Governing documents for the schools are politically produced documents which constitute instructions from the government for how teaching in the school should be conducted. The purpose of this essay has been to investigate how, why and to what degree teaching plans and curriculum and course plans in the subject of history for the compulsory school came to influence the factual content of history textbooks and historiography during the 20th century. To answer this purpose, a qualitative text analysis of four governing documents and six textbooks, as well as a quantitative content analysis of the textbooks, has been carried out. The focus of the analysis has been defined by selecting a theme, "The Middle Ages". Furthermore, a theory based on Jörn Rüsen's four levels of historical awareness has been applied to the results of the analysis of the governing documents, this to provide a better insight into how and why the governing documents came to influence history textbooks during the 20th century. The results of the survey showed that the instructions of the governing documents affected the content of the textbooks, the exception being a textbook published in 1929 which turned out to be a textual copy of an earlier edition. The teaching plan from 1955 was the guiding document in the survey that most clearly, or in the highest degree, influenced the textbooks. Furthermore, the results have shown that the history writing and factual content in the textbooks have changed over time in accordance with the instructions of the governing documents and the currently prevailing level of history awareness.

Private International Law and the Issues of Securities Law Tomáš Borčin Acts No. 139/2011 Coll. and No. 172/2012 Coll. have introduced a set of brand new choice-of-law rules in respect to securities into the Czech legal system. The same set of rules has rather simultaneously been adopted by the new Act No. 91/2012 Coll., on Private International Law, coming into force on 1st of January 2014. However, despite the fact that these amendments had brought the much needed conflict of laws rules for cross border transactions involving securities, the actual subject of how the securities are treated in private international law remains mostly unexplored by Czech jurisprudence as of this date. Therefore, the core ambition of this thesis is to provide a complex legal analysis of the aforementioned rules by the means of examination of their theoretical basis as well as of practical implications of their application. The thesis consists of seven chapters of various extent and scope. The ratio behind the first chapter is to address the question of what securities are, and how are they treated pursuant to Czech legislation. The emphasis is given on the definition of securities and their respective classification, however, the chapter does not omit the upcoming changes in respect to the recodification of private...

In the early 2010s, competitive market logic was introduced into healthcare systems so as to achieve rapid improvements. This took place as improvement policies began to emphasize the notion of collaboration as a method of ensuring patient safety across organizational boundaries. This thesis addresses how staff, in their practical improvement work, balance economic values, on the one hand, against meaningful solutions for the patient, on the other. The research interest focuses on the particular interpretations about improvements that emerge in negotiations about change. These interpretations are foundational to the learning that simultaneously takes place. The aim of the thesis is to analyse and explain the pedagogical conditions that take place in improvement practices in a healthcare system in the 2010s. The thesis takes its theoretical point of departure in a pedagogical theory that describes how contextual conditions influence learning processes in a specific practice where communication is foundational for learning. The thesis uses critical discourse analysis as a methodological point of departure and builds on a model of improvement work, namely, the clinical microsystem. The first study consists of a literature review of the microsystem framework. Subsequently, three case studies were conducted at Jönköping county council, Sweden. Discussions of improvements at clinical meetings and improvement coaches’ reflections over their pedagogical approaches provide the empirical data for the case studies. The findings show that market logic gives rise to a number of displacement effects with respect to learning processes. Short-term profits are shown to supersede goals of a more profound development of knowledge. The composition of an improvement practice is of critical importance to the nature of the negotiation that takes place, and thus how the practice comes to successfully challenge things that are taken for granted and the power structures that exist within the practice. Improvement coaches themselves become pedagogical prerequisites under the influence of the prevailing conditions, as they promote different learning organizations. This thesis develops the conceptual framework that is instantiated by the clinical microsystem, and it also contributes to the social constructionist field of improvement science by establishing pedagogical and discursive perspectives on improvement and change. / Bridging the Gaps

