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No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Joalis de Oliveira.pdf: 28694748 bytes, checksum: 68410188d2dc1262cc33e4ba352d1d4d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-14 / CAPES / Before the discussions on difficulties in the teaching of Portuguese Language (LP), present reality in primary schools – especially with regard to grammar teaching – it is aimed in this work, discuss the normative teaching of grammar, the possibilities of language as a process of interaction (mediated dialogue) and build a syntax educational proposal for elementary school (especially for 9th grade), from the stylistic-enunciative perspective. Proposal to take the student to identify other syntax learning opportunities, going beyond the normative-prescriptive perspective. Thus, it was defined as a guiding object of study of this research, the syntax of education along the lines of stylistic of enunciation. This research was based on the theoretical studies and the Bakhtin Circle (2000, 2009) on dialogism and genres, (2013) on the stylistic mother tongue teaching, in addition to reflections on stylistic: Mattoso Jr. (1978), Martins (1997) and Miller (2005), which traced the historical background of traditional and underlying concepts Stylistics. This bibliographical and documentary research, qualitative-interpretative held in a municipal school in elementary school in the town of Solânea/PB, constituted from theoretical discussion, field research with 02 (two) LP teachers, analysis syntactic activities in the Textbook (TB) and in selected grammars, and, finally, construction of one (01) didactic proposal. It was found that the teaching and learning of grammar (syntax) can not give up, effectively, from single, isolated sentences, unlinked text (gender), since any education geared to the linguistic and structural aspects of the genre should start the genre itself, and not without this. So work the syntax from the stylistic as a constituent element of the statement may be a way of fundamental importance for the study of mother tongue, as revealed mainly that the individual style of the individual student to point to all the enunciation without annulling its identity, makes sure to be a mere builder of phrases, sentences and periods, to be a builder of texts (genres), making it possible to individuality dialogue with the heterogeneity of language. / Diante das discussões sobre dificuldades no ensino de Língua Portuguesa (LP), realidade presente nas escolas de ensino básico – principalmente no que diz respeito ao ensino de gramática – objetivou-se, neste trabalho, discutir o ensino normativo da gramática, as possibilidades da linguagem enquanto processo de interação (mediada pelo diálogo) e construir uma proposta de ensino de sintaxe para o Ensino Fundamental (especialmente para 9° ano), a partir da perspectiva estilístico-enunciativa. Proposta que levasse o aluno a vislumbrar outras possibilidades de aprendizagem da sintaxe, indo além da perspectiva normativo-prescritiva. Para tanto, foi definido como objeto de estudo norteador desta pesquisa, o ensino de sintaxe nos moldes da estilística da enunciação. Esta pesquisa teve como base teórica os estudos bakhtinianos e do Círculo (2000, 2009) sobre dialogismo e gêneros textuais, (2013) sobre estilística no ensino de língua materna, além das reflexões sobre estilística de: Mattoso Câmara Jr. (1978), Martins (1997) e Monteiro (2005), que traçam o percurso histórico da Estilística tradicional e conceitos subjacentes. Esta pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, de cunho qualitativo-interpretativo, realizada numa escola municipal de Ensino Fundamental, no município de Solânea/PB, constituiu-se a partir de discussão teórica, pesquisa de campo com 02 (duas) professoras de LP, análise de atividades sintáticas no Livro Didático (LD) e nas gramáticas selecionadas, e, por último, construção de 01 (uma) proposta didática. Constatou-se que o ensino-aprendizagem de gramática (sintaxe) não pode dar-se, efetivamente, a partir de frases soltas, isoladas, desvinculadas do texto (gênero), visto que qualquer ensino voltado aos aspectos linguístico-estruturais do gênero deve partir do próprio gênero, e não desprovido deste. Assim, trabalhar a sintaxe a partir da estilística como elemento constituinte do enunciado pode ser um caminho de fundamental importância para os estudos da língua materna, pois revelou, principalmente, que o estilo individual do sujeito aluno ao apontar para o todo enunciativo, sem que anule a sua identidade, faz com que deixe de ser um mero construtor de frases, orações e períodos, para ser um construtor de textos (gêneros), tornando possível a sua individualidade dialogar com a heterogeneidade própria da linguagem.

