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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
71

Ras signalling pathway and MLL-rearranged leukaemias

Ng, Ming-him., 吳明謙. January 2006 (has links)
published_or_final_version / abstract / Pathology / Master / Master of Philosophy
72

Double-stranded RNA induced gene silencing of neuropeptide genes in sand shrimp, Metapenaeus ensis and development of crustacean primarycell culture

Guan, Haoji., 關浩基. January 2006 (has links)
published_or_final_version / abstract / Zoology / Master / Master of Philosophy
73

Gene organization of the lobster (Homarus americanus) Gonad inhibitinghormone, and its functional analysis in relation to vitellogenesis byRNA interference

So, King-yip, Ken., 蘇景業. January 2008 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Biological Sciences / Master / Master of Philosophy
74

Curcumin inhibits cell migration of nasopharyngeal carcinoma through reactivation of e-cadherin expression

Chan, Wing-san, 陳詠珊 January 2009 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Surgery / Master / Master of Philosophy
75

ROLES OF MICRORNAS IN PLANT ABIOTIC STRESS, DEVELOPMENT AND VIRAL INFECTION

Mendu, Venugopal 01 January 2008 (has links)
Plant microRNAs play important roles in plant growth and development. Here we investigated the roles of miRNAs in the plant abiotic stress, development and viral infection. MicroRNA membrane array analysis using five different abiotic stress treatments resulted in the identification of 8 novel stress inducible miRNA-families. Functional studies on novel stress inducible miR168 revealed its functional relation with abiotic stress. Over expression of miR168 in Arabidopsis showed upregulation of four stress related miRNAs (miR163, miR167, miR398 and miR408). Analysis of 9 independent transgenic lines showed induction of miR398, an oxidative stress responsive miRNA with a corresponding down regulation of its target genes. Heavy metal oxidative stress tolerance bioassays confirmed the susceptibility of transgenics compared to the wild types indicating the fact that the miR168 is indirectly involved in plant abiotic stress by inducing other stress responsive miRNAs. MicroRNAs are highly conserved across the plant kingdom. A miRNA atlas was drafted for different tomato organs and fruit stages using the known miRNA sequences from different plants species. A large variation in both number and level of miRNA expression pattern was observed among different organs as well as among fruit stages. In the present investigation, we have found a window of expression for different miRNAs during the fruit development. A gradual decrease in the expression levels of miR160h, miR167a and miR399d and a gradual increase in miR164a have been noticed towards the fruit maturation while miR398b showed dual peaks during fruit development indicating a potential role of various miRNAs in fruit development and maturation. Sonchus yellow net virus (SYNV) infected Nicotinana benthamiana leaves showed severe disease symptoms at two weeks post infection (WPI) and gradually recovered from the SYNV infection after 4-5 WPI correlating with the overall miRNA levels. The miRNA array and northern analysis showed an overall reduction of miRNA biogenesis during 2WPI followed by restoration to normal levels supporting the idea that the SYNV indeed interfered with the host miRNA levels which caused the symptoms and recovery phenotypes. Overall studies on plant abiotic stress, development and viral infection showed important roles of miRNAs in different aspects of plant life.
76

Investigating the roles of arabidopsis polycomb-group genes in regulating flowering time and during plant development by (I) challenging silencing and (II) developing approaches to dissect Pc-G action

Creasey, Kate M. January 2009 (has links)
Polycomb-group (Pc-G) proteins regulate homeotic gene silencing associated with the repressive covalent histone modification, trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3). Pc-G mediated silencing is believed to remodel chromatin, rendering target genes inaccessible to transcription factors. Pc-G mediated silencing might result in irreversible changes in chromatin structure, however, there has been little analysis addressing whether Pc-G mediated silencing is reversible. In this work we focused on CURLY LEAF (CLF), the first Pc-G homologue discovered in Arabidopsis. CLF mediated repression of the floral homeotic gene AGAMOUS (AG) was challenged during early and late leaf development. AG was activated by the late leaf promoter, revealing that Pc-G mediated silencing can be overcome in old leaves in the presence of CLF. AG was also activated in young leaf primordia, yet did not persist in older leaves, revealing that transient activation of a Pc-G target is not epigenetically stable. To address the mechanism of Pc-G action within an endogenous environment, the histone dynamics at the APETALA1 (AP1) locus were characterized by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation. Unexpectedly, we found that the activation of AP1 in leaves did not require the removal of H3K27me3, questioning whether H3K27me3 is sufficient to silence. The roles of CLF in leaf and flower development are masked due to partial redundancy with SWINGER (SWN). clf- swn- mutants form a callus-like mass on sterile-tissue culture with no distinguishable plant organs. The role of CLF in regulating flowering time in natural populations of A. thaliana was investigated by complementing clf- mutants with CLF alleles from two accessions. We found that natural variation in CLF did not affect flowering time. To dissect the roles of CLF and SWN in late leaf and flower development, two approaches were developed for targeted expression. Firstly, CLF was introduced into the LhG4/ pOp transactivation system to provide CLF during early plant development. For mosaic analysis, CLF was introduced into the CRE lox recombination system in order to create clf- sectors surrounded by CLF+ SWN+ and CLF+ swn- cells.
77

