Diante do enigma representado pelos alunos incluídos, sobretudo, aqueles com graves problemas psíquicos, ou com transtornos globais do desenvolvimento, o conhecimento do professor parece ser insuficiente. Na falta de beira do pedagógico, o discurso clínico é chamado a margear os processos de ensino e aprendizagem, sendo recorrente a desligitimação da escola como espaço potente e a indicação de práticas reeducativas. Que razões levam a escola a não reconhecer seu papel constitutivo? A educação, ao se ocupar dos que estão fora do ideal de normalidade, perdeu a referência de sujeito como uma trama enigmática? Trata-se de um estudo teórico, no qual essas questões são problematizadas a partir da experiência profissional da pesquisadora, das fontes primárias da educação especial (Relatórios de Jean Itard – 1901 – e Tratado médico filosófico sobre alienação mental ou mania – 1800 – de Phillip Pinel), do campo da psicopatologia médico-biológica e fundamental e do conto A terceira margem do rio, de Guimarães Rosa. Defendemos a partida de Itard como gesto capaz de partir áreas e instaurar um novo espaço-tempo, uma terceira margem, no que antes era dual. Educação – especial. O traço que une e separa, surge da aposta, do diagnóstico como margem, de Itard na transformação de Victor pela educação. Traço instaurador de uma área e de um sujeito, não guarda um sentido a priori. A fim de sublinhar a função constitutiva da escola e do professor, o traçado precisa deslizar do ideal de normalidade à pergunta pelas condições de possibilidade de uma educação, duvidando, suspendendo, verdades cristalizadas e empobrecedoras do humano. / Given the enigma represented by the students included, especially those with severe psychological problems, or with Global Development Disorders, the knowledge of the teachers seems to be insufficient. In the absence of pedagogical border, clinical discourse is called to do margin in the processes of teaching and learning, often not legitimating the school as potent and powerful space, and indication of re-educational practices. What reasons lead school not to recognize his role constitutive? The education, dealing with the "out of the ideal of normality", lost the individual as an enigmatic plot? It is a theoretical study, in which these issues are raised from the professional experience of the researcher, the primary sources of special education (Reports of Jean Itard- 1901- and A treatise on insanity and others disorders affecting the mind -1800- Philippe Pinel), the field of biological medical and fundamental psychopathology and from the tale called “A terceira margem do rio” (The third margin of the river) written by Guimarães Rosa. We advocate the departure of Itard as capable of break off areas and establish a new space-time, a third margin, in what used to be dual. Special – education. The lineament that unites and separates, arises from the investment, the diagnosis as margin, from Itard believing in Victor transformation through education. Lineament originator of an area and an individual, don't keep a sense a priori. In order to emphasis the constitutive function of the school and the teacher, the stroke need to slide off the ideal of normalcy to question the conditions of possibility of an education, doubting, suspending, petrified and depleting the human truths.

abstract: Education abroad participants worldwide are often positively transformed by their experiences and, as a result, gain a great deal of knowledge, resources, ideas, and high levels of inspiration which can positively impact the individual, and local and global communities—contributing to global development. However, education abroad participants face challenges and are often not prepared for making lasting positive change in their local and global communities post-education abroad, known as the reentry phase. Moreover, they do not fully understand the potential positive impacts they can have on society as a result of their education abroad experiences. This is of significant importance for a world that continues to rapidly globalize, advance technologically faster than ever before, and faces challenges and opportunities that require globally experienced people. Through surveys and interviews with 156 participants from 32 countries, this transformative mixed methods research provides strong evidence for the high levels of benefits participants gain, and how they are positively transformed and motivated to make local and global impacts after their education abroad experiences. The data provides insights into participant perceptions, ideas, opportunities, and challenges surrounding these topics, and identifies differences and similarities in participant and program types that best prepare, support, and enable participants during the re-entry phase. It also provides insights on how stakeholders (e.g. educational, public, private, non-governmental, civil society, and personal support systems) can transform current research, models, and policies to be able to support participants in becoming social entrepreneur change agents, and forge a more holistic approach towards global education mobility and global development. The more than 4.5 million people that currently engage in education abroad annually is a population projected to increase to more than 8 million participants by 2025. They represent only 0.06% of the world’s 7 billion population from almost all countries, including developing, emerging, and highly developed. Therefore, this unique population of highly educated and globally exposed future world leaders and decision-makers represents a comparatively uniquely privileged group that have the potential (and responsibility) to make important global development impacts after their education abroad experiences. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Global Technology and Development 2016

