challenging circumstances. These actions were efforts to maintain control of their doctoral education experience and to create a new image for Latino masculinity. As the findings indicate, the Latino male doctoral student experience at a large predominately White, research-intensive, public university is filled with complexity, adversity, and determination. / text

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

The purpose of this study was to examine group perpetrated antigay violence. Specifically, the effects of MGRS, peer dynamics, and increases in negative affect on antigay aggression were examined. The differential utility of aggression toward gay and heterosexual targets in relieving a state of negative affect (e.g., anger, fear) was also evaluated. Participants completed questionnaires that included a measure of MGRS, and then were assigned to one of three group conditions(individual, stranger, and friend). Participants then viewed a video depicting male-male intimacy and competed in the TAP against either a fictitious gay or heterosexual opponent. Results showed a main effect for condition, such that higher levels of aggression were observed in the group, relative to the individual, conditions. Analyses also revealed a significant positive relation between MGRS and aggression among participants competing with a stranger against a heterosexual opponent. Neither condition nor opponent differentially predicted changes in negative affect.

Successful leadership is the dream of all the students of leadership for which various elements including personality, skills, vision etc. are mentioned by various scholars and researchers, but what is interesting to acknowledge is that all these elements are a manifest of the moment that alter the identity of an ordinary person into a successful leader. These moments are known to be called crucible of leadership.Crucible has a strong connection to the leadership but the mystery of what shapes these crucibles is an ever going process of research and narration. The fascination with studying the recipe of crucible is built on the foundation of my own crucible of leadership that shaped my skills and vision. Considering that, I decided to explore the recipe of crucible for what is close to me and for which I have the most knowledge about, I was ascertain to produce an informative piece of document for the readers with good authenticity and reality in my work. For this purpose I chose to explore the recipe of crucible for Pakistani female leaders.In the crucible of leadership, one of the most important element that plays role is the antecedents of a life story that builds a way to crucible and successful leadership. Thus, my focus of this study was to explore and narrate such antecedents that are the prime source of crucible of leadership for successful Pakistani female leaders. In order to do so, I had to get deep knowledge of the personal life of Pakistani female leaders, which I did by studying their biographies and testimonial accounts building a theory of antecedents as recipe of crucible through the approach of grounded theory.My qualitative analysis and sound coding, suggested a theory that, the most essential antecedents that hasn’t change in generation for Pakistani female leadership are the family antecedents (education, gender equality and a strong belief on principles) and social antecedents (lack of social acceptance), participating highest in shaping the crucible. Whereas, religion is a supportive antecedent but is not significantly impacting the crucible of leadership, as is widely perceived in the world. Furthermore, I concluded my study with highlighting the factor of patriarchy and role expectancy as the major hindrance in the successful female leadership in Pakistan.

Thesis (M.S.)--Miami University, Dept. of Family Studies and Social Work, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 31-35).

This research is a qualitative study that explores the gender role ideology of Black and White men between the ages of 18-30. The study found that both groups are moving toward egalitarianism on different pathways. The pathways illustrate the effect of racial identity on gender role ideology. White respondents had a progressive egalitarianism which stemmed from ideas reflected individualism, secularization, and the identification with the grand narrative of the United States. Their respondents also reflected postmodern ideas. Overall their ideas reflect larger White racial identity and shows an overlap between the progressive understanding of modernity and with postmodernist ideas of non-deterministic definitions. Black respondents had a collaborative egalitarianism which stemmed from historical racial and economic deprivation. Subsequently, Blacks gender role ideology illustrates collaboration and communal interdependence between of Black men and women, and the Black church. Blacks tended to view things from a social perspective that was often reactionary. Overall, their ideas reflected the larger Black racial identity which emphasizes collaboration between men and women and a reliance on community based institutions like the Black church.

Cover Story is a project, which students at Lillholms - and Ekholms School worked in during spring and fall of 2009. Several school subjects were integrated in project; social studies, art and Swedish, to empower the students to create, implement and design a magazine. The purpose of the project was to give the students the opportunity to fantasize about the future and their dreams by creating their very own Cover Story. During the project I realized that the student’s selection of magazine genre had a direct relation to the gender of the students themselves. The boys mostly chose motor and car sports magazines as their Cover Story. The girls on the other hand preferred to choose dog and fashion magazines. Today there are an endless number of magazines in different interests, genres and professions. For instance, the magazine called Frida, which is directed to young girls, writes about various music groups, trends and gossip. The magazine called Autobilsport, which is mostly directed to men, covers news about upcoming cars and the latest audio equipment. In other words, there is a notion of masculinity and femininity even in the selection of magazines. My natural interest of this behaviour drove me to further study the subject and to get closure to this already started work. This study is written in order to analyze students' and teachers' thoughts about the gender aspect in relation to the project. The method used to collect data and information has been through interviews, questionnaire surveys and field observations. All materials have been developed in order to give deeper answers to the questions sought. The answers that emerged have then been analyzed in relation to selected theories. Whether the gender has been a significant factor in the students' choice of a Cover Story is difficult to answer. During the investigation it was discovered that the students themselves led their choice not only according to their interests and dreams, but also according to the selection of magazines that were at hand. The teachers argued that ideas are everywhere in society and not only in newspapers. However, the teachers have not been allowed to challenge or encourage students' choice of Cover Story. / Cover Story är ett projekt, som elever på Lillholms – och Ekholmsskolan arbetade med, under våren och hösten 2009. I projektet integrerades olika skolämnen som: samhällskunskap, bild och svenska, för att eleverna skulle kunna skapa, göra och designa en egen tidskrift. Projektets syfte var att eleverna skulle få fantisera över framtiden och sina drömmar genom att skapa en alldeles egen Cover Story. Under projektets gång upplevde jag att genus var en tydlig förekommande företeelse, i samband med elevernas val av tidskriftsgenre. Pojkarna valde till mestadels motor- och bilsporttidningar som deras Cover Story. Flickorna däremot valde gärna hund- och modemagasin. Idag finns oändligt många tidskrifter inom olika intressen, genre och yrkeskategorier som till exempel Frida, som skriver om olika musikgrupper, trender, skvaller och riktas till unga tjejer. Ett annat exempel är Autobilsport, som skriver om kommande bilar, senaste ljudutrustning och riktas oftast till män. Med andra ord finns en föreställning om manligt och kvinnligt även i valet av tidskrifter. Att forska vidare föll mig ganska naturligt, för att få möjlighet att avsluta ett påbörjat arbete. Denna studie är skriven i syfte att analysera elevers och lärares tankar kring genusaspekten i relation till projektet. Metoden som använts för att samla data och information, har varit intervjuer, enkätundersökning och fältobservationer. Allt material har tagits fram i syfte att ge djupare svar på de frågor som ställts. De svar som framkommit har sedan analyserats i förhållande till utvalda teorier. Huruvida genus styrt elevernas val av Cover Story, är svårt att besvara. I samband med undersökningen har det framkommit att eleverna själva styrt sina val utifrån de tidningsurval som funnits till hands, men också utifrån sina intressen och drömmar. Lärarna menade dock att föreställningar finns överallt i samhället och inte bara i tidningar, dock har de inte fått ifrågasätta eller uppmuntra elevernas val av Cover Story. / Cover Story

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