Genes de referência de Diaphorina citri para estudos de expressão gênica quantitativa e seu controle por RNAi em laranja doce / Diaphorina citri reference genes for quantitative gene expression studies and their control by RNAi in sweet orange

Bassan, Meire Menezes 16 May 2017 (has links)
O HLB tem sido uma das principais doenças responsáveis pelos prejuízos econômicos enfrentados na citricultura mundial. Essa doença é associada a três espécies de bactérias de colonização restrita ao floema das plantas, as quais são transmitidas pelo psilídeo Diaphorina citri. Uma vez que na?o ha? medidas curativas para a doenc?a, o manejo baseia-se em medidas preventivas incluindo o controle do inseto vetor. O silenciamento gênico por interferência de RNA (RNAi) é uma nova ferramenta biotecnológica no controle de pragas, pois, proporciona uma ação eficiente e gene-espécie específica. Entretanto, essa tecnologia depende de análises de expressão gênica com genes de referência adequados e estáveis. Este trabalho buscou selecionar e validar a estabilidade da expressão de seis genes de referência potenciais de D. citri sob diferentes condições experimentais e avaliar a biologia deste inseto em plantas transgênicas de laranja doce expressando dsRNA do gene DcV-ATPase-A visando o seu controle. Para isso, foram avaliados: 1) a estabilidade de seis genes candidatos a referência: fator de elongação 1alfa (EF 1-α), actina (ACT), gliceradeído-3-fosfato desidrogenase (GAPDH), proteina ribossomal L7 (RPL7), proteina ribossomal L17 (RPL17) e alfa tubulina (TUB), através de diferentes algorítimos matemáticos: Delta Ct, NormFinder, BestKeeper e Genorm em cinco estádios de desenvolvimento (Ninfas de 1° e 2° ínstar; Ninfa de 3° ínstar; Ninfas de 4° e 5° ínstar , Adulto de 1 dia; Adulto de 10 dias) e dois hospedeiros (Citrus sinensis e Murraya paniculata). O ranquamento final dos genes foi obtido através do RefFinder e a validação dos mesmos através do gene V-ATPase-A; 2) a sobrevivência de psilídeos adultos alimentados em plantas transgênicas; a biologia da D. citri em plantas transgênicas expressando o dsRNA do gene DcV-ATPase-A; e a expressão relativa deste gene. Recomenda-se a utilização de dois genes de referência quando consideram-se diferentes hospedeiros e fases de desenvolvimento distintas. Para análise de expressão gênica, independentemente da fase de desenvolvimento do inseto, quando utiliza-se M. paniculata como hospedeiro de criação, recomenda-se a utilização dos genes GAPDH e RPL7, enquanto que para C. sinensis sugerem-se os genes GAPDH e EF 1-α. Os bioensaios demonstraram a internalização pelo inseto das moléculas de dsRNA/siRNA produzidas pelas plantas transgênicas e o potencial de redução da expressão do gene alvo pelo RNAi. Apesar da ausência de fenótipo letal em psilídeos adultos alimentados nas plantas transgênicas, alterações significativas na duração, sobrevivência e longevidade foram verificadas em D. citri quando esta desenvolveu seu ciclo biológico nas plantas que expressam dsRNA do gene DcVAPTase-A. / HLB has been one of the main diseases responsible for the economic losses faced in the citriculture worldwide. This disease is associated to three species of colonization bacteria restricted to the phloem of the plants, which are transmitted by the psyllid Diaphorina citri. Since there are no curative methos for the disease, management is based on preventive methods including vector insect control. Gene silencing by RNA interference (RNAi) has been presented as a new biotechnological tool in pest control, since it provides a efficient and especific gene-specie control. However, this technology depends on analyzes of gene expression with suitable and stable reference genes. Thus, this work aimed to select and validate the stability of the expression of six potential reference genes of D. citri under different experimental conditions and to evaluate the biology of this insect on sweet orange transgenic plants expressing dsRNA of DcV-ATPase-A gene aiming their control. In order to do this, it was evaluated: 1) the stability of six candidate reference genes: elongation factor 1 alpha (EF 1-α), actin (ACT), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), ribosomal protein L7 (RPL7), ribosomal protein L17 (RPL17) e alpha tubulin (TUB), through different mathematical algorithms: Delta Ct, NormFinder, BestKeeper and Genorm in five developmental stages and two hosts (Citrus sinensis and Murraya paniculata). The final rank was obtained through the RefFinder and validated by the V-ATPase-A gene; 2) the survival of adult psyllids fed on transgenic plants; the biology of D. citri in transgenic plants expressing dsRNA of the DcV-ATPase-A gene; and the relative expression of this gene. According to our results, two reference genes are recommended when different hosts and different developmental stages are considered. For gene expression analysis, regardless the insect developmental stage, when using M. paniculata as a breeding host, it is recommended to use GAPDH and RPL7 genes, whereas for C. sinensis GAPDH and EF 1-α are indicated. The bioassays demonstrated the insect\'s internalization of the dsRNA / siRNA molecules produced by the transgenic plants and the potential for reducing the target gene expression by RNAi. Despite the absence of lethal phenotype in adult psyllids fed to transgenic plants, significant changes in duration, survival and longevity were observed for D. citri when it developed its biological cycle in plants that express dsRNA of the DcVAPTase-A gene.
78