Este trabalho apresenta uma investigação concernente às representações discentes quanto à importância da aprendizagem da teoria gramatical. A pesquisa em questão tem como objetivos não só investigar se os alunos consideram a aprendizagem da gramática importante e útil na futura vida profissional, mas também cotejar se existem diferenças significativas quanto às representações entre os alunos da rede pública e os da rede privada, relativas à utilidade da gramática, a fim de refletirmos se os professores de língua portuguesa, especificamente do Ensino Fundamental e do Ensino Médio, devem ou não privilegiar o ensino das regras da norma padrão. A pesquisa foi realizada com alunos do 3 Ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola particular e de uma escola da rede pública, ambas em Pindamonhangaba. O método utilizado foi o da pesquisa interpretativista e de diagnóstico, uma vez que buscamos confrontar as respostas dos alunos da rede pública com os da rede particular. Os resultados demonstraram que os alunos de ambas as instituições consideram útil a aprendizagem da teoria gramatical, pois acreditam que, mediante a aprendizagem da gramática, poderão conhecer e dominar a norma padrão, o que irá beneficiá-los em suas vidas profissionais. Tais resultados sinalizam a necessidade de tornar a teoria gramatical um conhecimento útil que corrobore não só o domínio da norma padrão, mas também a capacidade de adequar a linguagem de acordo com as exigências das diversas interações sociais. / This work shows an investigation concerning the student representations as to the importance of the grammatical theory learning. The present research aims not only investigating if the students consider the grammar learning important and useful in their professional future life but also check if there are significant differences as to the representations among public and private schools students, related to the grammar use, in order to ponder if the Portuguese language teachers, mainly from the first and second grades, should or should not privilege the standart norms. The research has been done with students from the third year of a private and a public elementary school, both in Pindamonhangaba. The method taken was the interpretative and diagnostic research once we try to confront the students answers from the public to the private ones. The results have shown that the students from both institutions consider the grammatical theory learning useful, because they believe that through the grammar learning they will be able to know and master the standard norm which will benefit them in their professional lives. Such results show the need of making the grammar theory a useful knowledge that strengths not only the standard norm mastering but also the capacity of fitting the language according to the demands of several social interactions.

Orientador: Ines Signorini / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-25T08:24:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aparicio_AnaSilviaMoco_M.pdf: 5039566 bytes, checksum: ad80487fde13db6d7020fe4f74fccfae (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999 / Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta uma reflexão sobre o impacto da proposta paulista de renovação do ensino de gramática na aula e no discurso de professores de língua portuguesa de 5a.a 8a. séries da rede estadual de uma pequena cidade do interior paulista. Para desenvolver essa reflexão, descrevemos e analisamos o conceito e função atribuídos à gramática e ao ensino de gramática pelas diferentes instâncias que se incumbiram de divulgar as novas propostas de mudança. Analisamos também aulas e depoimentos de 20 professores que participaram nos últimos dez anos desse processo de divulgação e implementação da nova proposta curricular de ensino de língua portuguesa. Essa análise nos possibilitou verificar que a proposta de renovação do ensino de gramática no primeiro grau no Estado de São Paulo, a partir de críticas à tradição gramatical e escolar, apresenta diferentes perspectivas para esse ensino vindas da chamada Lingüística funcional. Além disso, verificamos que as instâncias que estabelecem a ponte entre os conhecimentos vindos da Lingüística e os professores neutralizam ou apagam essas diferenças. Quanto às aulas dos professores, pudemos constatar uma grande dificuldade do professor para desenvolver o estudo gramatical no texto, aparecendo em suas intervenções confusões e equívocos. Os depoimentos revelaram que os professores têm consciência, não só das propostas de mudança como também das dificuldades que enfrentam na prática de sala de aula. Eles parecem não se dar conta, porém, das inconsistências presentes em suas aulas de gramática e em seu discurso. Este trabalho também nos possibilitou desenvolver uma reflexão tanto sobre nossa atuação na formação de professores quanto sobre o processo de formação de professores em geral práticas dos professores torna-se difícil a discussão sobre novas propostas de ensino como também a efetivação das mudanças desejadas / Abstract: This work shows a reflection about the impact caused by the state of São Paulo proposal for renewing the teaching of grammar in class, and also, the Portuguese teachers' speech in classes ranging from the 5th to the 8th grades in public schools of a small city in the countryside of the state of São Paulo. To put this reflection into effect, we described and analyzed the concept and function ascribed to grammar by the different organs that were pertained to spread the new proposals for change. We also analyzed classes and testimonies by 20 teachers that have taken part in this process of spreading and implementationthe new ways of teaching Portuguese in the last 10 years. This analyses enabled us to learn that the proposal for renewing the teaching of grammar in public elementary schools in the state of São Paulo, based on criticism of school and traditional grammar, shows different perspectives to this kind of teaching ftom the so-called Functional Linguistics. Besides that, we saw that the organs which set the connection between the knowledge, which comes ftom Linguistics and the teachers, make these differences neutral or wipe them out. As to the teachers' classes, we were able to realize a great difficulty by the teachers in developing the study of grammar based on texts, thus making their performances full of mistakes and misinterpretations. The testimonies showed us that teachers are aware not oniy of the proposals for change, but also of the difficulties they face on their practice in class. However, they seem not to be aware of the inconsistencies present in their grammar classes or in their personal speech. The present work also enabled us to think about our own role on teachers' training as well as the whole process ofteachers' training in general. From the results of this survey, we believe that if there's not a broader reflection based on the teachers' practices it will be difficult to talk about new teaching proposals as well as the real achievement of the desired changes / Mestrado / Ensino-Aprendizagem de Lingua Materna / Mestre em Linguística Aplicada

