In this study we have aimed to explore how participation and self-determination is implemented in the daily life of disabled people who receive support through LSS. The questions addressed concern possibilities/obstacles for the participation and selfdetermination of disabled people who live in group housings, and how the terms participation and self-determination are realized. Nine interviews have taken place with staff members and directors of different group housings. We have found that the interviewees believe that the nature of a person’s disability can be a barrier to the individual’s self-determination and participation in his or her everyday life. For individuals with more severe disabilities, the interviewees find that the use of different communication aids, such as sign language and pictures, can facilitate the communication between all parts involved, and make it easier for the wishes of the individual to reach through to the staff/directors. Sometimes the interviewees’ opinions of what is a healthy life does not correspond with the wishes of the individual. When this occurs we have found examples of the staff putting up boundaries for the individual’s self-determination, and instances in which the staff takes on a more passive role and lets the individual make his or her own decisions even if the staff does not necessarily believe them to be good ones.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand how elderly peoples` right to participate is revealed in care plans and through contact persons in Swedish community nursing homes in order to shed light on and participate in creating knowledge concerning the phenomena participation and care plans.  Method: A qualitative approach was used in this study with semi-structured interviews and document analysis as a base. In order to gain empirical data six contact persons from two different nursing homes in the same community were interviewed and eight care plans examined. Theory: The theoretical points used to understand the empirical data were Foucaults` theory about power and different theoretical phrases related to power as following: Professional power, relatives` power, client power and resource power. Results: The results show that there is a gap between how elderly peoples` wishes concerning care planning are documented in care plans and expressed by contact persons. Elderly peoples´ possibilities to participate in care planning depend on a variety of aspects like their will and ability to communicate, economic situation, relatives` involvement, time, care plans, amount of ordinary staff and staffs` strategies to explore elderly peoples` wishes in order to allow them to participate in establishing their care plan.

I en rapport från 2005 framtagen av FoU-Väst i samverkan med Centrum för management i byggsektorn (CMB) konstateras att en betydande del av allt slöseri i byggsektorn är kopplat till fel och konsekvenserna av dessa, med andra ord felkostnader. Studien visar att felkostnader står för cirka 10 % av ett projekts produktionskostnad.   Byggsektorn står nu, år 2012, inför förändringar i sitt arbetssätt för att minska antalet fel, öka kvaliteten och effektiviteten. BIM – Building Information Modeling, möjliggör ett smartare sätt att skapa, använda och förvalta information genom hela bygg- och förvaltningsprocessen. BIM ger möjligheten att anpassa informationen i varje delprocess och därigenom effektivisera arbetet. Det nya arbetssättet innebär ett livscykeltänk där information används på ett systematiskt och kvalitetssäkrat sätt i en objektbaserad 3D-modell.  Studiens syfte är att fastställa vilka arbetssätt som behöver förändras för att implementera BIM i ett av Skanskas distrikt i regionen Hus Stockholm Ombyggnad samt fastställa vilka kostnadsbesparingar beställare gör tack vare implementeringen. BIM består av mer än en datamodell. För att uppnå de nyttor BIM kan ge krävs förändrade processer och gemensamma begreppsmodeller. Processerna, organisationen och modelleringen av produkten måste planeras noggrant. Detta medför att mer resurser läggs i ett tidigt skede i projekteringen vilket krävs för att kravspecifikationen ska uppfyllas i ett BIM-projekt. Flera respondenter i studien ger uttryck för att fler och/eller utförligare informationsleveranser i systemskedet skulle höja kvaliteten på bygghandlingarna. Studien konstaterar att BIM-projektering kräver ett nära och öppet samarbete mellan, de för BIM-användingen aktuella aktörerna. / In a 2005 report written by FoU-Väst in collaboration with Centrum för management i byggsektorn (CMB) it is determined that a significant proportion of wastage in the construction sector is linked to defects and their impact, in other words costs of errors. The study shows that these costs are accounting for about 10 % of a project´s production costs.  Construction sector now, in 2012, face changes in their ways of working to reduce errors, increase quality and efficiency. BIM - Building Information Modeling, provides a smarter way to create, use and manage information throughout the construction and management process. BIM provides the ability to customize the information in each sub- process and thereby improve efficiency. The new ways of working involves a life- cycle thinking in which information is used in a systematic and quality assured manner in an object-based 3D model.  The study aims to determine the ways of working that needs to change to implement BIM in one of Skanska's district in the region Stockholm Hus Ombyggnad and identify cost savings clients make through the implementation. BIM consists of more than one data model. To achieve the benefits that BIM can provide, changes in processes and common conceptual models are required. Processes, the organization and modeling of the product must be carefully planned. This means that more resources are added in the early stages of the design process which is necessary to meet the specification of requirements in a BIM project. A number of respondents in the study reflect on the fact that additional and / or more detailed information deliveries during the schematic design phase would increase the quality of construction documents. The study finds that a BIM design process require near and open cooperation between the, to the BIM-use relevant participants.

The aim in this study was to create an understanding of how staff within agencys connected to The Act Concerning Support and Service for Persons with Certain Functional Impairments (LSS) work to realize the individual's self-determination through work with implementation plans. In order to enable a deeper understanding of how self-determination is realized, we used the theory of empowerment, with a focus on the transfer of power from staff to the individual. The above was done through a qualitative study where we interviewed eight staff who work in daily activities or residential arrangements with special service. The findings indicatesthat staff are positive about working with implementation plans and can see how these can ensure the individual's self-determination. Other findings were that staffexperience communication as something that both limits and enables selfdetermination. Some of the conclusions that were drawn are that flexibility in formulations of goals enables the individual to maintain power even after the implementation plan has been established, and that the staff's approach shows how much and what power they want to transfer to users in both the work with implementation plans and in general.