Reação à infecção pelo vírus da tristeza dos citros (CTV) em plantas transgênicas de laranja \'Hamlin\' (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) expressando seqüências gênicas do CTV / Reaction to Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) infection of transgenic \'Hamlin\' sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) plants transformed with CTV genetic sequences

Souza, Amancio José de 12 June 2008 (has links)
O vírus da tristeza dos citros (CTV) é uma das maiores ameaças à citricultura mundial. No Brasil, mesmo com a pré-imunização e com a substituição de porta-enxertos, estirpes fortes de CTV ainda causam prejuízos consideráveis. Com o aparecimento da Morte Súbita dos Citros em 1999 e a possível relação desta doença com o CTV, este vírus voltou a figurar como patógeno de importância no cenário da citricultura brasileira. Uma das possíveis soluções para o controle de viroses em fruteiras é a obtenção de plantas transgênicas resistentes ou imunes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resistência ao CTV de plantas transgênicas de laranja \'Hamlin\' contendo três construções gênicas oriundas de seqüências do genoma do CTV. Estas construções gênicas visaram ativar rotas de RNAi (hairpin da capa protéica e seqüência conservada antisenso do CTV) e mecanismos de defesa relacionados à expressão da capa protéica do CTV. As plantas transgênicas foram desafiadas com uma estirpe fraca de CTV (CTV-IAC) por meio de borbulhas e pulgões pretos (Toxoptera citricida Kirkaldy) contendo o vírus. A avaliação da resistênica à replicação viral foi feita por análises de ELISA. As plantas transgênicas foram consideradas não resistentes à infecção e translocação viral quando inoculadas com borbulhas. Entretanto algumas plantas mostraram retardamento da infecção. Não foi possível determinar se houve resistência à transmissão de CTV por pulgões já que a técnica utilizada não foi capaz de infectar os controles de maneira uniforme. / The Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is one of the greatest threats to the citrus industry worldwide. In Brazil, CTV continues to cause damage through strong strains despite the use of techniques like cross-protection and substitution of intolerant rootstocks. With the appearance and spread of the Citrus Sudden Death disease in 1999 and its possible relation to CTV, this virus was again among important pathogens within the Brazilian citrus industry. One of the possible solutions for controlling virus diseases in fruit crops is the development of immune or resistant transgenic plants. The objective of this work was to evaluate the resistance to CTV of transgenic \'Hamlin\' sweet orange plants containing three transgenic constructs obtained from CTV genomic sequences. The genetic constructs used aimed to activate RNAi defense routes (coat protein hairpin and a conserved sequence from CTV) and resistance mechanisms related to the coat protein expression. The transgenic plants were challenged with a weak strain of CTV, CTV-IAC, by bud and aphid (Toxoptera citricida Kirkaldy) inoculation. The evaluation of viral replication was done by ELISA analysis. The transgenic plants were considered susceptible to viral replication and translocation when bud inoculated. However, a few plants showed retardation of infection. It was not possible to determine resistance in the aphid transmission assay since the controls were not uniformly inoculated.
79