Nas últimas décadas o desenvolvimento de novos produtos se tornou o foco da competitividade industrial e, é neste ambiente que a literatura atual identifica vários casos que apontam para uma forte tendência de descentralização do desenvolvimento de produto em âmbito global. Assim, pretende-se por meio de estudo de caso único, analisar o processo de descentralização de desenvolvimento global de novos produtos (DGP) adotado por uma empresa automotiva atuante no setor de veículos comerciais. O estudo foca na pesquisa dos fatores que favorecem a descentralização do DGP, bem como suas causas, baseado na teoria vigente. Como principais conclusões, pode-se citar que o setor de veículos comerciais reage de maneira similar a outros setores, como o de telecomunicações, e que diferentemente da literatura vigente sobre a descentralização do DGP, fatores como o interesse no mercado local e aspectos históricos da evolução da subsidiária brasileira apresentam maior relevância do que o baixo custo e as competências locais em desenvolvimento de produtos. Identificou-se, também, que neste caso o produto modular influencia no processo de descentralização do DGP dependendo do tipo de estrutura deste último, ao contrário do identificado por pesquisas anteriores. Por fim, é elaborada uma proposta de relação entre tipo de estrutura de DGP e a utilização ou não de projeto modular. / In recent decades the development of new products has become the industrial competitiveness focus and, it is in this environment, that the current literature identifies several cases which indicate a strong trend of product development decentralization in a global sphere. Thus, this study intent to, through a single case study, analyzes the decentralization process of new products global development (PGD) used by a company from the automotive industry acting at the commercial vehicles sector. The study focuses on the research of the factors that encourage the decentralization of PGD and its causes, based on existing theory. As main conclusions, it is possible to mention that the commercial vehicles sector reacts similarly to other sectors such as telecommunications, in which factors such as interest in the local market and historical aspects of evolution of the Brazilian subsidiary have more relevance than the low cost and local skills in product development, unlike the current literature on this topic. It was also identified, in this case, that the modular product influences the PGD decentralization process depending on its structure, unlike identified by previous studies. Finally, the author developed a proposal which describes the relation between the PGD type of structure and the use (or not) of modular design.

Diante do enigma representado pelos alunos incluídos, sobretudo, aqueles com graves problemas psíquicos, ou com transtornos globais do desenvolvimento, o conhecimento do professor parece ser insuficiente. Na falta de beira do pedagógico, o discurso clínico é chamado a margear os processos de ensino e aprendizagem, sendo recorrente a desligitimação da escola como espaço potente e a indicação de práticas reeducativas. Que razões levam a escola a não reconhecer seu papel constitutivo? A educação, ao se ocupar dos que estão fora do ideal de normalidade, perdeu a referência de sujeito como uma trama enigmática? Trata-se de um estudo teórico, no qual essas questões são problematizadas a partir da experiência profissional da pesquisadora, das fontes primárias da educação especial (Relatórios de Jean Itard – 1901 – e Tratado médico filosófico sobre alienação mental ou mania – 1800 – de Phillip Pinel), do campo da psicopatologia médico-biológica e fundamental e do conto A terceira margem do rio, de Guimarães Rosa. Defendemos a partida de Itard como gesto capaz de partir áreas e instaurar um novo espaço-tempo, uma terceira margem, no que antes era dual. Educação – especial. O traço que une e separa, surge da aposta, do diagnóstico como margem, de Itard na transformação de Victor pela educação. Traço instaurador de uma área e de um sujeito, não guarda um sentido a priori. A fim de sublinhar a função constitutiva da escola e do professor, o traçado precisa deslizar do ideal de normalidade à pergunta pelas condições de possibilidade de uma educação, duvidando, suspendendo, verdades cristalizadas e empobrecedoras do humano. / Given the enigma represented by the students included, especially those with severe psychological problems, or with Global Development Disorders, the knowledge of the teachers seems to be insufficient. In the absence of pedagogical border, clinical discourse is called to do margin in the processes of teaching and learning, often not legitimating the school as potent and powerful space, and indication of re-educational practices. What reasons lead school not to recognize his role constitutive? The education, dealing with the "out of the ideal of normality", lost the individual as an enigmatic plot? It is a theoretical study, in which these issues are raised from the professional experience of the researcher, the primary sources of special education (Reports of Jean Itard- 1901- and A treatise on insanity and others disorders affecting the mind -1800- Philippe Pinel), the field of biological medical and fundamental psychopathology and from the tale called “A terceira margem do rio” (The third margin of the river) written by Guimarães Rosa. We advocate the departure of Itard as capable of break off areas and establish a new space-time, a third margin, in what used to be dual. Special – education. The lineament that unites and separates, arises from the investment, the diagnosis as margin, from Itard believing in Victor transformation through education. Lineament originator of an area and an individual, don't keep a sense a priori. In order to emphasis the constitutive function of the school and the teacher, the stroke need to slide off the ideal of normalcy to question the conditions of possibility of an education, doubting, suspending, petrified and depleting the human truths.