When speaking a language, whether it is our first or second language, grammatical mistakes will be made. The aim of this essay is to look into what kinds of mistakes some Swedish learners of English make when speaking English and to analyze why these mistakes are made. The essay also aims at looking into what grammar teaching can look like in Sweden and how some teachers look upon their students’ oral proficiency. The method used for this study was a qualitative one, namely interviews. Twelve students, eight in grade seven and four in grade nine, and two teachers were interviewed. During the interviews with the students a dictaphone was used. When interviewing the teachers notes were taken, and these have been the foundation of the analysis. The results showed that many of the mistakes made by the students seemed to originate in transfer from their first language. Preposition mistakes, for instance, were made in 20% of the cases and they mainly originated in interference with their first language. Verbs turned out to be the area where most mistakes were made, followed by prepositions and pronouns. 50% of the mistakes made by students in grade nine were verb mistakes, whereas the students in grade seven made verb mistakes in 33% of the cases. This study further shows that the teachers had a good grasp of what their students know, and do not know, but there were some mistakes the learners made which the teachers did not mention. Finally, the study showed that spoken language is in focus within the classroom. Students are allowed to make mistakes, even though the interviewed teachers find grammar important.

Grammar has always been an important part of language learning. Based on various theories, such as the universal grammar theory (Chomsky, 1959) and, the input theory (Krashen, 1970), the explicit and implicit teaching methods have been developed. Research shows that both methods may have some benefits and disadvantages. The attitude towards English grammar teaching methods in schools has also changed and nowadays grammar teaching methods and learning strategies, as a part of language mastery, are one of the discussion topics among linguists. This study focuses on teacher and learner experiences and beliefs about teaching English grammar and difficulties learners may face. The aim of the study is to conduct a literature review and to find out what scientific knowledge exists concerning the previously named topics. Along with this, the relevant steering documents are investigated focusing on grammar teaching at Swedish upper secondary schools. The universal grammar theory of Chomsky as well as Krashen’s input hypotheses provide the theoretical background for the current study. The study has been conducted applying qualitative and quantitative methods. The systematic search in four databases LIBRIS, ERIK, LLBA and Google Scholar were used for collecting relevant publications. The result shows that scientists’ publications name different grammar areas that are perceived as problematic for learners all over the world. The most common explanation of these difficulties is the influence of learner L1. Research presents teachers’ and learners’ beliefs to the benefits of grammar teaching methods. An effective combination of teaching methods needs to be done to fit learners’ expectations and individual needs. Together, they will contribute to the achieving of higher language proficiency levels and, therefore, they can be successfully applied at Swedish upper secondary schools.