RNAi para o controle de Tuta absoluta em tomateiro / RNAi for the control of Tuta absoluta in tomato plants

Camargo, Roberto de Almeida 31 January 2014 (has links)
Desde seu descobrimento, o fenômeno de silenciamento gênico por RNA (RNAi) rapidamente se tornou uma técnica amplamente estudada e utilizada nos mais diversos aspectos da biologia molecular. Uma destas possibilidades é sua aplicação no campo da entomologia agrícola, mais especificamente para o controle de insetos-praga como uma alternativa de alta eficiência, especificidade e com impacto ambiental reduzido. Por meio da geração de plantas transgênicas expressando RNAi para genes essenciais de insetos-praga específicos, a ingestão destas moléculas de RNAi pelo inseto mediante herbivoria pode resultar no silenciamento do respectivo gene, resultando em fenótipos que podem variar entre perda de apetite, infertilidade ou até a morte. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo provar a viabilidade de aplicação desta técnica para a interação Tomateiro x Tuta absoluta, cultura de grande expressão econômica e social no mercado nacional e internacional e que é amplamente atacada por esta praga, com prejuizos que podem alcançar a ordem dos 100% da produção. Por meio da clonagem de genes ortólogos essenciais descritos na literatura e de genes altamente expressos nos primeiros estádios larvais, após a caracterização transcriptômica em escala do inseto, foram realizados ensaios de alimentação contendo moléculas de dsRNAs que possuíam estes genes como alvo. Também, foi realizado a transformação genética de tomateiro cultivar \"Micro-Tom\" com dois destes genes (V-ATPase A e Arginina kinase) para a realização de ensaios de herbivoria. Com os resultados obtidos nestes experimentos, foram mostradas sólidas evidências da viabilidade da técnica de RNAi para o controle de Tuta absoluta, evidenciado pelo silenciamento gênico específico observado no inseto e consequentemente os efeitos nocivos deste silenciamento. / Since their discovery, the phenomenon of gene silencing by RNA ( RNAi ) has rapidly become a widely studied and used technique in the molecular biological field. One of these possible applications is in the entomology field, more specifically for the control of insect pests, as a high efficiency, specificity and with reduced environmental impact alternative. Through the generation of transgenic plants expressing dsRNA targeting essential insect genes, their ingestion by the insect and consequently the uptake of the silencing RNA, may result in specific gene silencing, resulting in a variety of phenotypes that can range from loss of appetite, infertility to death. In this context, this study aimed to prove the feasibility of this technique to control tomato leaf miner (Tuta absoluta) in tomatoes plant, a major crop worldwide and seriously attacked by this pest, with losses that can reach 100%. For the present work, orthologous genes from successfully cases of insect gene silence described in the literature, was selected together with highly expressed genes in the early larval stages of T. absoluta, chosen after the insect molecular characterization and used in feeding assays with dsRNAs molecules to targeted these genes. Also, genetic transformation of the \"Micro-Tom\" tomato cultivar with two of these genes (V-ATPase and Arginine kinase) was conducted for testing in an herbivore assay. With these two approaches was possible to get solid evidences of the feasibility of the RNAi technique to control this insect, evidenced by specific gene silencing observed and its consequent effect on pest phenotype.
80

Silenciamento gênico via RNAi visando o controle da broca da cana-de-açúcar (Diatraea saccharalis) / Silencing genes by RNAi for the control sugarcane borer (Diatraea saccharalis)