The impact of engineered products is a topic of increasing concern in society. The impact of a product can fall into the categories of economic, environmental, or social impact; the last category is defined as the effect of a product on the daily lives of people. Design teams lack sufficient tools to help improve the impact of products and understand the impact of products at scale in society. This dissertation aims to provide insight and methods for improving the social, environmental, and economic impact of engineered products. The majority of the research focuses on the prediction of product impacts on society, which requires a sociotechnical approach with models that contain aspects of the product and society. This begins with the introduction of an agent-based modeling approach to predict how changes to a design will ultimately impact society. Chapter 3 performs a systematic review of the literature to identify common challenges in product social impact modeling, identifies ways to mitigate the challenges, and provides a general process to create product impact models. Guidance on a general modeling process is essential to enable the widespread use of predictive impact models in engineering design. Chapter 4, provides guidance on creating sociotechnical models using primary survey data and machine learning for impact prediction using a case study of improved cookstoves in Uganda. Chapter 5 presents a method for incorporating environmental impacts, using life cycle assessment and agent-based modeling to properly scale impacts from the functional unit level to the societal level. A limitation of life cycle assessment in the early phases of product design is the difficulty of scaling impacts from the functional unit level to the population level. Using agent-based modeling together with life cycle assessment enables an understanding of the number of functional units required at the population level; allowing for the quantification of the total population-level impact. There are often trade-offs in the social, environmental, and economic sustainability space. To characterize these sustainability trade-offs, Chapter 6 illustrates the modeling of social, environmental, and economic impacts of a product and how to quantify the product sustainability trade-space. Chapter 7, presents work on identifying quantitative factors for selecting engineering global development project locations based on the potential for social impact. Finally, Chapter 8 provides the general contributions of this work, identifies limitations, and provides direction for future work. The research presented in this dissertation is a step toward a future where predictive modeling of the social, environmental, and economic impacts of products is commonplace in engineering design.

Within the contemporary international order, deep structural inequalities coexist alongside a nominally pluralistic society of states that grants international personality to politically organised communities. Asymmetric interactions between distinct political communities have shaped the development of the international system from the colonial era to the present phase of global economic integration. Rising interdependence, problems of unequal development and the democratic mobilisation of peoples around the world have generated moral claims regarding the injustice of global inequality. In this context the international politics of inequality have taken the format of challenges by the political representatives of the global South to the dominance of the advanced industrialised North. The normative dimensions of this process can be understood through a focus on this process of political argument between unequals. Political argument is contestation over the principles appropriate to govern a sphere of social interaction. The thesis seeks to vindicate the notion that the challenges by the global South have given rise to a dynamic of political argument within a norm-governed international society. Changes in patterns of normative belief, material power and forms of political organisation have historically shaped North-South relations. Therefore, through the analysis of particular episodes of North-South argument, the thesis attempts to provide insights into the moral limits and possibilities of an evolving international society. Analysing the organised attempts to challenge inequality on the part of the representatives of the global South, the thesis seeks to advance the position the tensions generated by claims over inequality might provide the nucleus for the incorporation of egalitarian concerns into the operation of international society. Through participation in common practices of statehood, the peoples of the global South possess at least some ability to challenge structural inequalities and thus the potential to expand the moral limits of international society.