近年來，政府資料開放(Open Government Data)政策的研究蔚為一片學術研究的藍海，成為各國政府、企業以及公民社會共同關注的治理議題。然而，過去研究聚焦於資料品質以及政府開放資料動機等研究，較少關注開放資料使用族群以及開放資料影響力。因此，本研究從使用者影響力認知著手，探討我國政府資料開放現狀，並且盤點開放資料能否體現透明課責、參與協作等精神，並且促進在政治、社會與經濟上的各種效益。 本次研究採用次級資料分析以及質性訪談方式進行，開放資料影響力問卷部分雜揉各國際組織近年來倡議方向編製而成，衡量指標為透明課、參與協作以及政治、經濟與社會預期效益，發放對象我國開放資料使用族群。質性訪談部分，則觸及我國開放資料的政策執行者、倡議者以及服務開發者，蒐集不同角色之間對於開放資料影響力的認知與意見。 研究顯示，我國開放政府尚未走向以資料利用為前提並且促進公民參與協作與創新的階段。在各項影響力指標當中，我國使用族群對於透明指標的現況較為樂觀，但是對於開放資料促進社會影響力部分則前景堪憂，多數受訪者認為當前開放資料影響力不彰的原因在於缺乏良好且具規模的資料轉化機制，除了政府各單位在推動政策上所遇到的瓶頸之外，政府與民間社群對於資料創新也缺乏想像，因此以資料利用為前提來精進政府資料開放政策實有必要，本研究根據結論提出政策與後續研究上相關建議。 / As a field of practice and research that is fast-growing and a locus for much attention and activity, open government data (OGD) has attracted stakeholders from different sectors. The open data movement holds out the promise of improving transparency, accountability, citizen participation. Nevertheless, it is not yet clear if Taiwanese government are truly fulfilling these promises. Current literature on open government data has uncovered a wide range of challenges related to data qualities and barriers of policy implementation. In other words, most of the open data research based on a technology-driven perspective, rather than a focus on the potential public value and social benefits of data to be used. As a result, the purpose of this study is to test an open data impact evaluative framework and reveal the open data impact cognition among data users in Taiwn from a variety of origins. This study adopts quantitative method, applying secondary analysis, and qualitative method, applying interview survey, in the meantime. The research subjects include different data users in this field, such as open government initiators, developers and policy executors. This study shows that the impact of open data in Taiwan is limited. Although Taiwan obtained a top ranking of Global Open Data Index these years, Taiwanese government and civil society hasn’t tapped the full potential of open data on promoting public value or creating social benefits. As open data initiatives spread across the globe, research is needed that can deepen our shared understanding of the open data potential in creating a better democratic society.

Cette étude sur les projets open data dans les collectivités locales vise à associer, dans une approche globale, les modes de production et de collecte de données, les méthodes de diffusion et les dispositifs utilisés, et enfin les modèles d’usage des données publiques numériques. Partant de l’hypothèse que l’open data donne lieu à une nouvelle distribution des rôles des acteurs impliqués tout au long du processus d’ouverture, nous avons distingué un positionnement dynamique des acteurs qui ne se limite pas à une étape du processus d’ouverture des données - que ce soit de réflexion, production, de diffusion, de promotion ou d’usage - ce qui crée un système mixte d’open data. L’étude du système d’offre des collectivités nous a amené à considérer son adéquation avec les besoins des utilisateurs. Nous avons montré que malgré les efforts de créer un système multi-acteur, la mise en oeuvre de l’identification et de la collecte des données est éclectique et instable et ne construit pas un processus solide de l’Open data. Malgré l’urgence suggérée par le contexte politique et sociétal, l’ouverture et le choix des données sont généralement déterminés par des considérations pragmatiques qui imposent une ouverture lente mais progressive sans prétendre à l’exhaustivité.Il s’agit aussi d’examiner les plateformes open data considérées comme des « dispositifs socio-techniques » émergeants du web social dans leurs aspects de médiations, partage, collaboration et de coproduction de données. Dans ce cadre, nos observations nous permettent de mettre en exergue, de questionner et d’analyser les plateformes open data dont leur architecture principale nous amènent à les qualifier «dispositifs socio-techniques ». Ils sont des outils sociaux car ils donnent lieu à des formes d’action. Autour d’un catalogue de jeux de données, il subsiste des espaces virtuels, des blogs, des forums d’interactions entre les producteurs et les réutilisateurs des données ouvertes. / The main purpose of this survey is to explore the process of implementation of open data projects at the local level. The main challenge in realization of any open data project is the engagement of different stakeholders. In this respect, we distinguish a dynamic positioning of stakeholders not limited to one stage of the process - whether during the first phase of reflections before launching the project, the data production, dissemination, promotion or use - creating a mixed system of open data. The study of data offer on open data platforms led us to consider its appropriateness to the needs of users. We have shown that despite the efforts to create a multi-player system, the implementation, identification and data collection is eclectic and unstable and not building a solid process of Open Data. Despite the urgency suggested by the political and societal context, openness and choice of data are generally determined by pragmatic considerations that impose a slow but gradual opening without claiming to be exhaustive. By analyzing open data platforms, this leads us to qualify them as "socio-technical tools" emerging from the social web in their aspects of mediation, sharing, collaboration and co-production data. They are social tools because they give rise to forms of action. Around a catalog of data sets, there are still virtual spaces, blogs, forums of interaction between producers and re-users of open data.