Membership of school governing bodies is a new experience for many communities in South Africa, because the election system for school governing bodies was only introduced during 1997 for the purpose of a decentralised management and governing system for schools in the country. The new dispensation of democracy brought about some unique challenges, for example, how to deal with diversity effectively. In this sense, the successful management of diversity in education is viewed as one ·of the toughest challenges in the South African education system. The aforementioned challenge led to the rationale for this research, which focused on the influence of diversity on the functionality of school governing bodies and how to manage diversity in the school governing bodies from the Laingsburg education region. The strategy for the research was based on a qualitative research approach that took the form of an interactive investigation of the views and experiences of the participants in relation to the research topic. The research was further undertaken from an interpretative approach which is appropriate, because the social experiences of the participants were central to this research. Some of the most important findings were that prejudices and stereotyping with regard to diversity posed a stumbling block for the effective functioning of school governing bodies. To the contrary, it was also found that the perspective of diversity as variety, is an advantage due to the multiplicity of available talents and competencies which can be utilised to the benefit of education. Policy frameworks for the management of diversity and I appropriate communication were also part of the findings that have an influence on the functionality of school governing bodies. The recommendations included amongst other that all role players should be represented in the school governing body; training is regarded as a priority; members should be willing to accept the role of servant leadership and finally the roles of the principal and school governing body should be clarified to avoid friction and possible conflict. The value of the research is in the first place a contribution to a better understanding of the concept of diversity and it also supports the management of diversity in school governing bodies of rural areas. / MEd (Education Management), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Membership of school governing bodies is a new experience for many communities in South Africa, because the election system for school governing bodies was only introduced during 1997 for the purpose of a decentralised management and governing system for schools in the country. The new dispensation of democracy brought about some unique challenges, for example, how to deal with diversity effectively. In this sense, the successful management of diversity in education is viewed as one ·of the toughest challenges in the South African education system. The aforementioned challenge led to the rationale for this research, which focused on the influence of diversity on the functionality of school governing bodies and how to manage diversity in the school governing bodies from the Laingsburg education region. The strategy for the research was based on a qualitative research approach that took the form of an interactive investigation of the views and experiences of the participants in relation to the research topic. The research was further undertaken from an interpretative approach which is appropriate, because the social experiences of the participants were central to this research. Some of the most important findings were that prejudices and stereotyping with regard to diversity posed a stumbling block for the effective functioning of school governing bodies. To the contrary, it was also found that the perspective of diversity as variety, is an advantage due to the multiplicity of available talents and competencies which can be utilised to the benefit of education. Policy frameworks for the management of diversity and I appropriate communication were also part of the findings that have an influence on the functionality of school governing bodies. The recommendations included amongst other that all role players should be represented in the school governing body; training is regarded as a priority; members should be willing to accept the role of servant leadership and finally the roles of the principal and school governing body should be clarified to avoid friction and possible conflict. The value of the research is in the first place a contribution to a better understanding of the concept of diversity and it also supports the management of diversity in school governing bodies of rural areas. / MEd (Education Management), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

The aim is to answer the question of whether effective control mechanisms exist in the Czech Republic which would guarantee the fulfilment of legal regulations by municipalities and regional authorities dealing with public property. It is also my aim to explore whether such control mechanisms result from the constitutionally guaranteed rights to local government and, if they do, to what extent they may be incorporated in the Czech legislation. My diploma thesis is based on specific case studies, the case law of general courts and the current jurisprudence of the Czech Constitutional Court. After the description of the current state of affairs in the Czech Republic, I further focus on the definition of the control mechanisms of local governments in Czechoslovakia between the two world wars (1918 - 1938) and partly also during the Austro-Hungarian Empire. This diversion leading to this era has been selected to reflect the efforts to resume the local government traditions in the context of the renewal of the local government scheme in the Czech Republic after 1989. It is proven towards the end of the historical survey that unlike today, there were effective control mechanisms available before World War II, with several alternatives. The thesis also compares the legal regulations beyond the control...