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T18:16:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Maria Juliana.pdf: 1730875 bytes, checksum: bb81b2862c7cfd5a83d783a11b1172e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-04 / INTRODUCTION: Intellectual disability (ID) occurs in 2-3% of the population and it has a heterogeneous etiology (genetic, environmental or multifactorial). The diagnosis of DI requires use of validated instruments, unavailable for children younger than 5 years, for which reserves the term global developmental delay (GDD). It is essential specialized assessment to the people with GDD /ID, isolated or syndromic, as well as to obtain a detailed overview of factors that may be associated with its onset. OBJECTIVES: To analyze cases of GDD / ID in children and adolescents who attended APAE St. Louis describing the sociodemographic characteristics, conditions of pregnancy, childbirth, the newborn, the clinical evolution and monitoring. METHODS: A quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study. It was collected primary data of 156 patients evaluated at the Medical Genetics Service from this institution in December 2009 to December 2010, and used Windows Microsoft Office Excel 2008 for tabulation and Epi Info 3.5.1 to calculate simple frequencies. RESULTS: It were observed: mean age 36 months, the ratio between males and females of 1.2:1; journal to offset the capital, 20% of cases; parental consanguinity in 4.5%, similar cases in the family 7 %. The mothers, mostly had between 20 and 34 years old, exclusively home occupation, with at least primary education and until two pregnancies. Pregnancy: begun antenatal care until the third month in 63.5% (only 11% in the first month), 14% ethanol exposure, the majority denies exposure to tobacco or drugs inappropriate for pregnancy; and in 60% were referred some eventful; 17.3%, antenatal diagnosis of congenital malformations or infections. Delivery: 88.5% in hospital, 72% at term and 21.8% preterm, 54.5% in vaginal delivery and cesarean section in 35.3%, 86% in cephalic presentation. Conditions of newborns: 39% had hypoxia suspicion, 46.8% required ICU admission, and 44.5% had been hospitalized for more than eight days. Anomalies of the central nervous system (CNS) were found in 61.5%, including those that could be observed by simply measuring head circumference - microcephaly (50%), macrocephaly (5%). Most had no access to basic exams to diagnostic investigation (CNS imaging, karyotype, hearing and vision assessment). CONCLUSIONS: Reiterate the lack of studies on the subject, the inequity of access to diagnosis and treatment, the need for qualification of antenatal and childbirth care, and of the implementation in fact of the Integral Attention National Policy on Clinical Genetics. / INTRODUÇÃO: A deficiência intelectual (DI) ocorre em 2 a 3% da população e tem etiologia heterogênea (genética, ambiental ou multifatorial). O diagnóstico de DI requer uso de instrumentos validados, indisponíveis para crianças com idade inferior a 5 anos, para os quais reserva-se o termo atraso global do desenvolvimento (AGD). É imprescindível a avaliação especializada das pessoas com AGD/DI, isolado ou sindrômico, bem como a obtenção de um panorama detalhado dos fatores que possam se associar ao seu aparecimento. OBJETIVOS: Analisar os casos de AGD/DI em crianças e adolescentes que frequentaram a APAE São Luís descrevendo as características sociodemográficas, as condições da gestação, do parto, do recém-nascido, da evolução clínica e do acompanhamento. METODOLOGIA: Estudo quantitativo descritivo do tipo transversal. Foi realizada coleta de dados primários dos 156 pacientes atendidos no serviço de Genética Médica desta instituição em dezembro de 2009 a dezembro de 2010 e, utilizados Windows Excel Microsoft Office 2008 para tabulação e Epi Info 3.5.1 para cálculo de frequências simples. RESULTADOS: Foram observados: idade média de 36 meses, razão entre os sexos masculino e feminino de 1,2:1; deslocamento periódico para a capital, em 20% dos casos; consanguinidade parental de 4,5%; casos semelhantes na família em 7%. As mães: maioria entre 20 e 34anos, do lar, com pelo menos o Ensino Fundamental Completo e até duas gestações. Gestação: início do pré-natal até o terceiro mês em 63,5% (só 11% ainda no primeiro mês); 14% de exposição ao etanol, maioria nega exposição ao tabaco ou a fármacos impróprios; em 60%, houve intercorrências; em 17,3%, diagnósticos pré-natais de malformações ou infecções congênitas. Parto: 88,5% em hospital; 72% a termo e 21,8% pré-termos; via vaginal em 54,5% e cesárea em 35,3%; apresentação cefálica em 86%. Condições do recém-nato: 39% tem suspeita de hipóxia; 46,8% necessitaram de internação em UTI e, 44,5% estiveram internados por mais de oito dias. Anomalias do sistema nervoso central (SNC) foram encontradas em 61,5%, incluindo aquelas que puderam ser observadas pelas simples medida de perímetro cefálico - microcefalia (50%), macrocefalia (5%). A maioria não teve acesso aos exames complementares fundamentais à investigação diagnóstica (imagem de SNC, cariótipo, avaliação auditiva e oftalmológica). CONCLUSÕES: Reitera-se a carência de estudos sobre o tema; a iniquidade do acesso ao diagnóstico e ao tratamento; a necessidade de qualificação da assistência ao pré-natal e ao parto e, da implementação de fato da Política Nacional de Atenção Integral em Genética Clínica.