This Ph.D. thesis deals with Open Government Data and the methodology for publication of this kind of data. Public sector bodies hold a significant amount of data that can be reused in innovative way leading to development of new products and services. According to the Open Knowledge Foundation "Open data is data that can be freely used, re-used and redistributed by anyone - subject only, at most, to the requirement to attribute and sharealike." Publication and reuse of Open Government Data can lead to benefits such as increased economic growth. State, society as well as the public sector bodies themselves can benefit from Open Government Data. However the public sector bodies currently face a number of problems and issues when publishing Open Government Data, e.g. regular updates of the published datasets are not always ensured. Different public sector bodies apply different approaches to publication of Open Government Data. The main goal of this thesis is to design the Open Government Data Publication Methodology which should address current problems related to the publication of Open Government Data.

This dissertation addresses research questions related to defining a smart city and the associated activities. The general research question is explored in the dissertation via the conduct of three related studies. The finding from these three investigations are presented in the results section as 3 essays that collectively examine the smart city phenomena as it has emerged within the City. Essay 1 assesses building municipal open data capability. The study proposed an Opendata Roadmap Framework to enhance the organization's dynamic capability. The results provide a valuable practical framework to help cities develop open data capability. The results also provide a comparative study or benchmark for similar initiatives with other regional cities and within the nation. Essay 2 measures the residents' understanding and beliefs about smart cities. This portion of the research used a qualitative method that included interviewing residents and city officials to understand their definition of a smart city and what they believe makes a city smart. The interviews focused on understanding resident engagement because it is an important characteristic of a smart city. The gap between the city officials and residents understanding was examined. In addition, the interviews help identify essential factors associated with smart cities like trust in government, perceived security, perceived privacy, trust in technology, and perceived monetary value. Essay 3 examines the acceptance of smart city technologies and factors that affect the adoption of such technologies. This essay uses the insights from the other two essays to propose a smart city Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) extension labelled Smart City UTAUT (SC-UTAUT). The new proposed model was tested using a survey method. The 1,786 valid responses were used to test the proposed structural equation model using Smart PLS. Results show a significant relationship between trust in technology, trust in government, perceived monetary value, effort expectancy, self-efficacy, and behavioral intention. The dissertation concludes with a summary of how the three essays make a cumulative contribution to the literature as well as providing practical guidance for becoming a smart city.

The fundamental source of data journalism, which has established itself in the Czech media landscape in recent years, is the availability of usable data sets. However, academicians have so far neglected the topic of data openness and its importance in journalistic discourse. Simultaneously, data journalists are often the first to make data available to the public. An integral part of the thesis is mapping the historical development of data journalism, including the phenomenon of open government with a focus on Czech and European legislation and obtaining information with the help of the Freedom of Information Act. The aim of the thesis is, based on in-depth interviews with Czech data journalists, to identify the data sources which they frequently often use in their editorial routines, to evaluate the quality of these sources and to present the main limits that journalists encounter. In the conclusive part of the thesis the author transfers the focus to analysis of the availability of data sources provided by the Ministry of Health and the Institute of Health Information and Statistics during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 and outlines the process of acquisition, cleaning, analysis, and visualization of information by journalists.