Cette thèse examine le gouvernement de la sexualité de deux populations adolescentes (10-19 ans) confrontées au VIH, à savoir les adolescents en population générale et les adolescents nés avec le VIH, dans la société nord thaïlandaise contemporaine. Pour ce faire, entre les mois de mai 2009 et de janvier 2012, des observations directes et participantes ont été conduites durant des actions collectives d’éducation pour la santé sexuelle destinées à ces deux populations adolescentes. Des entretiens semi-dirigés ont également été menés auprès des « adultes » et « adolescents » présents durant ces actions. Les résultats de cette thèse montrent comment les « adultes » agissant auprès des adolescents en population générale tendent à percevoir la sexualité de ces derniers comme le reflet d’une pathologisation de la société. En outre, ils révèlent de quelle manière les « adultes » intervenant auprès des adolescents nés avec le VIH tendent à appréhender la sexualité de ces derniers comme la preuve de leur normalisation. Ces résultats mettent également en lumière les difficultés éprouvées par les « adultes » à parler ouvertement de la sexualité avec les adolescents en population générale. Ils dévoilent aussi les barrières rencontrées par les « adultes » pour parler de manière explicite de leur statut infectieux avec les adolescents nés avec le VIH. Ils indiquent par quels mécanismes les différents éducateurs enquêtés peinent à établir des relations égalitaires avec leurs cadets. / This thesis investigates the governing of sexuality of two adolescent populations (10-19 years old) encountered HIV in Chiang Mai in contemporary Northern Thai society. These include adolescents among the general population and adolescents born with HIV. In doing so, direct and participant observations were conducted in the course of collective actions associated with sexual health education and dedicated to those adolescent populations from May 2009 to January 2012. In-depth interviews were also led among “adults” and “adolescents” participating in these activities. The results of this thesis show how “adults” interacting with adolescents among the general population tend to perceive sexuality of these adolescents as reflecting the society’s pathologization. They reveal how “adults” interacting among adolescents born with HIV demonstrate the tendency to comprehend these adolescents’ sexuality as evidence of their normalization. The results also highlight the difficulty experienced by “adults” in speaking openly about sexuality with adolescents among the general population. Furthermore, they expose the obstacles encountered by “adults” when openly discussing about the infectious status of adolescents born with HIV. Finally, the thesis indicates why the various educators who were investigated experienced difficulty in establishing equal relationships with the younger ones.

A research report submitted to the Wits School of Education, Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Education by combination of coursework and research. Johannesburg 2013 / This study investigates and addresses the issue of bullying of teachers by learners, which is also referred to as teacher-targeted bullying (TTB). The purpose of this study is to obtain data relating to the nature and extent of teacher-targeted bullying in a High School in Gauteng West. The setting is a former Model C, co-educational school, consisting of 1 354 learners (Grade 8 to Grade 12). The ethnicity of the School is predominantly Black, with 60% Black learners to 40% Caucasian, and the gender ratio of learners in the school is 706 girls to 648 boys. The current teacher population consists of a staff quotient of seventy-five teachers (75), twenty (20) male and fifty-five (55) female teachers, who are employed at the school, which will also be known as “the workplace” for the purposes of this research. The procedure for this research entailed using a teacher group of seventy (70) teachers, of whom fifty four (54) volunteered to complete the questionnaire, allowing an in-depth response by establishing factors contributing to the difficulties of learner bullying experienced by teachers; the effect on teacher performance, morale and student learning; and the support needed from education management for teachers experiencing bullying by their learners. From these questionnaires, the process was extended to a semi-structured interview, in order to follow up on the questionnaire. This allowed an understanding of the teacher’s life experiences or situations as experienced in their own words, for the twelve (12) volunteer teachers who had experienced bullying by learners. In this mixed method design, quantitative results enhanced generalizability, and qualitative results helped to explain how teachers experienced teacher-targeted bullying by learners in this Gauteng West High School. The research findings indicated that, prominent in this study, is the stress reported by teachers relating to the disciplining of learners. The level of reported learner-on-teacher-bullying was more evident in the classroom. It was also reported that all Grades were problematic for teachers, but the level of reported stress was more evident with Grade 9 male learners in same-gender classes. Furthermore, difficulties within this school environment, as well as the effect on teachers’ performance, morale and support from school management were established. In an effort to respond to the epidemic of learners who target and bully teachers, a reconceptualisation of the learner-on-teacher-bullying construct in the School under review, as well as other schools in South Africa, is needed. Thus bullying of teachers by learners must be tackled as a whole-school issue, with the focus on positive learner behaviour, good support structures, and active leadership, ensuring that staff are not only supported, but are also seen to be supported, by the various role players.

Univerzita Karlova Právnická fakulta "E-BUSINESS" A MEZINÁRODNÍ PRÁVO SOUKROMÉ ("E-business" and International Private Law) Abstract 2014 Daniela Davidovová ABSTRACT This work concerns selected aspects of e-business and international private law. Its goal is to determine, whether the current rules of international private law are applicable to the legal relationships resulting from e-business. The work consists of six chapters: Internet and E-business, E-business and International Private Law in the Czech Republic, Application of International Private Law rules to selected contract types, Contractual terms of selected e-business entrepreneurs, Specific rules applicable to non-contractual legal relationships and De lege ferenda. The first and second chapters provide the essentials of the problematic, including the terminology and explanation on how the internet and e-business works. Chapters three and five enable to observe theoretical problems of International Private Law rules applicable for e-business legal relationships. The main questions observed in this work are following: what is the competent court and what is the applicable law in the legal relationships arising while doing e-business? Answers are provided from the perspective of the Czech e-business entrepreneur who is selling products/providing...