This dissertation collects principles and insights from various sources related to design for the developing world. These principles and insights form part of the foundation that can guide other engineers working in this area. The sources are the published literature, practitioners, non-governmental organizations, and our own field studies. From the engineering literature, we identified nine principles to guide engineers as they design poverty alleviating products for developing communities. Each principle is articulated, supporting literature is described, an in-depth example from the literature is given, followed by suggestions for how the principle can be applied to day-to-day engineering activities. Next, the work from engineering practitioners is studied. Information from various field reports was analyzed, a list of seven common pitfalls was derived, and the Design for the Developing World Canvas is introduced. This tool is similar to a Business Model Canvas, but it focuses on the product development process rather than the development of a business model. The Design for the Developing World Canvas can be used by design teams to facilitate discussions and make decisions that will allowthem to avoid the common pitfalls identified. A case study is then shared from a non-governmental organization called WHOlives.org about their experience with the Village Drill, a human-powered machine that digs boreholes for water wells. The case study outlines the development of the drill, a timeline of its implementation in 15 countries across three continents, specific values related to cashflows of the organization, and a conservative estimate of their impact in developing communities. A study of our original research conducting field studies using a technique called ethnography is then shared. This study was conducted in four countries on four continents and shows the impact of various conditions on the ability of the design team to collect information that is useful for making product development decisions. The conditions in this study include cultural familiarity, language fluency, gender and age of the respondent, information source type, use of prototypes, and others. The results can guide design teams as they make decisions about who to include on the design team, which projects to pursue, and how to conduct their own field studies. Lastly, conclusions related to design for the developing world are made based on the work presented and potential areas of future work are outlined.

<p>This qualitative study focuses on the investigation of different actor’s ideas concerning gender and womanhood in a post-socialist nation Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aim of this study is to try to provide experiences and attitudes of one not a new, but definitely one constantly changing phenomenon, trafficking in women for sexual exploitation. The qualitative data is mainly collected through nine interviews with people from Bosnian Governments, International organizations and NGOs during my stay in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The causes to trafficking are complex and intertwined but it directly relates to gender discrimination and attitudes on sexual relationships between women and men. The study sheds light on how the global politics and economics development situation and theirs affectsprovide gender segregation through the traditionally structures where men are seen as normative.</p>

En esta tesis doctoral se presenta una propuesta de Ingeniería de Requisitos (IR) para líneas de productos que integra modelos de análisis del dominio y requisitos en lenguaje natural: (1) se estudia la reutilización de requisitos textuales, definiendo un método de IR basado en reutilización de requisitos en lenguaje natural, denominado SIREN, validado en entornos industriales; se propone además una extensión de SIREN para desarrollo global de software, junto con un repositorio de amenazas y salvaguardas para la IR que se lleva a cabo en entornos globalizados; (2) se describe una evolución de SIREN con el objetivo de modelar el dominio de una línea de productos, los sistemas teleoperados para mantenimiento de cascos de buques; y (3) se plantea la integración de modelos de ingeniería del software con especificaciones de requisitos en lenguaje natural, en este orden, implicando la generación de requisitos textuales a partir de modelos. / In this doctoral thesis an approach to requirements engineering (RE) for product lines integrating domain analysis models and natural language requirements is formulated: (1) the SIREN method is defined, an RE method based on natural language requirements reuse, which has been validated in industrial environments; furthermore, a method extending SIREN to the global software development is defined based on a risks and safeguards repository concerning RE when performed in distributed environments; (2) an evolution of SIREN is proposed with the intent of modeling the software product line of the teleoperated systems for ship hull maintenance; and (3) the interest of the generation of textual requirements starting from software engineering models is corroborated and a flattening correspondence is defined which maps the domain analysis models to natural language requirements.