Submitted by Jacquelin Teresa Camperos Reyes (jtcamperos@hotmail.com) on 2018-02-27T00:46:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 [Dissertação] Jacquelin Teresa Camperos Reyes.pdf: 2175519 bytes, checksum: 3dd6306fa263e044ba509d410d39cea4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Satie Tagara (satie@marilia.unesp.br) on 2018-02-27T14:17:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 camperosreyes_jt_me_mar.pdf: 2175519 bytes, checksum: 3dd6306fa263e044ba509d410d39cea4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-27T14:17:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 camperosreyes_jt_me_mar.pdf: 2175519 bytes, checksum: 3dd6306fa263e044ba509d410d39cea4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-29 / Outra / Gerar valor para a sociedade a partir da abundância de dados governamentais tornou-se imperativo nas estratégias de disponibilização de dados que estão sendo publicados por meio de conjuntos de dados ou datasets. Os datasets, dados tabulados com certa estrutura, constituem um exemplo de reunião de bases de dados que pretendem obter sucesso erguendo-se como catálogos centrais do ponto de vista dos cidadãos, ampliando a visibilidade sobre e das ações da gestão pública. Atingir a estruturação desses recursos informacionais, de forma que auxilie na sua revalorização, é um dos desafios da Ciência da Informação. A questão de investigação é: Como está sendo abordada a aderência ao uso de metadados nas instruções entregues aos publicadores de dados em governos? O objetivo é descrever a aderência ao uso de metadados nos datasets de governos de países, tomando como base o contexto e o marco conceitual apresentados nas instruções para publicadores de dados, encontradas nos sites de dados abertos oficiais dos países analisados. Acredita-se que estudos como este podem fornecer elementos que atuem como subsídios para as estratégias governamentais, atendendo dimensões sociais a partir dos profissionais da informação. Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva, de natureza qualitativa, focada na observação crítica dos documentos que abordam o tratamento descritivo dos datasets governamentais. Utilizam-se como procedimentos a análise bibliográfica e documental, e a definição de estudos de caso nos países Colômbia, Brasil, Espanha e Portugal, abordando o volume de dados e informações mediante a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Percebe-se o esforço realizado pelos detentores dos documentos disponibilizados nos quatro países analisados pela ampla abordagem de conteúdo temático relacionado com o uso experimental dos metadados, dando assim maior importância ao aspecto prático em relação ao teórico, sem desconsiderar a relevância das explanações teóricas. Acredita-se na importância da criação e implementação de perfis de aplicação entre comunidades de países, como o caso do DCAT-AP, criado e recomendado pela comunidade europeia de nações e sugerido pelos sites de dados dos países estudados. Admitem-se inquietações referentes aos processos de publicação de dados de governo e suas relações com outros tópicos de interesse socioeconômico, tais como possíveis vínculos com indicadores de desenvolvimento em países e regiões, sob o prisma de pesquisas originadas a partir da Ciência da Informação. / Generating value to society from the abundance of government data, has become imperative in the strategies of data availability that are being published through datasets. The datasets, tabulated data with a certain structure, are an example of a meeting of databases that aim to be successful setting up as central catalogs from the point of view of the citizens, increasing the visibility on and of the actions of the public management. Accomplishing the structuring of these informational resources, so that this helps in their revaluation, is one of the challenges of Information Science. The research question is: How is the adherence to the use of metadata in the instructions given to data publishers in South American governments being addressed? The objective is to describe the adherence to the use of metadata in the datasets of governments of South American countries, based on the context and conceptual framework presented in the instructions for data publishers, found on the official open data sites of the analyzed countries. It is believed that studies such as this one can provide elements that act as subsidies for government strategies, addressing social dimensions deriving out of the information professionals. It is a descriptive research, of qualitative nature, focused on the critical observation of the documents that approach the descriptive treatment of the governmental datasets. Bibliographic and documentary analyses are used as methodological procedures, and the definition of case studies in the countries Colombia, Brazil, Spain and Portugal, addressing the volume of data and information through the technique of content analysis. The effort made by the holders of the documents available in the four analyzed countries by the broad thematic content related to the experimental use of the metadata is noticed, thus giving greater importance to the practical aspect in relation to the theoretical, without disregarding the relevance of the theoretical explanations. It is believed that creating and implementing application profiles among communities of countries, such as the DCAT-AP, created and recommended by the European community of nations and suggested by the data sites of the analyzed countries, is important. Concerns referent to the publication processes of government data and their relations with other topics of socio-economic interest are admitted, such as possible linkages with indicators of development in countries and regions, under the prism of research originated from the Information Science.