Bardella, Daniela Zardini 13 November 2015 (has links)
A cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.) é uma importante cultura na produção de alimentos e energia. Várias espécies de insetos podem causar sérios prejuízos econômicos à cultura da cana-de-açúcar. A broca da cana-de-açúcar (Diatraea saccharalis) é a praga de maior relevância por estar amplamente distribuída nas regiões canavieiras. O silenciamento gênico por RNA de interferência (RNAi) se tornou uma técnica amplamente estudada e utilizada nos mais diversos aspectos da biologia. Uma de suas aplicações é no controle de insetos-praga como uma alternativa de alta eficiência, especificidade e reduzido impacto ambiental. A ingestão de moléculas de RNA dupla fita (dsRNA) com identidade a regiões de genes essenciais de insetos-praga pode resultar no silenciamento destes genes, levando a fenótipos deficientes. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo buscar genes alvos para o silenciamento com potencial para impedir o desenvolvimento normal da D. saccharalis e estabelecer uma forma de entrega do dsRNA eficiente para o teste de genes, visando assim validar o uso da técnica para a espécie. Por meio da clonagem de regiões de genes ortólogos já utilizados como alvo de silencimento em outras espécies de insetos (V-ATPase A, Receptor de Ecdisona e Arginina Kinase), e de genes com função específica identificadas após a caracterização do transcritoma de D. saccharalis (Juvenile Hormone Epoxide Hydrolase, Neverland e Quitina Sintase) foram conduzidos ensaios de RNAi. Foram realizados ensaios de dose resposta para o gene V-ATPaseem lagartas neonatas, onde a concentração selecionada por causar melhor redução na expressão do gene alvo foi de 2,5 µg µL-1. Esta concentração foi então utilizada em ensaios de alimentação para os outros genes. Os genes V-ATPase A, receptor de Ecdisona, Arginina Kinase, Juvenile Hormone Epoxide Hydrolase e Quitina Sintase apresentaram redução significativa no número de transcritos em larvas, demonstrando a viabilidade do uso de RNAi em D. saccharalisneonatas. O gene Neverland não demonstrou redução no acúmulo de transcritos nas condições trabalhadas. O gene GFP inicialmente utilizado como controle negativo apresentou variação na expressão de genes alvo, sendo desconsiderado como bom controle para D. saccharalis. O silenciamento dos genes alvo requer quantidades elevadas de dsRNA, superiores aos obtidos por transcrição in vitro, o que limita a viabilidade de ensaios com maiores replicatas e para determinar efeitos biológico. Alternativas de produção de dsRNA devem ser avaliadas para viabilizar a seleção de genes alvo efetivos / Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is an important crop for the production of food and bioenergy. Many insect species can cause economic losses in sugarcane. The sugarcane borer (Diatraea saccharalis) is the most important sugarcane pest, because it occurs in all production regions. Gene silencing by RNA interference (RNAi) rapidly became a widely investigated approach, adopted in various aspects of biology. One of the potential applications of RNAi is agricultural pest control, as an alternative with high efficiency, specificity and reduced environmental impact. The ingestion of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules with identity to regions of essential genes of the insect-pest can result in the target gene knock-down and, consequently, to deficient phenotypes. In the present work, target genes with the potential to affect the normal development of D. saccharaliswere searched, together with an efficient dsRNA delivery approach to test the target-genes to validate the use of the RNAi in D. saccharalis. Based on degenerated primers, expressed orthologous genes previously tested in other insect species (V-ATPase A, Ecdisone Receptor, and Arginine Kinase) were cloned,whilegenes with specific function (Juvenile Hormone Epoxide Hydrolase, Neverland, and Chitin Synthase) were identified from an in-house assembled transcriptome of D. saccharalis and cloned. A dose-response assay was conducted using the V-ATPase gene region delivered by droplets to neonate larvae, and the 2.5 µg µL-1dsRNA concentration was selected for further tests. This concentration was then used to deliver the other genes. The dsRNA version from the genes V-ATPase A, Ecdisone Receptor, Arginine Kinase, Juvenile Hormone Epoxide Hydrolase and Chitin Synthaseexhibited a significant reduction in the accumulation of transcripts, indicating the viability of RNAi to D. saccharalis in 1st instar larvae. The Neverland gene was not silenced by RNAi in the used conditions. The dsRNA of the Green Fluorescent Protein gene, used as negative control appeared to affectother gene targets. Target gene silencing require large amounts of dsRNA, more than what is achievable by in vitro transcription, which limits the viability to conduct large assays with more replicates and to determine biological effects. Alternatives to produce dsRNA need to be evaluated to enable the selection of effective target genes

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