The purpose of this survey is to examine the approach teachers in primary school takes on grammar teaching. This study is based on interviews with nine qualified teachers whom are all working with children in the age span of six to nine years old. The study shows that there are uncertainties around the concept of grammar and which parts of the grammar teaching that should be prioritized when teaching younger students. It also shows that despite the uncertainty regarding the concept of grammar the teachers all agreed that teaching how we use our language to communicate, both verbally and in writing, is important. The interviewed teacher all varied the way they teach grammar depending on how they defined the concept of grammar teaching. Nevertheless, they all agreed that teaching the language structure is beneficial to language development.

This study investigates what can cause significant gaps in grammatical knowledge in a class of English 5 and how such gaps can be healed or avoided. By triangulating results from two diagnostic tests, a focus group of pupils and a semi-structured interview with their teacher, data were analysed statistically and through a phenomenographic perspective.  The results expose grammatical gaps concerning genitive construction, relative pronouns, and tag construction. Moreover, the pupils’ experiences from earlier grammar teaching and learning indicate that cause, development, and possible healing of grammatical gaps are related to how grammar seldom is discussed or practised in school. Furthermore, the teacher’s experiences show how pupils and groups typically unaffected by grammatical issues now are involved and that extensive repair efforts are needed. In conclusion, the results and analysis suggest that grammatical gaps may be related to three main issues: how communicational theory within the syllabi is intended, how it is understood and then brought to the classroom and how teaching professionals’ schooling and tradition related to grammar teaching and testing may affect the outcome of the communicational classroom. If managed, they can be the key to bridging grammatical gaps in the future.

No description available.

The English subject in Swedish upper-secondary school aims to develop students’ holistic communicative ability, giving students opportunities to produce meaningful texts with confidence. The syllabus further proposes that this ability includes knowledge of the language’s grammatical structures since being aware of grammatical structures and options helps students to write in varied and effective ways. This prompts teachers to consider how to teach grammar to help improve students’ writing. Research, presented in this essay, shows that traditional grammar teaching with focus on rules and errors is ineffective and could rather make students shy away from grammar and writing. Instead, this essay suggests a playful and contextualised view of grammar instruction, developed by Constance Weaver, in which grammatical features are taught in conjunction with writing, enhancing texts and making them rhetorically efficient. Weaver’s approach to grammar includes presenting opportunities in which students can experiment with and explore ways to express themselves. This inspired the research question: what exercises can promote a playful attitude toward grammar to improve students’ writing? In order to investigate this question, three grammar and writing exercises were analysed with a criteria-based materials analysis. The criteria are based on research in the fields of English language learning, grammar instruction theory, rhetorical grammar theory and theory of playfulness. Results of the analysis suggest that the three exercises have the potential to promote playfulness toward grammar as well as improve students’ writing, as they could reduce anxiety and encourage risk-taking. However, teaching grammar with playful exercises may not be enough to benefit students: the overall course design and contingent teaching should promote a playful attitude.

Born into a visual culture, today’s generation of learners generally prefer a visually-rich multimodal learning environment. Tapping into the potential of visuals in language pedagogy, this study was aimed at discovering the impact of a visual presentation of grammatical concepts related to sentence structure on student writing. The study used a mixed methods design to analyse the impact of the visual approach first by statistically measuring sentence variety and syntactic complexity of student pre and post intervention texts and then using interviews to explain the nature of the impact of visuals on student conceptual understanding and its effect on their writing development. Statistical findings reveal that the experimental groups of Chinese students who were taught grammatical concepts in the context of writing instruction using a visual approach outperformed the students in the control groups who were given similar lessons in the context of writing instruction but using traditional printed hand-outs. Qualitative findings suggest that the visuals seems to have increased these students’ conceptual understanding of grammatical items that were taught, and this resulted in more sophisticated and syntactically complex texts after the intervention. The study supports the theory of contextualized teaching of grammar and proposes the use of external visuals that lead to internal visualization based on the cognitive theory of multimodal learning. In so doing, it extends the use of visual learning to grammar pedagogy. However, the findings also suggest that the visual approach would not work effectively in cultures that promote rote learning and decontextualized exercises in grammar with the sole aim of passing the exams. A shift in attitude towards grammar pedagogy in China is deemed necessary.